Short-term outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with upper ampullary rectal cancer

The purpose of the study: to analyze short-term efficacy and tolerability of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with upper ampullary rectal carcinoma. Material and methods. A prospective study conducted at the cancer research institute (tomsk, russia) between 2018 and 2020 included 47 patients with operable cancer of the upper ampullary part of the rectum with mrt3n0m0 (mesorectal fascia involvement (crm+) or low-grade cancer), mrt4аn0m0 and mrt3–4аn1m0. All patients were divided into two groups. Group i comprised 22 patients, who received 3 cycles of chemotherapy with folfox-4 followed by surgery. Group ii consisted of 25 patients, who underwent surgery alone. All patients underwent arterior resection of the rectum. Results. Group i patients completed all three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy. Downstaging after chemotherapy was observed in 16 (72.7 %) patients. No severe side effects of chemotherapy were found. The frequency of radical surgeries (r0) was 100 %. No significant differences in the rate of postoperative complications between the treatment groups were observed (18.2 % and 16 %, respectively, p>0.05). There were no cases of postoperative mortality. Conclusion. Compared with surgery alone, preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery demonstrates a high short-term efficacy, does not adversely affect the course of the perioperative period.

Role and Importance of Inflammasomes and Immune Pathways in Myeloid Malignancies, Particularly Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) to Better Understand the Disease Pathophysiology and Decipher the Scope of Therapeutic Interventions

Thanks to work by researchers at the California South University (CSU) Cancer Research Institute (CRI), they may soon have new tools to treat melanoma and other cancers. In an article published last month, members of the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) introduced an intracellular complex. Involved in melanoma-mediated inflammation and leads to tumor growth and progression. The researchers found that by inhibiting NLRP3, they could reduce inflammation and tumor spread. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues; Tumors; Prevention; Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening, Treatment; Management

T–Cell Engineering for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T–Cell Therapy in Cancer

Through T-cell engineering, researchers at the California South University (CSU) Cancer Research Institute (CRI) have shown that tumor growth can be stopped in a variety of cancers and prevented from spreading to other tissues. Findings from this study are the result of decades of research by Professor Alireza Haidari, a member of the Cancer Biology Research Program at the California South University (CSU), who discovered a protein called AH that can inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells in several different ways. They become in the tissues of the body. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues; Tumors; Prevention; Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening, Treatment; Management

T Cell Engineering as Therapy for Cancer and HIV

Through T-cell engineering, researchers at the California South University (CSU) Cancer Research Institute (CRI) have shown that tumor growth can be stopped in a variety of cancers and prevented from spreading to other tissues. Findings from this study are the result of decades of research by Professor Alireza Heidari, a member of the Cancer Biology Research Program at the California South University (CSU), who discovered a protein called AH that can inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells in several different ways. They become in the tissues of the body. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues, Tumors; Prevention, Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening; Treatment; Management

Therapeutic Potential of Pharmacological Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome Complex in Cancer Using Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Tumor Microenvironment Leads to Suppression of Metastatic Potential of Cancer Cells

Thanks to work by researchers at the California South University (CSU) Cancer Research Institute (CRI), they may soon have new tools to treat melanoma and other cancers. In an article published last month, members of the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) introduced an intracellular complex. Involved in melanoma-mediated inflammation and leads to tumor growth and progression. The researchers found that by inhibiting NLRP3, they could reduce inflammation and tumor spread. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues, Tumors; Prevention, Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening; Treatment; Management

Tumor Circulome in the Liquid Biopsies for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

New research shows that blood and urine tests can lead to faster and less invasive methods for diagnosing and monitoring different types of tumors. Two studies by the California South University (CSU) Cancer Research Institute (CRI) describe the potential of fluid biopsy to identify and track tumor growth in two very different cancers: bladder cancer and peripheral nerve tumors. Despite the differences between these cancers and their related biopsies, studies show the potential benefits of this relatively new tool in the fight against cancer. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues; Tumors; Prevention; Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening; Treatment; Management

The Association between Blood Concentrations of PCDD/DFs, DL-PCBs and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancer

Background and Objectives: Dioxin, classified as a human carcinogen by International Cancer Research Institute, shows inconsistent results on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer in epidemiological studies. International Cancer Research Institute classifies dioxin as a human carcinogen, but epidemiological studies of its effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer show inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a Korean population study to ascertain if the blood concentration of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) is associated with T2DM and thyroid cancer.Methods: Within a nested case-control study, we identified 15 people diagnosed with thyroid cancer, 30 people diagnosed with T2DM, and 55 for control. Due to the 4ml human blood requirement for PCDD/DF and DL-PCB concentrations tests, a total of 500 samples were used in 100 pooling samples. The continuous variable of a pooled sample was calculated as an average value taking into account the blood weight of each sample. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for determining the association between total dioxins and risk of T2DM and thyroid cancer were estimated using the multivariable logistic regression.Results: The study population included 100 participants from the KCPS-II (median [IQR] baseline age, 54.06 [21.04] years; 48 women). The toxic equivalents of PCDD/DFs showed a significant positive association with T2DM and thyroid cancer, after adjustments for potential confounders (T2DM ORs = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.05-1.43; Thyroid cancer ORs = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.12-1.61). These results showed a stronger association in women than in men.Conclusion: In this study, both T2DM and thyroid cancer appear to be associated with the levels of PCDD/DFs serum. The association between T2DM and levels of PCDD/DFs serum is found in women and not in men. Our findings suggest that further biochemical in vivo research and epidemiologic studies are needed to clarify the nature of the association between dioxins concentrations and diseases.

A Prospective Study Comparing Laparoscopic vs. Conventional Stomach Pull Up in Total Pharyngo-Laryngo-Esophagectomy for Post Cricoid Cancer

The aim of this study is to compare laparoscopic and conventional techniques following Total Pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy (TPLE) with respect to perioperative morbidity and mortality and postoperative recovery in post cricoid cancer patients. This is a prospective study, which was undertaken in Gujrat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI) in the period of July 2007 to March 2010. Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic TPLE were compared to that of 18 consecutive patients who underwent open TPLE. Laparoscopic and open TPLE procedure were compared with respect to patient characteristics, intra operative and complications present. The average duration was observed to be 3.5 h in the MIS (Minimally Invasive Group) group and was 5.3 h in the open group. The average blood loss was 300 mL in the MIS group and 500 mL in the open group. Average duration of the hospital stay in the MIS group was 13 days and 16 days in the open group. In the MIS group, one patient (6.7%) had a pneumonic complication and two patients (13%) had wound complications. In the open group, six patients (33%) had pneumonic consolidation and four patients (22%) had wound infections. In both groups, one patient each suffered mortality. Laparoscopic TPLE has been found to be much safer with less morbidity as compared with open surgery.