scholarly journals Formulation and Antimicrobial Screening of Piper sarmentosum Cream against Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Abdul Rahman ◽  
Ummi Salwani Abdullah ◽  
Shazreen Shaharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
Cream Formulation ◽  
High Homogeneity

Piper sarmentosum, known as ‘kaduk’ has been traditionally used in different parts of the world to cure many diseases and ailments. It contains alkaloids and has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties like anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-tuberculosis, antioxidant, and antimalarial. This study aimed to evaluate the formulation of P. sarmentosum cream and exploring the antimicrobial properties in different types of cream formulation before in vivo study. The leaves extract of P. sarmentosum was obtained from the cold-soaked methanolic extraction method, evaporated, and dried to produce the powdered extract. Then, it was diluted into four different concentrations, 25% w/v, 50% w/v, 75% w/v, and 100% w/v for Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial screening. Based on the S. aureus antimicrobial screening, four types of creams were formulated (Cream A: cream base without Piper sarmentosum extract; Cream B: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) only; Cream C: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) with parabens preservatives; Cream D: Piper sarmentosum extract (5%) with vitamin E) and evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, stability study, and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. As a result, 100% w/v concentration of the P. sarmentosum extract showed the highest result in the zone of inhibition (5.50 mm ± 0.03) towards S. aureus and was selected for cream formulation. In evaluating their physical appearance, all formulated creams showed high homogeneity and consistency with no phase separation and pH between 7.2 – 8.0 ± 0.07. On stability study, all creams with three different temperatures of 4°C, 27°C, and 37°C for 30 days show no colour changes, high homogeneity, and consistency with any phase separation. The results of antimicrobial screening for all formulated creams, show that Cream D has the highest zone of inhibition towards S. aureus (5.53 mm ± 0.25), followed by Cream C (4.43 mm ± 0.13). In conclusion, P. sarmentosum cream formulation showed high stability properties and possessed anti-microbial properties suggesting its potentials for wound healing cream.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
B.T Yunana ◽  
◽  
B. B Bukar ◽  
J. C Aguiyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance

Antibacterial Effects of Derivatives of Porphyrin, Naphthalene diimide, Aminophenol and Benzodioxane on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli K1

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Ayaz Anwar ◽  
Salwa Ali ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Naphthalene Diimide ◽  
Molecular Mode ◽  
Escherichia Coli K1

Background: Infectious diseases contribute to substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide despite advances in therapeutic intervention highlighting the need to identify drugs with antimicrobial properties. Methods: Here, we utilised several compounds from the following classes: porphyrin, naphthalene diimide, aminophenol derivatives, and benzodioxane, and evaluated their antibacterial activities. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of these compounds were determined against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli K1 with various concentrations of the drugs. Moreover, the ability of the bacteria to bind/associate to host cells was also ascertained in the absence and presence of aforementioned compounds. Results: The results revealed that porphyrin derivative (AYTHPP) had potent effects against MRSA, abolishing viability and blocking binding to the host cells. Importantly, novel AYTHPP exhibited powerful effects against MRSA even though it was not photoactivated. In contrast, other compounds, including naphthalene diimide, acetamol derivatives and benzodioxane, showed no inhibitory effects. Conclusion: The mechanism of action of porphyrin is likely through the production of reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and/or necrosis via perturbations in the plasma membrane. Future studies will determine their in vivo efficacy together will associated molecular mode of action.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Leaves ofAlchonea Cordifolia

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. George ◽  
I. B. Obot ◽  
A. N. Ikot ◽  
A. E. Akpan ◽  
N. O. Obi-Egbedi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The phytochemistry ofAchornea cordifolialeaf extract using different solvents was studied using standard methods. The effects of the leaf extract on some pathogenic bacteria and fungi were also examined. The Phytochemical screening of the leaves shows the presence of useful ethno-botanical bioactive substances such as tannin, saponin, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and anthraquinone, while alkaloid, phlobatanin and terpene also tested for were absent. The butanol fraction of the extract gives the highest zone of inhibition (13.0 mm) againstStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coliandpseudomonas aeruginosa, which are in parity. The control, gentamycin injection gives 12.5 mm, 11.0 mm and 12.0 mm respective zones of inhibition against theStaphylococcus aureus, Eschariclia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, the butanol fraction of the extract shows highest zone of inhibition of 17.0 mm againstCandida albican, while ethanolic extract gives 13.0 mm zone of inhibition againstTrichophyton violaceum.

scholarly journals Lipidation of Temporin-1CEb Derivatives as a Tool for Activity Improvement, Pros and Cons of the Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6679
Author(s):  
Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus ◽  
Emilia Sikorska ◽  
Dariusz Wyrzykowski ◽  
Aleksandra Walewska ◽  
Anna Golda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Biofilm Development

The alarming raise of multi-drug resistance among human microbial pathogens makes the development of novel therapeutics a priority task. In contrast to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), besides evoking a broad spectrum of activity against microorganisms, could offer additional benefits, such as the ability to neutralize toxins, modulate inflammatory response, eradicate bacterial and fungal biofilms or prevent their development. The latter properties are of special interest, as most antibiotics available on the market have limited ability to diffuse through rigid structures of biofilms. Lipidation of AMPs is considered as an effective approach for enhancement of their antimicrobial potential and in vivo stability; however, it could also have undesired impact on selectivity, solubility or the aggregation state of the modified peptides. In the present work, we describe the results of structural modifications of compounds designed based on cationic antimicrobial peptides DK5 and CAR-PEG-DK5, derivatized at their N-terminal part with fatty acids with different lengths of carbon chain. The proposed modifications substantially improved antimicrobial properties of the final compounds and their effectiveness in inhibition of biofilm development as well as eradication of pre-formed 24 h old biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The most active compounds (C5-DK5, C12-DK5 and C12-CAR-PEG-DK5) were also potent against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strain and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both experimental and in silico methods revealed strong correlation between the length of fatty acid attached to the peptides and their final membranolytic properties, tendency to self-assemble and cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antihypercholesterolemic Activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582090485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Laiba Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Atta-ul-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Multidrug resistance has increased globally in the communities. Bacterial infections associated with health care have weakened the existing antimicrobial therapy and demand the search for alternative therapies. In the present investigation, the medicinal plant Pulicaria gnaphalodes from Quetta, Pakistan, has been screened for antimicrobial potential. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of P gnaphalodes extracts (methanol and ethanol) was quantitatively evaluated on the basis of zone of inhibition against different bacteria and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In vivo, antihypercholesterolemic activity is determined in different rat groups. The results of the study indicated that the ethanol extract of P gnaphalodes showed maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis of 12.1 ± 1.1 mm from all others. The methanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus of 11.9 ± 1.0 mm and rifampicin showed maximum zone of inhibition of 23.1 ± 0.9 mm. The results of ethanol and methanol extract of P gnaphalodes against different bacteria revealed that this plant has greater antimicrobial activity. However, the plant extract shows nonsignificant antihypercholesterolemic activity. The extract of this plant can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several infections caused by some bacterial pathogens found in human body.

scholarly journals THE COMBINATORIAL EFFECTS OF Azadirachta indica LEAF EXTRACTS WITH AMIKACIN AND TETRACYCLINE AGAINST CLINICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Spl-1- GCSGD_2020) ◽  
pp. S133-S138
Author(s):  
L.A. Sivasamugham ◽  
◽  
K. Tze Sin ◽  
K. Thrumaran ◽  
G. Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Antibiotic-resistance is a major threat in the treatment of diseases caused by resistant bacteria. Combination of plant extracts with antibiotics can serve as an alternative to antibiotics. Azadirachta indica (neem plant) has many antimicrobial properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and flavonoids. In this study, the combinatorial effects of neem leaf extracts with amikacin and tetracycline against eight clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens were investigated using the agar well diffusion assay. Synergistic effect of neem leaf extract and tetracycline was observed against Propionibacterium acnes, Bacillus subtilis, and S. pneumoniae with a significant enlargement (p<0.05) in the diameter of the zone of inhibition. However, the same combination showed insignificant inhibition against S. faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The neem leaf extract-amikacin combination showed insignificant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An antagonistic effect was observed when Bacillus subtilis was exposed to the same combination as there was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the zone of inhibition. This study suggests the potential development of the neem leaf extract-tetracycline combination as an antibacterial agent against P. acnes, B. subtilis, and S. pneumoniae. However, this preliminary data requires further investigation and test on a wider range of clinical isolates to make a more decisive conclusion. The antagonistic effect of the neem leaf extract and amikacin suggests that the individual agents are potent as antibacterial agents than the combination.

Acyclovir Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Based Cream: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EL- Assal I. A. ◽  
Retnowati .
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Dermal Delivery

Objective of the present investigation was enthused by the possibility to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of hydrophilic drug acyclovir. Also study vitro and vivo drug delivery. Methods: Drug loaded SLNs (ACV-SLNs) were prepared by high pressure homogenization of aqueous surfactant solutions containing the drug-loaded lipids in the melted or in the solid state with formula optimization study (Different lipid concentration, drug loaded, homogenization / stirring speed and compritol 888ATO: drug ratio). ACV - SLN incorporated in cream base. The pH was evaluated and rheological study. Drug release was evaluated and compared with simple cream- drug, ACV – SLN with compritol 888ATO and marketed cream. The potential of SLN as the carrier for dermal delivery was studied. Results: Particle size analysis of SLNs prove small, smooth, spherical shape particle ranged from 150 to 200 nm for unloaded and from 330 to 444 nm for ACV loaded particles. The EE% for optimal formula is 72% with suitable pH for skin application. Rheological behavior is shear thinning and thixotropic. Release study proved controlled drug release for SLNs especially in formula containing compritol88 ATO. Stability study emphasized an insignificant change in SLNs properties over 6 month. In-vivo study showed significantly higher accumulation of ACV in stratum corneum, dermal layer, and receptor compartment compared with blank skin. Conclusion: AVC-loaded SLNs might be beneficial in controlling drug release, stable and improving dermal delivery of antiviral agent(s).

Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) Effectively Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Invitro Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Agnina Listya Anggraini ◽  
Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti ◽  
Anny Thuraidah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Initial Stage

Infection is a disease caused by the presence of pathogenic microbes, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has chemical contents such as allicin, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, which can function as an antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study aims to determine the antibacterial properties of garlic extract powder against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This research is the initial stage of the development of herbal medicines to treat Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infections. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by the liquid dilution method. The concentrations used were 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL and 70 mg/mL. The results showed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 40 mg/mL and 50 mg / mL. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) results for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are 50 mg/mL and 70 mg/mL. Based on the Simple Linear Regression test, the R2 value of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is 0.545 and 0.785, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of garlic extract powder on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by 54.5% and 78.5%. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract powder has potential as herbal medicine against bacterial infections but requires further research to determine its effect in vivo.

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