Development of oil industry in Azerbaijan

Considering the naphthenic-paraffin nature of the oil fractions of Balakhany oil, the paper presents the results of studies on the use of fully and partially dearomatized oil fractions of this oil as base oils, as well as their use in a mixture with base hydrocracked oil – VHVI, used in amounts of 25-50 %. The PMR spectra of the starting and obtained oils were recorded. The possibility of obtaining semi-synthetic high-stability motor oil SAE 15W-40 by using a mixture of T-46 and high-index hydrocracking oil (VHVI-4) 68 % (T-46 – 65 % + VHVI-4 – 35 %) + additive package was shown Lubrizol – 32 %, which is not inferior in antioxidant properties to the semi-synthetic oil SAE15W-40, containing as a base component a mixture of T-46 oils – 40 % + hydrocracking VHVI-4 – 32 % + selective oil SN-600 – 20 % + package additives of Belarus, as well as pure synthetic oil SAE 15W-40, containing SN-180 – 38 %, VHVI-4 – 27 % concentrate + Lubrizol – 35 %.

The Criteria for the System of Scientific Knowledge

The authors marked and characterized four sets of criteria: 1) the criteria for scientific knowledge, 2) the criteria for the truth of knowledge, and 3) the criteria for cultural research, 4) the criteria for independence of science. All these four sets of criteria related to each other and partially overlap. The mixing of these criteria makes it difficult to develop the problems of the philosophy of science. The existing trend of rejection of the category of truth manifests itself in proposals to replace it with the concepts of reliability, credibility, sense. Such position creates a paradoxical situation of self-referencing: if there is no truth, then what is approved by postmodernists and domestic authors, is also not truth. Therefore, the consistent implementation of the provisions of the postmodern leads them to self-destruct. The leading criterions of truth have the empirical evidence. Its base component is a statistically significant observation. It operates as a pure supervision or as supervision in the composition of practices, including experiment. Derivative of empirical verification by criteria of truth are logical provability, heuristic, simplicity and beauty. The criteria for scientific knowledge are conclusiveness (rationality), noncontradiction, empirical verifiability, repeatability of empirical material, general meaning, systematicity (coherence), essentiality, uniqueness of terms, developmental potency. On the basis of these criteria the authors give the generalized definition of scientific knowledge.

Possible identification of CENP-C in fish and the presence of the CENP-C motif in M18BP1 of vertebrates.

The centromeric protein CENP-C is a base component of the kinetochore. This protein, along with CENP-A has been shown to adaptively evolve in a number of animal and plant species. In order to determine if CENP-C also evolves in fish species, I attempted to retrieve fish CENP-C sequences from GenBank. No Teleostei CENP-C sequences were found either by name or by BLASTP searches with the vertebrate CENP-C motif sequence. A number of putative Teleostei protein sequences were identified in GenBank that have homology to the C-terminal cupin domain of vertebrate CENP-C. These proteins only have partial homology to the CENP-C motif, but evidence is presented that makes it likely that these fish proteins are orthologs of CENP-C. Interestingly, it was also discovered that the CENP-C motif sequence is also mostly present in M18BP1 proteins of fish and some other vertebrates but not in mammals. This finding may have implications for CENP-C and M18BP1 assembly in centromeric regions of different vertebrate taxa.

A Brief Account of the Base Component of Transformational Generative Grammar

Purpose: To briefly introduce base component of transformational generative grammar (TGG). Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about the base component of TGG. Results: Base component serves as input to two basic elements of language which are semantic rules and deep structure. Semantic rules give semantic representation. Deep structure leads to transformational rules or transformations which again lead to surface structure. Conclusions: Base component has been introduced and modified in different stages under standard theory (ST) and then it has been modified to extended standard theory (EST). Later on and as a recent modification of this theory, it has been introduced in terms of what is known in nowadays as revised extended standard theory (REST).