scholarly journals PENEMUAN HUKUM OLEH HAKIM MELALUI PEMBUKTIAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BUKTI ELEKTRONIK DALAM MENGADILI DAN MEMUTUS SENGKETA PERDATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Efa Laela Fakhriah
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Law System ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Witness Statement ◽  
Legal Discovery

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan sistem hukum acara perdata yang berlaku, hakim terikat pada alat-alat bukti yang sah, yang berarti bahwa hakim hanya boleh menjatuhkan putusan berdasarkan alat-alat bukti yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang saja sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 164 HIR. Di samping itu juga alat bukti pemeriksaan setempat sebagaimana dan keterangan saksi ahli Hukum pembuktian yang berlaku saat ini, secara formal belum mengakomodasi dokumen elektronik sebagai alat bukti, sedangkan dalam praktiknya di masyarakat melalui transaksi perdagangan secara elektronik, alat bukti elektronik sudah banyak digunakan, terutama dalam transaksi bisnis modern. Tulisan ini menghasilkan simpulan bahwa dalam hal memeriksa perkara yang pembuktiannya menggunakan bukti-bukti bersifat elektronik, karena hukum acara perdata (HIR) sebagai hukum formil tidak mengaturnya, maka hakim dapat mendasarkan pembuktian pada hukum materiil yang juga mengatur tentang hukum acara, dalam hal ini Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik atau Undang-undang Dokumen Perusahaan. Akan tetapi seandainya pun tidak ada peraturan materil yang mengatur tentang bukti elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah dipersidangan, atau hakim tidak mau mendasarkan pembuktian pada hukum materiil, hakim dapat melakukan penemuan hukum dengan cara analogi atau penafsiran hukum terhadap bukti yang bersifat elektronik agar dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti di persidangan sebagaimana halnya alat bukti yang diatur dalam hukum acara perdata.Kata kunci: bukti elektronik; pembuktian; penemuan hukum. ABSTRACTAccording to the Civil Procedural Law system, the judges were bound to the legal evidences, which meant that the judges might only impose the verdict based on legal evidences which determined by the law as stated in Article 164 HIR for instances: documentary evidence, witness’ statement, allegation, recognition, and oath. In addition, the local inspection as legal evidence was also regulated in Article 153 HIR, and the expert statement stipulated in Article 154 HIR. The current of evidentiary law, was not accommodating electronic documents yet as legal evidence, while in fact electronic trading transactions among societies needed electronic evidence had been widely used, especially in modern business transactions. The problem was how the judge conducted a legal discovery in giving verdict in lawsuit dispute which was handled to use electronic evidence as legal evidence, in the other hand, according to the Civil Procedural Law system stated that evidentiary was legitimate when done using the evidence that had been determined/regulated in the Civil Procedural Regulation.Keywords: electronic evidence; evidentiary; legal discovery.

scholarly journals Data Elektronik Sebagai Alat Bukti Yang Sah Dalam Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Pandoe Pramoe Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Legal Proof

The writing of this scientific work is motivated by the difficulty of legal institutions such as the court in carrying out the verification of criminal cases related to Electronic Data. Evidence is fundamental in every criminal case. Therefore, evidence becomes a very decisive thing whether or not a person is convicted. However, the Criminal Procedure Code as a formal law in Indonesia, has not regulated electronic evidence as a legal evidence. The research method used is normative research using a statutory and analytical approach, while data collection through literature studies and interviews and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results of the study indicate that proof of the ITE Law is lex specialis, because the ITE Law regulates everything that is more specific in the evidentiary law contained in the Criminal Procedure Code. The legal proof of electronic aspect as a legitimate evidence in the case of money laundering is regulated in Article 73 and with the enactment of the ITE Law, it is increasingly emphasized that electronic documentary evidence is a legitimate and recognized evidence in Indonesian procedural law. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini dilatar belakangi oleh sulitnya lembaga hukum seperti pengadilan dalam hal melaksanakan pembuktian perkara pidana yang berhubungan dengan Data Elektronik. Bukti merupakan hal mendasar dalam setiap perkara pidana. Oleh karena itu, alat bukti menjadi hal yang sangat menentukan dapat tidaknya seseorang dipidana. Namun, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana sebagai hukum formil di Indonesia, belum mengatur mengenai alat bukti elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan analitis, sedangkan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara serta analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembuktian pada UU ITE bersifat lex specialis, dikarenakan UU ITE mengatur segala sesuatu yang lebih spesifik dalam hukum pembuktian yang terdapat di dalam KUHAP. Aspek hukum pembuktian elektronik sebagai alat bukti yang sah dalam kasus tindak pidana pencucian uang diatur dalam Pasal 73 dan dengan diberlakukannya UU ITE semakin dipertegas bahwa alat bukti dokumen elektronik merupakan alat bukti yang sah dan diakui dalam hukum acara Indonesia.

scholarly journals TO OVERCOME THE CONSTRAINTS OF PROOF IN THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Dewi Asimah
Keyword(s):  
Proof System ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Valid Evidence

The existence of electronic information and / or electronic documents has been recognized as valid evidence which is an extension of the evidence in the Procedure Law that applies in Indonesia provided that the electronic information and / or electronic documents use electronic systems in accordance with the provisions stipulated in Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. However, despite the ITE Law as well as several other regulations, it cannot be said that the Indonesian Procedural Law has stipulated electronic evidence in evidence, because the regulation of electronic evidence is in the realm of material law. Proof using electronic evidence at the trial has debates such as the examination of witnesses using the teleconference in the case of BULOG and marriage /consent qobul conducted different countries. Besides there are several other obstacles such as 1. Authentication of electronic evidence 2. Procedures for showing the instrument electronic evidence and 3. Electronic signatures. Responding to these constraints, the renewal of the procedural law must be carried out immediately by including the electronic evidence and changing the evidence system from a closed proof system to an open proof system, in order to accommodate the development of evidence, especially electronic evidence.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINDAK PIDANA PENGANCAMAN MELALUI PESAN SINGKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Andi Irriana D Sulolipu
Keyword(s):  
Short Message Service ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Witness Statements

Proof of criminal offense through short message service based on at least 2 evidences plus judge's confidence. Legal evidence can be in the form of witness statements, expert information, letters, instructions and explanations of defendants and information / electronic documents as an extension of evidence in the provisions of the ITE Law, while the print is an extension of documentary evidence in the Criminal Code. Therefore, the elements to be met, ie intentionally, without rights, transmit, the object of Electronic Information and / or electronic documents containing threats of violence or intimidating personally addressed. AbstrakBukti tindak pidana melalui layanan pesan singkat berdasarkan setidaknya 2 bukti ditambah keyakinan hakim. Bukti hukum dapat berupa pernyataan saksi, informasi ahli, surat, instruksi dan penjelasan terdakwa dan informasi / dokumen elektronik sebagai perpanjangan bukti dalam ketentuan UU ITE, sedangkan cetakan adalah perpanjangan dari bukti dokumenter dalam Kode kriminal. Oleh karena itu, unsur-unsur yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu sengaja, tanpa hak, mentransmisikan, objek Informasi Elektronik dan / atau dokumen elektronik yang mengandung ancaman kekerasan atau intimidasi yang ditujukan secara pribadi.

scholarly journals CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRONIC LAW ENFORCEMENT IN CRIMINAL ACTS OF THEORY IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusep Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
Material Requirements

The culture of proving electronic evidence in law enforcement of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions ("UU ITE") which provides a legal basis for the legal culture of electronic and formal evidence and material. requirements for electronic evidence to be accepted in court. Electronic Evidence is Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents that meet the formal requirements and material requirements stipulated in the ITE Law. Article 5 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law stipulates that Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents and/or their printouts are legal evidence. The implementation of the regulation of electronic evidence in law enforcement of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is the use of evidence in the form of wiretapping and video recordings which were actually applied in the 2002 Bali Bombing Case. 1 of 2002 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Despite the controversy, the Public Prosecutor emphasized that the reading of the statements of witnesses from Malaysia and Singapore who were unable to attend the trial was legal because it was in accordance with the description of the evidence in the law. The same is regulated in the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions. Article 5 states that electronic information and/or printed electronic information are legal evidence and have legal consequences. Of course, electronic information is declared valid if it uses an electronic system in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINDAK PIDANA PENGANCAMAN MELALUI PESAN SINGKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Andi Irriana D Sulolipu
Keyword(s):  
Short Message Service ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Witness Statements

Proof of criminal offense through short message service based on at least 2 evidences plus judge's confidence. Legal evidence can be in the form of witness statements, expert information, letters, instructions and explanations of defendants and information / electronic documents as an extension of evidence in the provisions of the ITE Law, while the print is an extension of documentary evidence in the Criminal Code. Therefore, the elements to be met, ie intentionally, without rights, transmit, the object of Electronic Information and / or electronic documents containing threats of violence or intimidating personally addressed. AbstrakBukti tindak pidana melalui layanan pesan singkat berdasarkan setidaknya 2 bukti ditambah keyakinan hakim. Bukti hukum dapat berupa pernyataan saksi, informasi ahli, surat, instruksi dan penjelasan terdakwa dan informasi / dokumen elektronik sebagai perpanjangan bukti dalam ketentuan UU ITE, sedangkan cetakan adalah perpanjangan dari bukti dokumenter dalam Kode kriminal. Oleh karena itu, unsur-unsur yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu sengaja, tanpa hak, mentransmisikan, objek Informasi Elektronik dan / atau dokumen elektronik yang mengandung ancaman kekerasan atau intimidasi yang ditujukan secara pribadi.

17. Witness Statements and Documentary Evidence

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-350
Author(s):  
Lucilla Macgregor ◽  
Charlotte Peacey ◽  
Georgina Ridsdale
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
Civil Cases ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Witness Statement

Cases can readily be won or lost on the strength of witness evidence at trial. Important applications may fail if a witness statement does not adequately deal with all of the issues. A legal representative, therefore, must understand both the underlying theory behind the use of witness evidence and documentation during the course of litigation, including the rules on hearsay, and the practical requirements and challenges encountered in the preparation of witness statements. This chapter discusses the use of evidence at trial; the preparation of witness statements for interim applications and at trial; the use of hearsay in civil cases; and evidential tools.

scholarly journals Electronic evidence as a means of evidence in civil proceedings

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Iryna Tatulych
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Electronic Copy ◽  
Constitutional Right

The article deals with the analysis of electronic evidence as a new means of evidence in civil proceedings. Due to the constant changes of the information environment and the improvement of information technologies there arises the question of consolidating the evidence obtained in the information space. The example of this evidence is the electronic evidence that provides information in electronic (digital) form containing information about the circumstances that matter to the case. There is defined, for the first time, the electronic evidence and the procedure for its submission and investigation at the legislative level. In procedural law such innovations are one of the means of achieving the effectiveness of civil justice, as they facilitate the full, comprehensive consideration and resolution of a civil lawsuit, the establishment of the true circumstances of the case, and the adoption of lawful and grounded decisions by courts, which is the purpose of civil justice. Electronic evidence is submitted to the court in three ways: in the original, in the electronic copy certified by an electronic digital signature, in paper copies, certified in the manner prescribed by law. Besides, the party submitting a copy of the electronic evidence must indicate that he/ she or some other person has the original of the electronic evidence. It is the responsibility of the claimant to attach to the statement of claim all the evidence available to support the circumstances on which the claim is based (if written or electronic evidence is provided, the claimant may attach a copy of the relevant evidence to the statement of claim). The claimant can submit electronic evidence using the Unified Court Information and Telecommunication System. In the article, there are highlighted the issues of the concept, nature and types of electronic evidence, the views of scientists on the features and significance of electronic evidence in civil proceedings. Moreover, the article focuses on problematic issues that the legislator should regulate to ensure that participants of the case are able to submit electronic evidence to court and implement their constitutional right to judicial protection. To reach these goals there were analyzed the views of scientists who investigated this type evidence. Unfortunately, the current CCP of Ukraine and other by-laws regulating the Institute of Electronic Evidence do not provide answers to many questions about the use of evidence from purely technical to legal ones. The legislator limited the work only to the general principles of applying a new type of evidence. Therefore, the judicial practice today is controversial when deciding whether electronic evidence is admissible and appropriate. Also in the article there is analyzed the judicial practice regarding the presentation of electronic evidence as the means of evidence to the court by the parties of the case. According to the results of theoretical study, there were made some suggestions to improve the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Pertimbangan Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Langsa Terhadap Penggunaan Saksi De Auditu Dalam Perkara Perceraian

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Arin Christiana
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Procedural Law

Witness is a person who gives a statement in the court that qualify the certain conditions about an event or situation that he sees, hears and experiences himself as the evidence has occured  an event or situation. Yet, How if the witnesses collected do not see or experience the incident directly but they only heard from someone else. In The positive legal terms, the witness is called testimonium de auditu, according to Islamic procedural law it is called syahadah al-istifadhah. In the process of how strength the legal evidence of the testimonium de auditu in a divorce case in the Langsa City Syar'iyah Court. Testimonium de auditu in civil procedural law, if it is according to  positive law in article 171 HIR and article 1907 KUH. Civil of testimonium de auditu is not a tool of witness evidence, but it is used as a judge's judgment. But sometimes the exception of testimonium de auditu can be considered from the quality and strength of proof, the application depends on the case. In the perspective of Islamic law, the testimonium de auditu is categorized in the syahadah-istifada as a popular testimony. It means that the testimony delivered has become a public secret, a story in the community, or information in the community about the events that occurred.

scholarly journals Analisis Yuridis Kekuatan Hukum Sertipikat Tanah Elektronik Dalam Pembuktian Hukum Acara Perdata

Widya Bhumi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Dian Dewi Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Civil Cases ◽  
Court Proceedings

The role of electronic evidence, namely electronic certificates as part of electronic documents in civil cases, is still questionable. The presence of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, which is the legal umbrella for the validity of electronic certificates, apparently still raises pros and cons, even in the eyes of law enforcers, therefore more specific regulations are needed so that the validity and strength of proof of electronic certificates are no longer questioned in court proceedings, especially civil cases. Electronic certificate or also known as electronic land certificate as one of the products from The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency which is currently being discussed will implement a media transfer process from analog to digital form. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare further regarding regulations to regulate how the later position and strength of evidence from electronic land certificates in Civil Procedure Law as an extension of evidence in civil cases. The method used in writing this scientific paper is legal research with the socio-legal method, namely by normatively examining the regulations regarding the Information dan Electronic Transaction of law in which have been used in civil proceedings in court and by looking at the existing norms and responses that are developing in the community. In the provisions of Article 6 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, an electronic document is considered valid if it is accessible, displayable, assured as to its integrity, and accountable. However, because it does not have perfect evidentiary power, it is necessary to accelerate the discussion of the Draft Civil Procedure Law, so that electronic land certificates as part of electronic documents have perfect evidentiary power in court, especially in civil cases.Keywords: Electronic Land Certificate, Evidence, Civil Procedure Law Intisari: Peran alat bukti elektronik yaitu sertipikat elektronik sebagai bagian dari dokumen elektronik dalam perkara perdata sampai saat ini masih dipertanyakan keabsahannya. Kehadiran UU ITE yang menjadi payung hukum dari keabsahan sertipikat elektronik rupanya masih menimbulkan pro dan kontra, bah­kan di mata penegak hukum, oleh karenanya dibutuhkan regulasi yang lebih spesifik agar keab­sahan dan kekuatan pembuktian dari sertipikat elektronik tidak lagi dipertanyakan dalam beracara di pengadilan khususnya perkara perdata. Sertipikat elektronik atau dapat juga disebut sertipikat tanah elektronik sebagai salah satu produk dari Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/ Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) yang saat ini sedang diwacanakan akan diberlakukan atau akan dilaksanakan proses alih media dari bentuk analog ke bentuk digital. Untuk itu perlu dipersiapkan lebih lanjut menge­nai regulasi untuk mengatur bagaimana nantinya kedudukan dan kekuatan pembuktian dari sertipikat tanah elektronik dalam Hukum Acara Perdata sebagai perluasan alat bukti pada perkara perdata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan metode sosio legal, yaitu dengan mengkaji secara yuridis normatif berbagai ketentuan perundang-undangan dan pengaturan mengenai dokumen elektronik yang selama ini dapat digunakan dalam beracara secara perdata di pengadilan serta dengan melihat norma dan respon yang ada dan berkem­bang di tengah masyarakat. Dalam ketentuan Pasal 6 UU ITE, suatu dokumen elektronik dianggap sah apabila dapat diakses, ditampilkan, dijamin keutuhannya, dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Namun karena belum memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna, maka perlu segera dipercepat pemba­hasan mengenai Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Perdata, agar sertipikat tanah elektronik sebagai bagian dari dokumen elektronik memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna di muka pengadilan khususnya perkara perdata.Kata Kunci: Sertipikat Tanah Elektronik, Pembuktian, Hukum Acara Perdata

scholarly journals Robustness of software

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Peter Bernard Ladkin
Keyword(s):  
Processing System ◽  
Transaction Processing ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Civil Court ◽  
The Core

In the English civil court case Bates v Post Office Limited, the properties of the Post Office Horizon transaction-processing system were investigated and argued. Anthony de Garr Robinson QC for the Post Office defined “robustness” of the Horizon software-based system. The concept of robustness was at the core of the defendant’s argument, which was that Horizon was “robust”, if not infallible. This article sets out that the vocabulary deployed by Mr de Garr Robinson is not used in this way in computing, whether or not it is conceptually clear. Index words: software, electronic documents, electronic evidence, computer evidence, robust

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