Temporal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Expression Profiles of Gametes and Embryonic Development in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a crucial event in embryo development. While the features of the MZT across species are shared, the stage of this transition is different among species. We characterized MZT in a flatfish species, Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, we analyzed the 551.57 GB transcriptome data of two types of gametes (sperms and eggs) and 10 embryo developmental stages in Japanese flounder. We identified 2512 maternal factor-related genes and found that most of those maternal factor-related genes expression decreased at the low blastula (LB) stage and remained silent in the subsequent embryonic development period. Meanwhile, we verified that the zygotic genome transcription might occur at the 128-cell stage and large-scale transcription began at the LB stage, which indicates the LB stage is the major wave zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs. In addition, we indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway, playing a diverse role in embryonic development, was involved in the ZGA and the axis formation. The results reported the list of the maternal genes in Japanese flounder and defined the stage of MZT, contributing to the understanding of the details of MZT during Japanese flounder embryonic development.

К вопросу о роли материнского фактора при дакриоцистите новорожденных

Purpose. To study the characteristics of neonatal dacryocystitis, taking into account the state of health of their mothers and its possible impact on the development of neonatal dacryocystitis. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 724 outpatient medical records and case histories of children with neonatal dacryocystitis (868 eyes) and an assessment of the health status of their mothers were carried out. Results. It was found that children with neonatal dacryocystitis had concomitant somatic pathology in 11.6% of cases and congenital eye pathology in 2.3%. Among the somatic pathology, there were diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, disorders of the musculoskeletal system and lesions of the central nervous system, as well as other unexplained diseases. The burdened heredity according to neonatal dacryocystitis was found in 23.5% of children. Mothers of children with neonatal dacryocystitis suffered from somatic diseases in 14.4% of cases and gynecological pathology in 8.5% of cases. Sexually transmitted diseases were in 19.5% of mothers. Influenza or acute respiratory viral infection in the first trimester of pregnancy was suffered by 65.9% of mothers of children with DN. The pathological course of the first trimester of pregnancy was observed in 74.7% of mothers. Conclusion. The frequency of somatic, gynecological diseases, genital infections, influenza or acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy, the pathological course of pregnancy in mothers of children with neonatal dacryocystitis, and somatic diseases in newborns, in addition to inflammation of the lacrimal sac, suggest the presence of the so-called, “maternal factor” – maternal health, contributing to the development, along with neonatal dacryocystitis, pathological clinical conditions due to possible intrauterine infection of the fetus, which corresponds to the infectious-inflammatory theory of development of neonatal dacryocystitis. Key words: children, maternal factor, inflammation of the lacrimal sac, neonatal dacryocystitis.

Outcomes and analysis of fetomaternal elements and delivery strategies with neonatal respiratory distress

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Perinatal asphyxia occurs in association with different maternal and fetal determinants. However, the relation of associated factors with perinatal asphyxia is not well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the association of maternofetal factors and mode of delivery with perinatal asphyxia in a tertiary care centre.Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study conducted in department of OBG in tertiary care health centre. A total 200 newborns were selected for study out of which100 newborns were with asphyxia at birth as study group and 100 non asphyxiated newborns were taken as control group. Maternal factor like age, parity, gestational age and fetal factor like weight at birth and mode of delivery were studied to established association on perinatal asphyxia.Results: Maternal factor like age, parity, gestational age had not significant relationship with perinatal asphyxia. Maximum number of babies delivered in both control and the study group were in the range of 2.6 to 3kg.In this study birth weight did not have significant relationship with perinatal asphyxia. Proportions of LSCS was comparatively higher in the study group though. The delivery mode did not have any statistically significant influence on the newborns affliction with birth asphyxia (p>0.05).Conclusions: Findings of this study highlight the need for the better obstetrical care and awareness of the possible presence of the risk factors of PNA (perinatal asphyxia) among mothers and fetus, so that the incidence and complications of PNA could be prevented or at least appropriately managed. It can reduce the high incidence of morbidity and mortality due to birth asphyxia.