Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy on ten taxa of Calycanthaceae Lindl. (Laurales)

The comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of ten species of family Calycanthaceae have been studied. Leaf anatomy is very comparable to each other in cell shape and their arrangement. Collected leaves were preserved in FAA and alcohol series were applied for LM and SEM. The layer of epidermis is two in Idiospermum and one in rest of other genera. The structure of vascular bundle is V-shape in Sinocalycanthus and Calycanthus whereas U-shape in Idiospermum and Chimonanthus. The density of trichome is higher in Calycanthus than other genera. The presence of trichome, stomata, epidermal layer, density of trichome and stomata, and leaf surface are represented the distinction among the genera. The adaxial surface of Idiospermum and Sinocalycanthus are smooth whereas of Calycanthus and Chimonanthus are rough. The crystals are present in Calycanthus, Sinocalycanthus and Chimonanthus whereas absent in Idiospermum. The shape of the vascular bundle, density of trichome, epidermal layer, and crystals play important role in the phylogenetic relationship of Calycanthaceae.

OCT-Angiographic Findings in Intermediate Uveitis-related Refractory Macular Edema

Objective : To assess the microvascular structure of macula in uveitic refractory macular edemaMethod:In a cross-sectional observational study fifty-five patients in all were assessed for macular microvascular structure using Optuve OCT angiography: 30 patients with intermediate uveitis-related refractory macular edema (RME group), and 25 patients with intermediate uveitis without macular edema (control group).Results:Superficial layer density in RME and control group were significantly different in whole image and parafovea (P=0.027 , P= 0.001), however there was no significant differences between the two groups in fovea superficial density (P=0.711).There was no significant difference in deep layer density between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:The density of superficial vessels is lower in refractory macular edema. Micro-cystic changes in inner retina and ischemia can be the cause of alteration in superficial layer density in refractory macular edema.

A novel method for fracture pressure prediction in shallow formation during deep-water drilling

A large numbers of deep-water drilling practices have shown that more than 60% of deep-water wells have the complex leak-off during the drilling process, which poses great difficulties and challenges for the safety and operation time of deep-water drilling. The purpose of this article is to establish a method for predicting the fracture pressure in shallow formations. In this study, the deep-water shallow formation was divided into the upper unconsolidated soil layer and the lower diagenetic rock layer according to the geotechnical distribution characteristics of the deep-water shallow formation. The location of the transition soil/rock layer zone was determined using the upper soil layer density trend line and the lower rock layer density log data regression trend line. The deep-water shallow fracture pressure prediction model was established based the soil/rock transition zone. Shear failure criterion was used above the transition zone and tensile failure criterion is used below the transition zone. The shallow fracture pressure of 6 drilled exploratory wells in the X block from the South China Sea were calculated using this new method and the calculation errors were all less than 3.18%. Moreover, the shallow fracture pressure body in this block was established using the Kriging interpolation method based on 6 drilled exploratory wells data. This shallow fracture pressure body established here were used to predict 9 development wells shallow fracture pressure with a predictive error less than 1.7% and there were no drilling accidents. The case study demonstrates that the new model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy, has good prospects for popularization and application.

The Influence of Particle Shape, Powder Flowability, and Powder Layer Density on Part Density in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

The particle shape influences the part properties in laser powder bed fusion, and powder flowability and powder layer density (PLD) are considered the link between the powder and part properties. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between these properties and their influence on final part density for six 1.4404 (316L) powders and eight AlSi10Mg powders. The results show a correlation of the powder properties with a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of −0.89 for the PLD and the Hausner ratio, a PCC of −0.67 for the Hausner ratio and circularity, and a PCC of 0.72 for circularity and PLD. Furthermore, the results show that beyond a threshold, improvement of circularity, PLD, or Hausner ratio have no positive influence on the final part density. While the water-atomized, least-spherical powder yielded parts with high porosity, no improvement of part density was achieved by feedstock with higher circularities than gas-atomized powder.

The role of corticosterone in the regulation of the cellular composition of chicken blood during the stress reaction

The influence of hen layer density on the variability of the number of red blood cells, heterophiles and lymphocytes in the blood, the secretory activity of adrenal glands, estimated by the level of corti-costerone and cortisol, as well as the presence of interrelations between hormones and blood cells by calculating complex indices, were studied. Chickens, as the research object, were kept in cages, under conditions of standard layer density and increased by 1.5 and 2.0 times. We found that chickens adapt to an increase in layer density by one and a half times, pro-vided that egg production decreases to 33.33%; two times exceed of the regulatory requirements for laying does not correspond to the adaptive abilities of birds. Depending on the level of layer density excess (stress factor) in chicken blood, the concentration of corticosterone and cortisol increases, determining a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an in-crease in heterophiles against the background of the preservation of red blood cells, reflecting the “energy price” of adaptation. Corticosterone af-fects the relationship of red blood cells with lymphocytes and heterophiles, determining the variability of the values of the indices reflecting the ratio of red blood cells and lymphocytes (ISEL), red blood cells and hetero-philes (ISEG), red blood cells, lymphocytes and corticosterone (ISELC), red blood cells, heterophiles and corticosterone (ISEGC) and the integral index of red blood cells-heterophiles-lymphocytes and corticosterone (IIEGLC).