Entropy Generation in Magnetized Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow Along a Vertical Cylinder with Gyrotactic Microorganisms

This paper presents the analysis of thermal optimization in magnetic materials based on the entropy generation in a mixed convective MHD flow of an electrically conductive nano liquid having motile microorganisms together with a vertical cylinder. By using the convection boundary condition, the process of heat transport is examined in detail. With coupled linear boundary conditions the related equations (continuity, momentuum and energy) are reduced to five ODE’s. The RKF-4,5 method by shooting algorithm was employed to examine variation of physical parameters under study. The resuts of vital physical parameters on the wall friction, Nusselt number, mass flux, wall of motile microorganism flux, along with velocity profiles, temperature, concentration of nanopar-ticles, and density of motile microbes, were studied in detail. It is detected that heat transport rate is 0.81% greater for cylindrical surface compared to flat plate surface.

Antidiabetic evaluation of bioflavonoid nanopar ticles selection technique by using the analytic hierarchy process

The aim of this study was to a choice most exceptional technique for the development of antidiabetic nanoparticles encompass natural polymer particles using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In our method of selection may be lead to waste of time, loss of products and financial resources. Based on the above reasons, AHP has employed to discover the appropriate method. In the AHP, a special hierarchy was built with a goal for alternatives. After constructing the AHP, the expert select software was used to calculate the overall priority of criteria, sub-criteria and options. The best alternative selected was founded on the highest priority. Based on the Nanoscale to formulate and evaluate antidiabetic nanoparticles encompasses natural polymer particles, and it shows the particle size Polydispersity Index and zeta potential were within acceptable limits. Drug content and entrapment efficiencies were 94.16% and 86.14%, respectively. Our study concludes that AHP was the feasible and real tool for choosing the most suitable method for the formulation and evaluation of antidiabetic nanoparticles.

One structure, multiple features: The phycocyanin in biotechnology

Phycocyanine (PC) is a water-soluble, non-toxic and bioactive (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, etc.) phycobiliprotein isolated, mainly, from cyanobacteria. Due to its several properties, PC is considered to be a rising biomolecule for Industrial exploitation, and has become an important research axis in order to promote its production, and optimize its biotechnological applications. The aim of this review article was to discuss the basic, and recent properties and applications of PC, and to bring together data on various aspects of PC stabilization, and PC nanopar-ticles formulation. In addition, an overview of the main structural characteristics and process-ses of PC extraction and purification were also discussed. The recent scientific research findings concluded that PC is a promising both functional, and bioactive additive in industry, especially, in food as a dye, in imaging as a fluorescent labeling agent, and in the phar-maceutical and nano-pharmaceutical field as a bioactive molecule and nanopar-ticles, particularly, due to it antitumor capacity. Phycocyanine is, thus, a promising bio-active molecules in pharmacological, and medical fields.

TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DRUG BASED ON SILVER NANOPAR-TICLES AND PROTEOLYTIC EN-ZYME

One of the most relevant areas of veteri-nary science is the search for new, environ-mentally safe, antimicrobial drugs. From this position, special attention should be paid to products based on ionized silver. As part of preclinical studies, the toxic properties of a new complex drug containing nanoserebro and a proteolytic enzyme as active substanc-es were determined. The toxicity study was performed on healthy sexually Mature out-bred white male mice with a live weight of 20-24 grams. The effect of a single dose was determined by intragastric (n=7) and intra-peritoneal administration (n=7), chronic tox-icity was determined by introperitoneal ad-ministration of the drug for 14 days (n=12). A control group of mice was given saline. The toxic effects of the drug were assessed by changes in behavioral response, appetite, body weight, and the number of fatalities. At the end of the experiment, the surviving mice were euthanized, the hematological properties of the blood and the state of inter-nal organs were evaluated. In the course of studies, it was not possible to establish a lethal dose of the drug, since the maximum allowable volume for intragastric and intra-peritoneal administration (1.0 ml) did not cause it. The tolerated dose of this drug with single and multiple administration was more than 40,000 mg/kg of body weight, which in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 allows it to be classified as class 4 toxicity (more than 5,000 mg/kg when administered in the stomach). The use of the drug for two weeks caused minor reversible morphological changes in the blood in mice: hyperchromia (an increase in hemoglobin by 2.3 PG / ml; P<0.05) and more pronounced anisocytosis of red blood cells (by 2.7%; P<0.001), with-out any macroscopic changes in internal or-gans. Thus, the results obtained reflect the weak toxic effect of the drug, which allows us to go directly to its clinical trials.

FTIR and Optical Properties of NiO Doped Cr2O3 Nanopar-ticles Synthesis by Hydrothermal Method

Pure and Nickel oxide doped chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticals are synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The effect of dopant Ni concentration on the structural behavior of Cr2O3 nanoparticles was examined by X-ray diffraction. The average crystallite size of the synthesized nanoparticles was measured from XRD patterns using Scherrer equation and was decreased from 22nm to 12.9 nm with the increasing Nio concentration in Cr2O3 from (0, 0.01, 0.06, and 0.10). Morphologies and compositional elements of the synthesized nanoparticles were observed by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The optical property of the samples was measured by ultraviolet - visible (UV-Vis.) absorption spectroscopy. The observed optical band gap value ranges from 2.3eV to 2.5eV for Ni doped nanoparticles

Polymer Nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs)–that is, nanopar ticles (spheres, rods, plates) dispersed in a polymer matrix–have garnered substantial academic and industrial in terest since their inception, circa 1990. This is due in large part to the incredible promise demonstrated by these early efforts: PNCs will not only expand the per form ance space of traditional filled polymers, but introduce completely new combinations of properties and thus enable new applications for plastics. Low volume additions (1–5%) of nanopar -ticles, such as layered silicates or carbon nanotubes, provide property enhancements with respect to the neat resin that are comparable to those achieved by conventional loadings (15–40%) of traditional fillers. The lower loadings facilitate proc essing and re duce component weight. Most important, though, is the unique value - added properties not normally possible with traditional fillers, such as reduced permeability, optical clarity, self - passivation, and increased re sis tance to oxidation and ablation. These characteristics have been transformed into numerous commercial suc cesses, including automotive parts, coatings, and flame retardants. This issue of theMRS Bulletinprovides a snapshot of these exemplary successes, future opportunities, and the critical scientific challenges still to be addressed for these nanoscale multiphase systems. In addition, these ar ticles provide a perspective on the current status and future directions of polymer nanocomposite science and technology and their potential to move beyond additive concepts to designed ma te rials and devices with prescribed nanoscale composition and morphology.

Strategies for Dispersing Nanoparticles in Polymers

Controlling the dispersion of nanoparticles in polymeric matrices is the most significant impediment in the development of high-perform ance polymer nanocomposite ma te rials and results primarily from the strong interpar ticle interactions between the nanopar ticles. This review examines the theoretical and experimental strategies employed in developing appropriate chemical and physical methods to achieve controlled dispersion of nanopar ticles. Methods to characterize the state of dispersion, including force and electron micros copy, and scattering, electrical, and mechanical spectroscopy, are considered with special emphasis on achieving quantitative meas ures of the dispersion. Some of the outstanding issues, such as long-term aging and the implication for the dispersion of nanopar ticles, development of high-throughput methods for rapid screening, and methods for in-line monitoring, are also discussed.