Spatiotemporal Modulation of Thermal Emission from Thermal-Hysteresis Vanadium Dioxide for Multiplexing Thermotronics Functionalities

Taking heat positively as the information carrier, thermotronics can exempt the long-lasting thermal issue of electronics fundamentally, yet has been faced with the challenging multiplexing integration of diverse functionalities. Here, we demonstrate a spatiotemporal modulation platform to achieve multiplexing thermotronics functionalities based on the thermal-hysteresis vanadium dioxide, including negative-differential thermal emission, thermal diode, thermal memristor, thermal transistor, and beyond. The physics behind the multiplexing thermotronics lies in the thermal hysteresis emission characteristics of the phase-changing vanadium dioxide during the spatiotemporal modulation. The present spatiotemporal modulation is expected to stimulate more exploration on novel functionalities, system integration, and practical applications of thermotronics.

Issues of long-term durability of paper – Labest Papier

In the project “Labest Papier – Langzeitbeständigkeit von Papier” (Labest Paper – Long-term durability of paper), the suitability of paper to serve as a permanently undamaged information carrier for at least 500 years is to be assessed by the Department of Paper Manufacturing and Mechanical Process Engineering (PMV) for the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal (BASE). The ageing mechanisms of paper are known, as are countermeasures. This leads to standards and recommendations for the use of paper for documents. DIN EN ISO 9706 (2010) is the main proponent of the direction that longevity can be ensured solely via the composition of the paper and the initial situation at the beginning of ageing. DIN 6738 (2007), on the other hand, takes as its basis the approach of assessing the physical ageing of the paper based on artificial ageing and the strength losses observed in the process. Other standards vary the approaches somewhat or mix them in part, for which the lecture presents a comparison table. The usability of a document depends on two essential factors. Firstly, the residual strength after an ageing process must be high enough for the document to be usable. Secondly, the information written on it must still be legible or at least recognisable. The limits of the possibilities for dealing with damage that has already occurred are almost only set by complete destruction. Otherwise, forensic means can restore the information in a document, at least in part, with the appropriate investment of time and money. The lecture provides examples, such as the reprocessing of shredded Stasi files. Even the loss of knowledge of writing and language need not be a final obstacle, as the decipherment of hieroglyphics proves. The costs of measures to deal with damage depend individually on the condition of the documents and on the objectives in dealing with the damage. Prevention is an effective means of avoiding damage and costs in the first place. Paper is an information carrier well known for over 2000 years and has already proven its suitability for storing long-term information. Despite the fact that an intactness in the sense of being completely untouched is never given, paper has the advantage of a long migration time and that no reading or decoding device is necessary compared to modern information storage media, such as digital media or microfilm. Which grade of paper will ultimately meet the demands, however, depends on the overall consideration of the availability of the grade, the expected damage and the possibilities and costs of handling it. There is still a need for research, especially with respect to the assessment of the effect of printing inks and auxiliaries used in paper production on the longevity as well as the classification of recycled paper. An extensive measurement program is investigating this during the current project. After the project is accomplished, BASE will be able to decide in which way the already existing types of papers including marking can be preserved for as long as necessary and how the state-of-the-art optimised system “paper ink” must be prepared to ensure long-term durability. The paper is based on two working stage reports, AP1 (Schaffrath, 2020) and AP2 (Schaffrath, 2021).

DICTIONARY TYPOLOGY OF VALERY V. MORKOVKIN IN THE ASPECT OF MODERN LEXICOGRAPHY

Статья преследует цель дополнения и расширения словарной типологии В.В. Морковкина с учетом активных процессов в современной лексикографии. В ней рассматриваются словари, появившиеся за последние 30 лет, и предпринимается попытка органично вписать их в намеченную ученым модель лексикографического пространства. Автор вводит четвертое измерение классификации («кто»-основание) и предлагает ряд новых параметров для оценки словарных продуктов (природа рассматриваемого в словаре объекта, метаязык словарного описания, стиль подачи информации, носитель информации, исходные материалы и др.). Обсуждаемые в статье противопоставления словарей (бумажные – электронные, картотечные – корпусные, вербальные – поликодовые, авторские – волонтерские – партнерские и мн. др.) развивают идеи В.В. Морковкина и способствуют их актуализации. The article aims to supplement and expand the dictionary typology of V.V. Morkovkin, taking into account the active processes in the modern lexicography. There considered dictionaries appeared over the past 30 years, and attempted to organically fit them into the model of lexicographic space planned by the scientist. The author introduces the fourth dimension of classification (“who”-the basis) and offers several new parameters for evaluating dictionary products (the nature of the object considered in the dictionary, the metalanguage of the dictionary description, the style of information presentation, the information carrier, source materials, etc.). The contrasts of dictionaries discussed in the article (paper – electronic, card – case, verbal – polycode, author's – volunteer – partner, etc.) develop ideas of V.V. Morkovkin and contribute to their actualization.

The Metabolic Flux Probe (MFP)—Secreted Protein as a Non-Disruptive Information Carrier for 13C-Based Metabolic Flux Analysis

Novel cultivation technologies demand the adaptation of existing analytical concepts. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) requires stable-isotope labeling of biomass-bound protein as the primary information source. Obtaining the required protein in cultivation set-ups where biomass is inaccessible due to low cell densities and cell immobilization is difficult to date. We developed a non-disruptive analytical concept for 13C-based metabolic flux analysis based on secreted protein as an information carrier for isotope mapping in the protein-bound amino acids. This “metabolic flux probe” (MFP) concept was investigated in different cultivation set-ups with a recombinant, protein-secreting yeast strain. The obtained results grant insight into intracellular protein turnover dynamics. Experiments under metabolic but isotopically nonstationary conditions in continuous glucose-limited chemostats at high dilution rates demonstrated faster incorporation of isotope information from labeled glucose into the recombinant reporter protein than in biomass-bound protein. Our results suggest that the reporter protein was polymerized from intracellular amino acid pools with higher turnover rates than biomass-bound protein. The latter aspect might be vital for 13C-flux analyses under isotopically nonstationary conditions for analyzing fast metabolic dynamics.

The Metabolic Flux Probe (MFP) - Secreted Protein as a Non-Disruptive Information Carrier for 13C-Based Metabolic Flux Analysis

Novel cultivation technologies demand the adaptation of existing analytical concepts. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) requires stable-isotope labeling of biomass-bound protein as the primary information source. Obtaining the required protein in cultivation set-ups where biomass is scarce or inaccessible due to low cell densities and cell immobilization is difficult to date. We developed a non-disruptive analytical concept for 13C-based metabolic flux analysis based on secreted protein as an information carrier for isotope mapping in the protein-bound amino acids. This "metabolic flux probe" (MFP) concept was investigated in different cultivation set-ups with a recombinant, protein-secreting yeast strain. The obtained results grant insight into intracellular protein turnover dynamics. Experiments under metabolic but isotopically nonstationary conditions in continuous glucose-limited chemostats at high dilution rates demonstrated faster incorporation of isotope information from labeled glucose into the recombinant reporter protein than in biomass-bound protein. Our results suggest that the reporter protein was polymerized from intracellular amino acid pools with higher turnover rates than biomass-bound protein. The latter aspect might be vital for 13C-flux analyses under isotopically nonstationary conditions for analyzing fast metabolic dynamics.

Polycrystalline texture causes magnetic instability in greigite

Magnetic stability of iron mineral phases is a key for their use as paleomagnetic information carrier and their applications in nanotechnology, and it critically depends on the size of the particles and their texture. Ferrimagnetic greigite (Fe3S4) in nature and synthesized in the laboratory forms almost exclusively polycrystalline particles. Textural effects of inter-grown, nano-sized crystallites on the macroscopic magnetization remain unresolved because their experimental detection is challenging. Here, we use ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy and static magnetization measurements in concert with micromagnetic simulations to detect and explain textural effects on the magnetic stability in synthetic, polycrystalline greigite flakes. We demonstrate that these effects stem from inter-grown crystallites with mean coherence length (MCL) of about 20 nm in single-domain magnetic state, which generate modifiable coherent magnetization volume (CMV) configurations in the flakes. At room temperature, the instability of the CVM configuration is exhibited by the angular dependence of the FMR spectra in fields of less than 100 mT and its reset by stronger fields. This finding highlights the magnetic manipulation of polycrystalline greigite, which is a novel trait to detect this mineral phase in Earth systems and to assess its fidelity as paleomagnetic information carrier. Additionally, our magneto-spectroscopic approach to analyse instable CMV opens the door for a new more rigorous magnetic assessment and interpretation of polycrystalline nano-materials.

DNA: prawie niezniszczalny i najbardziej pojemny nośnik danych

Dzięki ewolucji technologicznej prawie całkowicie zrezygnowano współcześnie z analogowej archiwizacji informacji (papier, klisza, obraz) na rzecz zapisu cyfrowego. Obecnie potrzeba magazynowania wytwarzanych i przetwarzanych informacji wzrasta w eksponencjalnym tempie. Coraz większą popularnością cieszą się tzw. chmury (cloud) internetowe. Rozwój naukowy podsuwa inne rozwiązanie, zainspirowane najstarszym, ale także niesamowicie trwałym nośnikiem informacji, czyli ciągiem kwasów nukleinowych: DNA. Co więcej, DNA jest bardzo trwałe, a zakonserwowane w odpowiednich warunkach niemal niezniszczalne w odniesieniu do długości ludzkiego życia. Ponadto informacja zawarta w kwasach nukleinowych jest bardzo skondensowana. Oznacza to, że w kilku probówkach możemy zapisać informację o całych serwerach danych. Naukowcy od lat myślą o zastąpieniu cyfrowych nośników danych informacjami zapisanymi w kodzie genetycznym. Dzięki rozwojowi nauki ta perspektywa staje się atrakcyjna. DNA: an almost indestructible data carrier with incomparable capacity Thanks to the technological evolution, analog methods of archiving information (paper, film, image) have been almost entirely replaced by digital storage. Currently, the need for storage of generated and processed information is growing at an exponential rate. The so-called clouds are becoming increasingly popular. Scientific advances suggest yet another solution, inspired by the oldest but also incredibly durable information carrier, i.e. a sequence of nucleic acids: DNA. Moreover, DNA is very durable, and preserved in appropriate conditions, almost indestructible in relation to human lifespan. Further, the information contained in nucleic acids is very condensed. This means that in a scant few test tubes we could store servers’ worth of information. Scientists have been thinking for years about replacing digital data carriers with information stored in the genetic code. Thanks to new scientific developments, this prospect is becoming attractive.

Sources of Information for Learning and Decision-Making in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer

Information seeking is essential for effective patient-centered decision-making. However, prostate cancer patients report a gap between information needed and information received. The importance of different information sources for treatment decision remains unclear. Thus, using the Comprehensive Model of Health Information (CMIS) framework, we assessed the antecedent factors, information carrier factors, and information-seeking activities in localized prostate cancer patients. Data were collected via semistructured one-on-one, interviews and structured survey. Men with localized prostate cancer were recruited from two urban health-care centers. Following the interview, participants completed a survey about sources that were helpful in learning about prostate cancer treatment and decision-making. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and subjected to a thematic analysis using NVivo 10. Fifty localized prostate cancer survivors completed the interviews and surveys. Important antecedent factors that were observed were age, marital status, uncertainty, anxiety, caregiver burden, and out-of-pocket expenses. We identified complexity, magnitude, and reliability as information carrier characteristics. Preferred sources for information were health providers, medical websites, and pamphlets from the doctor’s office. These sources were also perceived as most helpful for decision-making. Urologists, urological oncologists, and radiation/radiation oncologists were important sources of information and helpful in decision-making. Prostate cancer patients obtained information from multiple sources. Most prostate cancer patients make patient-centered choices by incorporating personal factors and medical information. By considering factors that influence patients’ treatment decisions, health-care providers can enhance the patient-centeredness of care. Multiple strategies and interventions are necessary for disseminating valid, reliable, and unbiased information to prostate cancer patients to facilitate informed decisions.