Studi Parametrik Pengaruh Variasi Pengekangan Terhadap Nilai Kapasitas dan Daktilitas Penampang Kolom Beton Bertulang Bentuk T

Column has a function as a successor of the entire building load for foundation with a cross-sectional shape which generally a square. In its development, the shape of column section has begun to vary, namely the 'L', 'T' and 'Plus (+)' shaped sections. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of restraint parameters such as diameter of stirrups, distance between stirrups, diameter and configuration of longitudinal reinforcement also concrete quality on the capacity and ductility of T-shaped non-square column using Response-2000, XTRACT and SAP2000 programs to ensure the percentage comparison of the analysis result data is not more than 5%. The results of this study for each type of cross-section, namely each increase in the percentage of concrete quality parameters ranging from 25-35 MPa, the diameter of longitudinal reinforcement and diameter of stirrups will increase the value of capacity and decrease the value of ductility, while for each increase in the percentage of parameters the distance between stirrups will decrease the value of capacity and the ductility value. Meanwhile, the variation of longitudinal reinforcement configuration produces T2-1 section as cross section with the largest capacity value and T1-2 section as cross section with the greatest ductility value.

PEMBANDINGAN SIMPANGAN DAN CAPACITY RATIO PADA PEMODELAN GEDUNG DENGAN DAN TANPA INITIAL SWAY IMPERFECTION

Initial Sway Imperfection is one of the stability requirements for structural steel design structure, as explained in SNI 1729-2015 the specification of steel building. It was also mentioned that initial sway imperfection can be simulated by giving notional load on the structure of steel building model which is 0,002 of the gravity load on each floor. However, consultants and practitioners never apply initial sway imperfection in the calculation of stability, even though it is very important in buckling prediction, especially in column section. This research was compared drift and capacity ratio in column section, with and without initial sway imperfection using 3D model of 7 floors building. The method that we used is DAM (Direct Analysis Method). In the first model without notional load and the second model by applying notional load. The results shows that the biggest drift value in the X direction increase from 0,2 mm to 135,2 mm, and in the Y direction increase from 0,1 mm to 55,4 mm, the capacity ratio increase from 0,04% to 16,73%. The drift value with initial sway imperfection exceeds the limits allowed by SNI 1726-2012, therefore it needs to enlarge column section. At the same time, the capacity ratio with initial sway imperfection is within the limit which is less than 1.Keywords: Initial Sway Imperfection, Notional Load, Deviation, Capacity RatioAbstrakInitial Sway Imperfection adalah salah satu syarat stabilitas pada struktur, dijelaskan pada SNI 1729-2015 tentang spesifikasi untuk bangunan gedung baja struktural. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, perencana maupun praktisi belum memperhitungkan adanya initial sway imperfection, padahal hal tersebut sangat penting dalam memprediksi terjadinya tekuk, terutama pada kolom yang merupakan batang tekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan simpangan dan capacity ratio (rasio tegangan) pada penampang kolom, dengan dan tanpa adanya initial sway imperfection yang disimulasikan dengan memberikan beban notional terhadap pemodelan struktur gedung baja dimana besarnya adalah 0,002 dari beban gravitasi yang bekerja pada setiap lantai. Pemodelan menggunakan gedung 7 lantai secara 3 dimensi. Metode desain menggunaan DAM (Direct Analysis Method). Pemodelan pertama tanpa adanya beban notional dan pada pemodelan kedua sudah diaplikasikan beban notional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai simpangan terbesar terjadi pada arah x dimana mengalami kenaikan dari 0,2 mm menjadi 135,2 mm dan pada arah y terjadi kenaikan dari 0,1 mm menjadi 55,4 mm. Untuk nilai capacity ratio mengalami kenaikan yang bervariasi dari 0,04% sampai 16,73%. Nilai simpangan dengan initial sway imperfection, melebihi batas yang diijinkan oleh SNI 1726-2012 sehingga diperlukan memperbesar kapasitas penampang kolom. Sedangkan nilai capacity ratio dengan adanya initial sway imperfection masih aman karena nilai capacity ratio kurang dari 1. Kata kunci: Initial Sway Imperfection, Beban Notional, Simpangan, Capacity Ratio

STUDY PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR ATAS GEDUNG GUEST HOUSE 6 LANTAI DI KOTA KEDIRI

The increasing number of tourist attractions and airport construction in the city of Kediri will impact the rising number of visitors from outside the city. The availability of adequate accommodation to accommodate the number of visitors who will come to the town of Kediri is essential. Kediri City Guest House Building is one of the solutions to the problem of availability of accommodation in the City of Kediri going forward. Calculations carried out in this study regarding the structure of the 6-story Guest House building design using SAP2000V7.40 software. The results of the standard frame elements in the structure column model with the appropriate dimensions and materials included in the plan drawing. The column section frame has dimensions 600x600 cm and diameter 600 cm. The wall load value is distributed to all frames holding the wall in the form of a uniform load of 250 kg/m2 as planned, the height of the stairs is 2 m, and the length is flat is 2.5 m. Thus, the calculation results obtained the number of stomps of 10 pcs and the number of climbs of 10 pcs with a width of 61cm stairs, aantrade (horizontal) 25 cm, and optrade (up) 20 cm. Bertambahnya jumlah tempat Wisata dan pembangunan Bandara di Kota Kediri akan berdampak pada bertambahnya jumlah pengunjung dari luar Kota. Ketersediaan akomodasi yang mencukupi untuk menampung jumlah pengunjung yang akan datang ke Kota Kediri sangat diperlukan. Gedung Guest House Kota Kediri menjadi salah satu solusi pada permasalahan ketersediaan akomodasi kedepannya. perhitungan yang dilakukan Pada penelitian ini mengenai perencanaan struktur bangunan Guest House 6 lantai dengan menggunakan software SAP2000V7.40. Hasil elemen frame biasa pada model kolom struktur dengan dimensi dan material yang sesuai telah dicantumkan dalam gambar rencana. Frame section kolom tersebut berdimensi 600 x 600 Cm dan diameter 600 Cm. Nilai beban dinding didistribusikan ke seluruh frame yang menahan dinding dalam bentuk beban merata (uniform load) sebesar 250 kg/m2 seperti rencana tinggi tangga adalah 2 m dan panjang datar adalah 2,5 m. Secara perhitungan diperoleh hasil jumlah injakan 10 bh dan jumlah tanjakan 10 bh dengan lebar tangga 61cm, aantrade (mendatar) 25 cm, dan optrade (naik) 20 cm.

Coverage of reforms in the internet edition of «Ukrayinska Pravda»

The article aims to explore the specifics of coverage of reforms in the online edition «Ukrayinska pravda» to determine the features of the genre-thematic content of the publications. The study of the peculiarities of media coverage of reforms is relevant due to the lack of a detailed analysis of the thematic focus and structure of publications on reforms. Principal topics for journalists have been identified: medical reform, reform of the prosecution, reform of the army, civil service reform, sports reform. The publications highlight both the positive dynamics in the implementation of reforms and the obstacles to the successful implementation of reforms. Materials from the «NEWS» section are written for informational purposes and do not contain a subjective author’s assessment. Materials from the «COLUMN» section are written as analytical articles or contain elements of different genres. The publications are aimed to draw attention to the problem, assess the effectiveness of reforms, predict possible successes and failures of the reform.

ANALYSIS OF BUCKLING AND BENDING FAILURE OF ALUMINIUM COLUMN SECTIONS USED IN EMERGENCY RESTORATION TOWERS

This paper presents an experimental analysis of buckling and bending failure modes of a 2.58 m long, 460×460 mm2 6061-T6 Aluminum alloy column section used in emergency restoration towers. The main objective is to determine the bending and buckling load capacities of the column section through experiments, as these values are critical in an emergency tower (guyed mast) design. Within the context of this overarching goal, a secondary objective is to ascertain whether the presence of certain manufacturing non-conformance affects the loading capacity of the section significantly. Finally, finite-element analysis (FEA) simulations are conducted in order to compare the experimental data with numerical results. The results show that the ultimate bending and buckling load capacities of the column section are 383 kN and 3,868 kN respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the presence of manufacturing non-conformances such as air bubbles and delamination do not have a detrimental effect on the load capacity of the column. Of the two non-conformances studied, the specimen with bubbles had a 1% difference from the good specimen, and the delaminated specimen had a 10% deviation. Comparison of experimental data with FEA simulation results shows that the numerical solution tends to overestimate the stiffness of the column, and that the FEA approach may require further calibration.

‘Canon’ Formation (Part II)

Through the medium of print, processes of standardization, indigenization, canonization, and scientification not only of Hindi as the proposed national language, but also of Hindu national culture become visible in the early decades of the twentieth century. This chapter contextualizes such processes through a detailed analysis of Sudhā’s thematic columns. Processes of the nationalization of literature in particular are discussed through a micro-perspective on to Sudhā as it created its very own archives of knowledge of what it considered to be the national arts, medicine and science, music, news, and formerly orally transmitted knowledge on domesticity, homespun remedies, health, cooking, and child-rearing. Visually, women featured centrally in the column section of the periodical. Even though they were for the most part featured as recipients of knowledge, they were also imagined as women taking active roles in the construction of this supposedly canonical knowledge.

An Experimental Analysis on the Moment Rotation of Beam-Column Connection using Cold-form Steel Section

A beam-column connection of cold-formed steel section was arranged as an isolated joint. An experimental testing has been done on the model specimen until the model reached its failure mode. The behaviour of the cold-formed bolted connection in the matter of its strength and stiffness of the steel connection was studied. In this study, gusset-plate and bolted angle flange cleat connection were used in which it can stiffen the cold-formed beam-column connection. Moment-rotation curves were generated from the test results to represent the behaviour of the bolted connections. The design expression of the beam-column connection is following the design standard of Eurocode 3 BS EN 1993-1-8. The set-up of the experimental analysis, the procedure and the failure mode results are discussed in details. The moment capacity of 5.9 kN.m has been recorded for the beam section and 7.3 kN.m for the column section. The stiffness (Sj) was recorded as 120.94 kN.m/rad for the beam section and 182.42 kN.m/rad for the column section.