Exploring EFL student use of digital backchannels during collaborative learning activities

This chapter highlights several findings related to the learners' use of digital communication channels during online collaborative activities. The term "digital backchannel" is used to imply that there are two channels of communication operating simultaneously during collaborative activities. The predominant digital channel is that of the online content management system controlled by the instructor and accessed in the target language, English. The secondary channel of digital communication (backchannel) is that of the external personal social network systems (SNS) that students employed to interact with group members and others. The researcher collected qualitative and quantitative data on learner interactions within a yearlong series of language learning activities through internet logs and interviews. The students employed digital backchannels with increasing frequency throughout the study period, even though there was an initial reluctance to use a communication channel, they considered very private for public educational activities. These digital backchannels were primarily mobile-based SNS. The students reported that the use of these backchannels increased in use over the study period and led to increased peer communication and networking. Also, students' language use changed when moving between these primary and secondary communication channels, with L1 being used for the main-channel and L2 used for the backchannel.

POLA KERJASAMA GURU DAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA KELAS VII C SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MTS PAB 1 HELVETIA

This study aims to analyze: (1) the pattern of cooperation between teachers and parents in improving students 'religious character, (2) supporting factors for teachers' efforts in improving students 'religious character, (3) inhibiting factors in improving students' religious character. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenology approach. The results of this study indicate that finding the communication patterns of teachers and parents is carried out with secondary communication patterns or two-way or reciprocal communication patterns (Two way traffic communication). Besides, this study also found two things, namely supporting factors and inhibiting factors that affect the cooperation of teachers and parents. Supporting factors consist of: 1) Awareness of the teacher's responsibility in teaching students, 2) Awareness of the responsibility of parents in giving and guiding their children to have a religious character, (3) a strong willingness of students to learn and change be better, (4) Between teachers and parents have attention and time to communicate, (5) Between teachers and parents of students get online media that is easy and comfortable to communicate, (6) A harmonious relationship between teachers, parents and pupils. While the inhibiting factors consist of (1) Lack of awareness of the teacher's responsibility (2) Lack of awareness of the responsibilities of parents in giving and guiding their children to have a religious character.

Text-Transforms – the Communicative Paradigm Basis of a Literary Work

The article introduces and investigates the concept of a "text-transform" based on the novel and short-novel plots of the drama works of the Ukrainian dramatists of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The text-transform is defined as a message by a different author, with a different structure, different code, composition, and fable, sometimes, with a different system of images. This research paper also looks at the different levels of transformations: dramatization, adaptation, and a based-upon play. The early 20th century sees actualization of the secondary communication strategy, when in the process of transformation of the narrative elements, dramatists exploit the strategy of preservation, shortening, expanding, and changing text blocks. It is determined by the theatre-specific process and pragmatic orientation on the stage manifestation. Meanwhile, expanding and changes are aimed to explicate and intensify the current and preserved relationships between the characters in the text-transforms.

CITY BRANDING KECAMATAN PONCOKUSUMO SEBAGAI KAWASAN DESA WISATA DI KABUPATEN MALANG

This study aims to find a structured city branding model of Poncokusumo District of Malang Regency as a tourism village area in Malang Regency by using aspects / dimensions of city branding by Kavaratzis (2004). This analysis is carried out in 2 stages, namely primary communication and secondary communication. The point of view in this study uses the point of view of communication which views a brand as part of public relations. Researchers used qualitative descriptive methods with data collection techniques, in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The informant selection technique uses a purposive sampling technique while the data analysis technique uses Miles & Huberman, consist of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification and data validity using source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the structured city branding model through the Kavaratzis city branding concept conducted by the Malang District Culture and Tourism Office has not yet been found. This is because the Malang District Culture and Tourism Office has not yet developed an effective primary communication where the official as the program owner can clearly communicate the concept of a tourism village and its development. Secondary communication in the development of Poncokusumo Subdistrict as a tourist village area experienced a problem, which is the absence of special publications by the Culture and Tourism Office of Malang Regency, so that the popularity of Poncokusumo Subdistrict as a tourist village area could not reach the Top of Mind. The Poncokusumo District Brand as a tourist village area is less known because there is no special event that lifts the tourism village and the publication is less so that Poncokusumo District as a tourist village area is less known by the public. Keywords: City Branding, Poncokusumo, Tourism Village

Synthesis of the topological structure of a self-healing and scalable data network segment

An approach is proposed to reduce the load on the backbone channels of the data network. The scientific novelty lies in the improvement of the method for reducing the load of backbone channels by synthesizing the topological structure of its segments, which have the properties of local self-healing and scalability, and segment recovery and scaling occur without access to the backbone channels of the main network. The following tasks were solved: the structure of the primary regular communication network was formed, assuming the possibility of self-recovery; an algorithm for the formation of a secondary communication network of a local segment based on the existing primary regular network has been developed; the principles of local scaling are formulated; a method for local scaling of the topological structure of data transmission network segments is proposed; the comparative analysis of the load of the main channels of the data transmission network was carried out using the standard and the proposed variants of the synthesis of its local components. A regular graph with a given connectivity is used as the initial structure. Further transformations were carried out using a modified combinatorial optimization method. The topological features of the "grid" type graph are used to scale the segment. With a large number of segment switching nodes, the additional load on the trunk channels increases with the proposed approach more slowly than with the standard one. The main computational difficulties arise when applying the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. Therefore, the development of this study may consist in reducing the computational complexity of the algorithm for forming a secondary communication network of the segment under consideration.

POLA KOMUNIKASI DALAM PEMBERIAN SANKSI ADAT TERHADAP PELAKU KAWIN LARI

In order to achieve a common goal in a society, sometimes the exchange of messages can be biased, therefore it is important how the communication patterns in giving a support to the elopement, so that problems do not arise in the future. Therefore, the writer wants to see and know the communication patterns that take place in the granting of sanctions to the elopement in BatuEjung village. This type of research is qualitative research, data sources in this study were taken from primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques were carried out by interview observation and documentation. Analysis techniques by data reduction, data presentation, then drawing conclusions / verification. The results of studies of various types of communication patterns, ranging from primary communication patterns, secondary communication patterns, linear communication patterns and circular communication patterns, the most suitable and approaching in sanctioning elopement actors are primary communication patterns because they include which elements in the pattern This is divided into two symbols, verbal symbols and nonverbal symbols. In verbal or language symbols, it can be seen how dialogue patterns that occur between indigenous people and the host convey the problem directly, in a nonverbal pattern the process of communicating thoughts by the communicator to the communicant using a symbol, known as "tepunjung" both yellow arbor and white arbor, and payment of a fine in cash. Keywords: communication patterns, customs, elopement

Augmenting Museum Communication Services to Create Young Audiences

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how museums use Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance communication services with their audiences and attract new ones. Still, there is no definite answer to how young audiences perceive the educational effects of experiencing this augmented space of communication as an immersive medium. This study is based on a survey of 400 students after they visited an AR technology-enhanced exhibition held by a local history museum. Two stimulus–response marketing scale metrics, widely used to assess TV commercials, were adapted for AR experiences and validated. The mediation analysis revealed an intervening emotional mechanism, in which the multisensory AR experience has educational effects through entertainment and empathy. An improved stimulus–response empirical model is proposed, in which AR technologies, as environmental multisensory stimuli, produce cognitive responses through emotional immersion. The findings have significance in improving how museums encode their message using AR technologies as a secondary communication medium with young audiences. This study could help museum professionals and application developers to find AR implementation solutions as service tools to enhancing user experience by using a widely tested scale for evaluating TV commercials applied to measure AR experiences.

Pola Komunikasi Urban Care Community pada Masyarakat Marginal Surabaya

Marginalization still occurs in some communities in the city of Surabaya. One of them is the people in the Kali Jagir village of Surabaya. Urban Care Community is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that fosters marginalized communities in Stren Kali Jagir, Wonokromo, Surabaya City. This article discusses how the Urban Care Community process and communication patterns among marginalized communities in the Kali Jagir Stren. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns and processes of Urban Care Community communication in empowering marginalized communities in Stren Kali Jagir. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The result of this research is the communication process carried out by the Urban Care Community with marginalized communities in the Kali Jagir Stren using interpersonal communication processes, group communication, and social media communication to make it more efficient. Meanwhile, the communication pattern with marginalized communities in Stren Kali Jagir uses a secondary communication pattern

KOMUNIKASI MORAL RELIGIUS MELALUI DONGENG PADA SELAPARANG TV

This paper uses a case study approach, in addition to obtaining valid data, the author here collects data with structured interview techniques, full participant observation and documentation analysis. Communication is used by storytellers in conveying moral messages through the Selaparang TV media namely verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is used when narrating or telling fairy tales, while nonverbal communication is used in the form of illustrations from fairy tales brought. The communication process that occurs in the feld is secondary communication where storytellers convey moral messages through television media. The moral message conveyed is more about the stories of prophet Muhammad SAW.