Two component modified Lilliefors test for normality

Research background: Commonly known and used parametric tests e.g. Student, Behrens? Fisher, Snedecor, Bartlett, Cochran, Hartley tests are applicable when there is an evidence that samples come from the Normal general population. What makes things worse is that testers are not fully aware in what degree of abnormality distorts results of parametric tests listed above and suchlike. So, it is no exaggeration to say that testing for normality (goodness-of-fit testing, GoFT) is a gate to proper parametric statistical reasoning. It seems that the gate opens too easily. In other words, most popular goodness-of-fit tests are weaker than statisticians want them to be. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this paper is to put forward the GoFT that is, in particular circumstances, more powerful than GoFTs used until now. The other goals are to define a similarity measure between an alternative distribution and the normal one and to calculate the power of normality tests for a big set of alternatives. And, of course, to interest statisticians in using the GoFTs in their practice. Method: There are two ways to make GoFT more powerful: extensive and intensive one. The extensive method consists in drawing large samples. The intensive method consists in extracting more information from mall samples. In order to make the test method intensive, the test statistics, as distinct from all existing GoFTs, has two components. The first component (denoted by ?) is a classic Kolmogorov / Lilliefors test statistics i.e. the greatest absolute difference between theoretical and empirical cumulative distribution functions. The second component is the order statistics (r) at which the ?_max^((r) ) locate itself. Of course ?_max^((r) ) is the conditional random variable with (r) being the condition. Large scale Monte Carlo simulations provided data sufficient to in-depth study of properties of distributions of ?_max^((r) ) random variable. Findings & value-added: Simulation study shows that the Two Component Modified Lilliefors test for normality is the most powerful for some type of alternatives, especially for the symmetrical, unimodal and bimodal distributions with positive excess kurtosis, for symmetrical and unimodal distributions with negative excess kurtosis and small sample sizes. Due to the values of skewness and excess kurtosis, and the defined similarity measure between the ND and an alternative, alternative distributions are close to the normal distribution. Numerous examples of real data show the usefulness of the proposed GoFT.

Asosiasi Adversity Quotient dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik Jenjang SMP

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the students' adversity questions and the mathematics learning outcomes. This type of research is a quantitative research with correlational techniques. The research sample that was selected randomly to 50 students. The instrument to measure the adversity quotient variable used a questionnaire with a Likert scale and the variable instrument of mathematics learning outcomes used a multiple-choice form test, that had been tested for validity and reliability. The requirements test performed showed normal analysis results (Lilliefors test) and homogeneous (Fisher's test). The regression linearity test results of the regression line equation ?=1,947+0,795X. The test results used product trials when the r=0,605 was obtained. Reinforced the degree of significance with the test obtained the tvalue=5,267>2,01=ttable. This research conclusion that there is a significant positive relationship between adversity quotient and mathematics learning outcomes of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Cikarang Selatan with a contribution of 36,6%.

Pengembangan Media Ular Tangga Berbantuan Flashcard terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Deskripsi Kelas IV

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keterampilan menulis siswa rendah dan tidak adanya media pembelajaran yang bersifat praktik langsung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan, menguji kelayakan, dan menguji keefektifan media ular tangga berbantuan flashcard pada materi menulis deskripsi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Mangkang Kulon 02 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji-t, dan n-gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media ular tangga berbantuan flashcard dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran berdasarkan persentase ahli media dan ahli materi berturut-turut sebesar 94% dan 97%, dengan kategori sangat layak. Pada ujicoba pemakaian produk, hasil perhitungan uji t memperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 10,23>2,011. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan uji n-gain memperoleh nilai gain sebesar 0,562, dengan kriteria sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah media ular tangga berbantuan flashcard layak dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis deskripsi siswa kelas IV. This study was motivated by the low writing learning outcames and the absence of direct practice learning media. This research is a type of research and development. This research aimed to develop, to test feasibility, and to test the effectiveness of snake and ladder media assisted on flashcard on the writes descriptions material. The subject of this research is the four grade students of SDN Mangkang Kulon 02 with a total of 34 students. The data collection techniques use observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentations. The processed data using lilliefors test, t test, and gain test. The results showed that snake and ladder media assisted on flashcard could be used in learning based on the percentage of media and material experts is 94% and 97% with a very decent category. In the use of product tests shows the results of the calculation of the t test obtained tcount>ttable is 10.23>2.011. While the results of the n-gain test calculation 0.562 with medium criteria. The conclusion of this research is that snake and ladder media assisted on flashcard is feasible to use and is effective in improving the skills of writing indonesian descriptions in four grade.

Phenotipic diversity and biometry of fruit and seeds of a natural population of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul.

Phenotipic diversity and biometry of fruit and seeds of a natural population of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. The aim of this study was to characterize and estimate the phenotipic diversity of Cenostigma macrophyllum in a natural population in the state of Piauí (PI), Brazil, from the physical characteristics of the fruit and seeds. The data were collected in the municipality of Floriano, PI. The following variables were evaluated in biometry: fruit length (mm), fruit width (mm), fruit weight (g), number of seeds per sample fruit, seed length (mm), seed width (mm), and seed thickness (mm). The biometric data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and deviations from normality of the data were confirmed by the Lilliefors test for use of the Spearman non-parametric correlation. The phenotipic divergence observed among the individuals was based on cluster analyses (Tocher and UPGMA) and principal components. According to principal components and the dendrogram, individuals 3 and 11 have the greatest dissimilarity. The variables related to the fruit (length, width, and weight) had significant positive correlation, and these variables were the ones that most contributed to intraspecific variation. The results obtained were relevant because they will assist studies related to pre-breeding and conservation of the species.

The Influence of Low Intensity-High Intensity Plyometric Training and Hand-Eye Coordination on Jump Shoot Ability in Basketball Players of Bhinneka Solo Club: Randomized Control Trial

Various studies have been carried out to improve jump shoot ability of basketball, both by simple exercises and modifications to the form of training. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of low intensity-high intensity plyometric training and hand-eye coordination on jump shoot ability. This study was conducted on basketball players of Bhinneka Solo club. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The sample size in this study was 40 players obtained through purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques in this study used ANOVA, Saphiro Wilk test (Lilliefors test with α = 0.05) and homogeneity variance test (Leve's test with α = 0.05). The results show that (1) high intensity plyometric training has a significant influence on jump shoot basketball ability compared to low intensity plyometric training, (2) high hand-eye coordination has a significant influence on jump shoot basketball ability compared to low hand-eye coordination, (3) there is an interaction between low intensity and high intensity plyometric training and hand-eye coordination to jump shoot basketball ability.

Goodness-of-fit tests for the beta Gompertz distribution

This article studied the goodness-of-fit tests for the beta Gompertz distribution with four parameters based on a complete sample. The parameters were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Critical values were found by Monte Carlo simulation for the modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, Cramer-von Mises, and Lilliefors test statistics. The power of these test statistics founded the optimal alternative distribution. Real data applications were used as examples for the goodness of fit tests.

Goodness-of-fit tests for the beta Gompertz distribution

This article studied the goodness-of-fit tests for the beta Gompertz distribution with four parameters based on a complete sample. The parameters were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Critical values were found by Monte Carlo simulation for the modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, Cramer-von Mises, and Lilliefors test statistics. The power of these test statistics founded the optimal alternative distribution. Real data applications were used as examples for the goodness of fit tests.

The Application of Communicative Language Teaching to Improve Students’ Ability in Speaking

The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ ability in speaking before and after using Communicative Language Teaching in learning English. The method in this research was experimental quantitative method by using quasi experimental design with one group pretest-posttest model. The design only see students’ achievement in speaking before and after using Communicative language Teaching. The object of the research was English Department students. They were randomly selected. The technique of collecting the data was done through observation and the data were gotten from the students when they did oral communication. The instrument in this research was oral test. The data were analyzed by using Lilliefors test, testing homogeneity F, and testing hypothesis by using T-test. The result of this study shown that the use of Communicative Language Teaching could improve students’ ability in speaking. It was proved from the students’ average was higher after using Communicative Language Teaching. The data in this research had normal distribution. Based on data analysis by using T-test was gotten that tcount = 6,59 at the significant level = 5% and dk (n-1) = (30-1) =29 was gotten ttable = 1,699. So, tcount > ttable. It proved that Ho was rejected, and Ha was accepted. It’s meant that there was a significant difference between students’ ability before and after implementing Communicative Language Teaching.

Keefektifan Model Think Pair Share Berbantu Media Gaser Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Siswa

The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of think pair share model assisted media gaser to writing skill of class V student of SD Negeri 06 Randudongkal Pemalang. This research is a quantitative research using One Group Pretest Posttest Design research design using one class as research subject. he results of this study were obtained by performing initial data analysis, normality test with lilliefors test, and final data analysis with T test. Based on the analysis of final data that has been done calculation T test obtained t count> ttable is 13,16> 1,687, hence hypothesis can be accepted, thereby can be concluded that study with model Think Pair Share assist Gaser media effective to writing skill class V SD Negeri Randudongkal Pemalang.Keywords: Think Pair Share models, glowing images, writing skills

SIKAP KEMANDIRIAN SISWA DAN KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER DI SEKOLAH MAN 2 BOJONEGORO

This study aims to prove whether there are differences in independence attitudes possessed by active and non-active students in extracurricular activities. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information relating to the relationship between extracurricular activities and student independence. in addition, the results of this study are expected to be useful as a reference in developing extracurricular activities. The technique used for the normality test in this study was Lilliefors test and homogeneity testing between group A and group B was carried out before treatment was given.