scholarly journals An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for Correlating Pulse Crop Seed Coat Polyphenol Profiles with Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Chelation Ability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3833
Author(s):  
Fatma M. Elessawy ◽  
Albert Vandenberg ◽  
Anas El-Aneed ◽  
Randy W. Purves
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Pulse Crop ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Crop Seed

Pulse crop seed coats are a sustainable source of antioxidant polyphenols, but are typically treated as low-value products, partly because some polyphenols reduce iron bioavailability in humans. This study correlates antioxidant/iron chelation capabilities of diverse seed coat types from five major pulse crops (common bean, lentil, pea, chickpea and faba bean) with polyphenol composition using mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify key differences and a hierarchical analysis revealed that common beans had the most diverse polyphenol profiles among these pulse crops. The highest antioxidant capacities were found in seed coats of black bean and all tannin lentils, followed by maple pea, however, tannin lentils showed much lower iron chelation among these seed coats. Thus, tannin lentils are more desirable sources as natural antioxidants in food applications, whereas black bean and maple pea are more suitable sources for industrial applications. Regardless of pulse crop, proanthocyanidins were primary contributors to antioxidant capacity, and to a lesser extent, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whereas glycosylated flavonols contributed minimally. Higher iron chelation was primarily attributed to proanthocyanidin composition, and also myricetin 3-O-glucoside in black bean. Seed coats having proanthocyanidins that are primarily prodelphinidins show higher iron chelation compared with those containing procyanidins and/or propelargonidins.

scholarly journals 381 Differential Leaching of Anthocyanins during Thermal Processing of Selected Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 509E-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Hosfield ◽  
Clifford W. Beninger
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Seed Coats

Seed coat color in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is determined by the presence or absence of tannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Black beans contain three main anthocyanins that are responsible for their black seed coat color: delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside. Leaching of anthocyanins occurs in many black bean genotypes during thermal processing (i.e., blanching and cooking). Black beans that lose their dark color after processing are unacceptable to the industry. Since the marketability of black beans can be adversely affected by thermal processing, an experiment was conducted to ascertain whether pigment leaching was due to qualitative or quantitative changes in anthocyanins during processing. Four black bean genotypes that showed differential leaching of color were investigated. `Harblack' retains most of its black color after processing while `Raven' loses most of its color. `Black Magic' and `Black Jack' are intermediate between `Harblack' and `Raven' in processed color. Bean samples (119 ± 1.5 g) of the four genotypes were thermally processed in 100 x 75-mm tin cans in a pilot laboratory. Seed coats were removed from the cooked beans, freeze-dried, and placed in solutions of formic 10 acid: 65 water: 25 methanol to extract anthocyanins. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC. Although all genotypes retained some color, there were no detectable anthocyanins in seed coats of the cooked beans. In a second experiment, raw beans of each genotype were boiled in distilled water for 15 minutes. All four genotypes lost color during boiling, but `Harblack' retained most of its color and had a five-fold higher concentration of the three anthocyanins than did the other genotypes. `Harblack' may retain color better than other black beans because of physical characteristics of the seed coat.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Coat Color Genes on Milling Qualities of Red Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Subedi ◽  
Lope G. Tabil ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Economic Trait ◽  
Milling Characteristics ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Dehulling Efficiency ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seed Coats

Efficient milling is the key economic trait for the red lentil industry. Various seed characteristics including seed coat color can influence milling characteristics. Four basic seed coat ground colors (green, gray, tan, and brown) of 16 red lentil genotypes from a common genetic background were compared to determine the effect of seed coat color genes on three key milling quality traits: dehulling efficiency (DE), milling recovery (MR), and football recovery (FR). These genotypes were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan, Canada for two years. DE, MR, and FR results varied depending on the seed coat color conferred by specific genotypes. Green and gray seed coat color (homozygous recessive tgc allele) genotypes had significantly higher DE and MR percentages compared to brown or tan seed coat types (homozygous dominant Tgc allele) depending on genotype interaction with site-year. Seeds with brown or tan seed coats had significantly higher FR percentages in two site-years. Red cotyledon lentils with uniform shape and green or gray seed coat color might be more profitable for millers who wish to maximize DE and MR of red lentil, but brown seed coat color might be preferable in terms of FR.

scholarly journals Comparative seed coat anatomy of the genus Wollemia (Araucariaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
A. S. Timchenko ◽  
A. N. Sorokin ◽  
N. S. Zdravchev ◽  
A. V. F. Ch. Bobrov ◽  
M. S. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Progressive Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
Seed Coats

The seed coat anatomy of Wollemia nobilis W. G. Jones, K. D. Hill et J. M. Allen was carried out. In theresult of analysis of transverse sections of seeds the sufficient parenchymatization of seed coats and their differentiationinto three morphogenetic zones – the exotesta, the mesotesta and the endotesta was revealed. Such characters of thespermoderm as differentiation of the mesotesta into several topographic zones, presence of resin cavities in mesotesta, aswell as the participation of both exotesta and mesotesta in making the wing are treated as the archaic ones. The seeds of W.nobilis are of transitional type between exomesotestal and the exotestal type (according to Corner's typology). In generalthe seed coat structure of W. nobilis fits into the divercity of seed coats structure in the family Araucariaceae and is treatedas a progressive type within the family.

Structural aspects of dormancy in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): importance and possible action mechanisms of the seed coat

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ceccato ◽  
Daniel Bertero ◽  
Diego Batlla ◽  
Beatriz Galati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Structural Aspects

AbstractTwo possible sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting were evaluated in quinoa. They showed dormancy at harvest and significant variations in dormancy level in response to environmental conditions experienced during seed development. The aims of this work were to evaluate the importance of seed coats in the regulation of dormancy in this species, to investigate possible mechanisms of action and to assess association of seed coat properties with changes in dormancy level caused by the environment. Accessions Chadmo and 2-Want were grown under field conditions on different sowing dates during 2 years. Seed coats were manipulated and seed germination was evaluated at different temperatures. Seed coat perforation before incubation led to faster dormancy loss in both accessions. This effect decreased with delayed sowing date, and seeds expressed a level of dormancy not imposed by coats. This suggests the presence of embryo dormancy in the genus Chenopodium. Seeds of the accession 2-Want had a significantly thinner seed coat at later sowing dates, associated with a decreasing coat-imposed dormancy, but this pattern was not detected in Chadmo. The seed coat acts as a barrier to the release of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in quinoa, suggested by the increase in germination and a higher amount of ABA leached from perforated seeds. ABA is able to leach from seeds with an intact seed coat, suggesting that differences in seed coat thickness may allow the leakage of different amounts of ABA. This mechanism may contribute to the observed differences in dormancy level, either between sowing dates or between accessions.

scholarly journals Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Phenolic Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
David Fonseca Hernandez ◽  
Ignacio Orozco-Avila ◽  
Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes ◽  
Luis Mojica
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Abstract Objectives The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of common bean phenolic extract to exert anti-aging and antioxidant effect by inhibiting the collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase enzymes and free radicals. Methods 18 varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Chiapas, Mexico, were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (ACN). Supercritical fluid (SCF) and leaching extractions were used for phenolic compounds extraction. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assay. The inhibitory potential of the extract was evaluated for tyrosinase from mushroom, collagenase type-1 from Clostridium histolycum and elastase from porcine pancreas enzymes. Results The TPC ranged from 3.8–34.33 mg GAE/g coat and ACN ranged from 0.04–9.41 mg C3GE/g coat among the 18 common bean varieties (P < 0.05). The cultivar selected for this study was black bean with a TPC of 27.45 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g coat and ACN of 5.3 ± 0.1 mg C3GE/g coat. The best extraction conditions for the obtention of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were SCF water-ethanol 50% as cosolvent, obtaining 66.60 ± 7.4 mg GAE/g coat (TPC) and 7.3 ± 0.6 mg C3GE/g coat (ACN). TPC and ACN content between each extraction process were statistically different (P < 0.05). For DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 for the black bean extract was 0.32 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g coat, and 0.40 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g coat for ABTS assay. Finally, the IC50 for the enzymatic inhibition assays of tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase were 10.44 ± 1.32, 8.33 ± 0.65 and 0.11 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g coat, respectively. Conclusions Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract presents high antioxidant capacity and inhibitory potential for tyrosinase and metalloproteinases such as collagenase and elastase. Black bean phenolic extracts could be used in cosmeceutical products related to preventing oxidative stress and aging. Funding Sources Author David Fonseca Hernández was supported by a scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONACyT-México, number 901,000. CONACYT-FORDECYT GRANT.

Effects of perturbations and stimulants on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed germination

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Coats

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seeds germinate only after seed coats are degraded. In nature this happens slowly. Seeds from recently collected fruit (fresh to four years old) germinated only after scarification of the seed coat by 20-minute soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid. Germination was not enhanced by: (1) short-term intermittent soaking, up to 81 hours, in dilute (0.01 normal) hydrochloric acid; (2) passage through the digestive tracts of bears, coyotes, or birds; (3) physical perturbations such as nicking, mechanical scarification, repeated freezing and thawing and/or four years of exposure in the field; (4) exposure to light; (5) increased temperatures or temperature fluctuations; or (6) addition of nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea). Key words: animal passage, germination, nitrogen, red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., seed coat, seed weight, scarification, stratification

The role of fractures and lipids in the seed coat in the loss of hardseededness of six Mediterranean legume species

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. ZENG ◽  
P. S. COCKS ◽  
S. G. KAILIS ◽  
J. KUO
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Ornithopus Sativus ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Seed Coat Morphology

Changes in the seed coat morphology of 12 annual legumes were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The seeds of Biserrula pelecinus L. cv. Casbah, Ornithopus sativus cv. Cadiz, Trifolium clypeatum L., T. spumosum L., T. subterraneum L. cv. Bacchus Marsh, Trigonella balansae Boiss. & Reuter., Trigonella monspeliaca L. and Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa Dorthes (morthes.) were examined by ESEM after exposure to field conditions for 6 months, while those of Medicago polymorpha L. cv. Circle Valley, Trifolium clypeatum L., T. glanduliferum Boiss., T. lappaceum L., T. spumosum L., and T. subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith, were examined after 2 years' exposure. The entry of water into seeds was followed by covering various parts of the seed coat with petroleum jelly and soaking the treated seeds in dyes.As the seeds softened over time, more and larger fractures appeared on the seed coat. Water entered the seed either through fractures, over the seed coat as a whole or through the lens. It is hypothesized that the formation of fractures occurs after physicochemical changes in the seed coat, probably associated with changes in the amount and nature of seed coat lipids.The newly matured whole seeds of M. polymorpha cv. Circle Valley, T. clypeatum, T. glanduliferum, T. lappaceum, T. spumosum, and T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith were analysed for lipid content in 1997. The seed coats of T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. spumosum were separated from the cotyledons and examined in detail for lipid content.The lipid content of whole seeds ranged from 48 (T. lappaceum) to 167 mg/g (T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith). Total lipid of the whole seeds of T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. glanduliferum declined by about 9 mg/g over 2 years, while in T. spumosum it declined by about 17 mg/g.In contrast, the major fatty acids in the seed coat declined by 0·67 mg/g over the 2 years. Change in seed coat lipids showed a marked similarity to changes in hardseededness for both T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. spumosum. The results strongly suggest that seed softening is associated with loss of lipids in the seed coat, because lipids have physical characteristics that are altered at temperatures experienced in the field.

Seed germination In Acacia auriculiformis: developmental aspects

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pukittayacamee ◽  
A. K. Hellum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Time Of Collection

Germination of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. seeds was related to seed development. Full physiological development of seeds, indicated by maximum seed dry weight, was reached 82 days after anthesis; however, maximum percent germination was not reached before day 89. Later, germination declined gradually as dormancy and mortality increased. Most seeds were capable of germination without pretreatment at the time of collection, indicating that seed coats were not impermeable to water. Germination of seeds with moisture content from 14 to 29% can be achieved. Anatomical studies revealed that seeds reached maturity after compressing the parenchyma cells against the inside of the seed coat. The physical properties of the seed coat, therefore, did not control its permeability to water. After the developmental period, seed dormancy increased by further drying of seeds during storage.

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