THREE SPOT GOURAMI (Trichogaster trichopterus) FOOD HABITS IN THE KOMERING RIVER'S DOWNSTREAM, SOUTH SUMATERA

One of the downstream areas of the Komering River with potential for capture fisheries is Sungai Dua Village. One of the types of fish caught by fishermen in Sungai Dua is the three spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus). The three spot gourami fish is a type of freshwater consumption fish that has high economic value. But the fishes only rely on catches from nature. If the fishing is carried out continuously, without domestication and cultivation, it will cause a decline in the fish population. The research about the biological aspects of red-eye septic fish (Trichogaster trichopterus) which include food habits, relationship length and weight, condition factors and stomach fullness index. This research was conducted from April to June 2017. Sampling was carried out in the downstream waters of the Komering River in Sungai Dua Village, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. Fish samples were analyzed at the Animal Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Sriwijaya University. The determination of stations in sampling was carried out using multiple sampling methods, namely purposive sampling and quota sampling. The result of this research showed that (1) the Cyanophyta is the main food for the three spot gourami, Diatomae and Desmidiacae as a complementary food, while the additional foods are Rhizopoda, Chlorophyta, Ostracoda, and Entomostraca, (2) The growth pattern of red-eyed fish is negative allometric with a b value of -2 (b <3), the increase in length is faster than the weight gain, (3) The highest condition factor value is found in the size range 6.01-7.00 cm of 23.25 gr / cm and the lowest condition factor value is in the size range 5.01-6.00 cm of 0.62 gr / cm, and (4) The highest hull fullness index value of the red eye sepat fish hull is in the size range 7.01-8.00 cm at 32.86% and the lowest hull fullness index value at the size range 8.01-9.00 cm is 2.05% .

Diet-cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index (DCHI) - a Novel, Comprehensive Index for Children; Rational and Development

Background:Tailored, realistic dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. Appropriate diet analysis forms the bases for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, a very few tools are available for researchers or clinicians to assess children’s diet, as it relates to caries risk. To best of our knowledge an index that helps clinician to reduce composite diet dairy information to a simple quantifiable interpretation is lacking. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and health-fullness of child’s diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in prevention of Dental caries.Methods:A team comprised of specialist from Division of Pediatric dentistry, Community medicine and Diet and Nutrition along with a pilot parent-child population of number 50 were involved in initial structuring of Diet-Cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index. To obtain cut off values for cariogenicity of diet score a study was carried out with sample of 774 children correlating diet dairy with caries status. The receiver operating characteristic curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied for statestical analysis.Results:Receiver Operating Characteristic curves plotted was 22.5 for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95.Conclusions:The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet-Cariogenicity and Health-fullness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and health-fullness of child’s diet objectively so as to guide the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification.

Relative condition factor and food and feeding of Jones' pony fish Eubleekeria jonesi (James, 1971) from Mandapam waters, Tamil Nadu, India

The relative condition factor (Kn) based on length-weight relationship and food and feeding habits of Jones’ pony fish Eubleekeria jonesi (James, 1971) off Mandapam waters was studied during December 2016 - April 2018. The Kn values showed variations on a monthly basis with maximum value during September (1.23) for male and March (1.53) for female. Analysis of fullness of stomach of 961 samples within the size range of 51-130 mm revealed 40.87% fishes as actively fed, 36.19% as moderately fed and remaining 22.94% as poorly fed. The monthly mean fullness index (FI) was highest during September for both sexes. Highest gonadosomatic index (GSI), vacuity index (VI) and Kn value were observed during March-April in females, probably indicating a spawning peak and hence meagre feeding, which resulted in lowest fullness index (FI). Fishes of smallest length group (51-70 mm) had highest FI and minimum VI and vice versa. The values of index of relative importance (IRI) indicated that the species was planktivorous as well as detritivorous, with top priority towards crustaceans (27.6%) followed by bivalves (23.6%), foraminifera (15.4%), phytoplankton (12.5%), gastropods (9.1%) and nematodes (8.3%) in the gut contents. Diet did not show significant variation either sex-wise or size-wise.

Biological Aspect of Bullet Tuna Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) in the Makassar Strait, West Sulawesi, Indonesia

The objectives of the present study were to determine the size distribution, growth pattern, feeding habit and stomach fullness index of bullet tuna Auxis rochei in the Makassar Strait, West Sulawesi. The research was conducted for six months between March and August 2017. Sampling collection was carried out using the handline technique. A total of 2160 fish were caught. Their total length ranged from 15.8 to 28.5 cm and weight ranged from 52.3 to 366.5 g. The total length of male fish ranged from 18.5 to 28.5 cm and weight ranged from 77.5 to 366.5 g. The total length of female fish ranged from 15.8 to 27.5 cm and weight ranged from 52.3 to 328.8 g. The growth pattern of bullet tuna for both male and female fish was classified into a positive allometry (b>3); the type of food found in the fish gut consisted of crustacean (12.50% to 25.64%), chepalopods (7.32 to 34.80%) and unidentified (47.69 to 64.51%), respectively. Nonetheless, the predominant food condition was not identified and in the gut there was generally no food present. The stomach fullness index ranged from 1.13% to 7.18%, ¾ (12.11 to 15.74%), ½ (12.27 to 23.14%) and empty (59.26 to 65.74%). The length size distribution of male bullet tuna was larger than the female with a positive allometric growth pattern. However, the growth pattern of male and female bullet tuna statistically showed no difference.

FOOD HABITS OF LUNDU FISH (Mystus gulio Hamilton, 1822) IN THE WATERS OF SUNGAI DUA (TWO RIVERS) VILLAGE, RAMBUTAN DISTRICT, BANYUASIN REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA

The research about food habits of Lundu fish (Mystus gulio Hamilton, 1822) in the waters of Sungai Dua (Two Rivers) Village, Rambutan District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The sampling was conducted in five times in December 2016; January, February, March and April 2017. Identification of the samples was in Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya.The purpose of the research was to analyze the food habits of Mystus gulio Hamilton, determine the relationship of length-weight, determine the conditions, analyze the gastric fullness index. The results of this research showed that the food habits of Mystus gulio Hamilton is plankton, like Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Diatomae, Desmidiacae, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta, Ciliata, Rhizopoda, Rotaria, and Entomostraca.

Feeding ecology of Serrapinnus notomelas (Characiformes: Cheirodontinae) in small forest streams in the Machado River basin, Rondônia, Brazil

ABSTRACT Studies on the trophic structure of fish give information on species autoecology and their role in the ecosystem. The aims of this study were to characterize the diet of Serrapinnus notomelas in small streams of the River Machado basin and to assess the effect of rainfall seasonality. Fish were collected bimonthly from July 2013 to May 2014 with seine nets and hand nets. The length of each specimen was measured to identify category classes. There were also measured the fullness index and volume of each ingested item, and these data were combined to obtain an alimentary index. We used ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis to test for differences between length classes and fullness index, Chi-squared tests to detect seasonal differences in origin of food items and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis to examine temporal variation in diet. We found that most of the specimens were longer than 20 mm, showing a polymodal distribution. In both seasons stomachs of most fish were full. Serrapinnus notomelas feeds on items of plant and animal origin. A higher consumption of aquatic macrophytes and algae was observed, suggesting omnivorous feeding behavior with a tendency to herbivory. Items of plant and autochthonous origin were consumed more than other items in both seasons, and consumption of animal and autochthonous items varied between seasons. These results reinforce the idea that S. notomelas show trophic plasticity between seasons.

Selective feeding by pelagic fish in the Belgian part of the North Sea

Pelagic fish and their planktonic prey are susceptible to a changing climate, giving rise to mismatches and planktonic bottlenecks. A detailed examination of the feeding ecology of pelagic fish can provide valuable insights in the causes and consequences of these phenomena. The present study investigated the diets of both juvenile and adult herring, sprat, horse mackerel, and adult mackerel in the Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS) in relation to the distribution of zooplankton and ambient abiotic conditions. A study sampling pelagic fish and zooplankton simultaneously every month during consecutive years, and spanning nearshore to offshore sampling locations, is unprecedented in the southern North Sea. In all, 71 prey taxa were found in 725 stomachs of fish gathered at ten stations, sampled monthly in 2009 and 2010. The proportion of fish with empty stomachs was low (11%), and the number of prey species ranged from 0 to 21 sp. per stomach. The diet of herring and sprat was dominated by calanoid copepods, but herring stomachs also contained many decapod larvae, amphipods, cumaceans, and mysids. Mackerel added sandeels to an otherwise planktivorous diet. Horse mackerel consumed both benthic and pelagic prey. The highest frequency of occurrence in the stomachs was observed for the calanoid copepods Temora longicornis (33 408 of all 55 004 prey items identified) and Centropages hamatus (5003 times found). The fullness index ranged between 0 and 20.6, and averaged highest for sprat (0.86), followed by herring (0.60), horse mackerel (0.26), and mackerel (0.24). We observed a different composition of zooplankton species and life stages in the plankton samples compared with those in the fish stomachs. More adult and female copepods were eaten than the plankton samples would suggest. Also, the calanoid copepod Acartia clausi, the most common calanoid species in the BPNS, was barely eaten, as was the case for fish eggs and larvae, and for common planktonic species known to be preyed upon elsewhere (e.g. Oikopleura dioica, Evadne nordmanni, Euterpina acutifrons). Additionally, plankton densities averaged highest in spring and at midshore (20–30 km from shore) stations, but fullness index was highest nearshore (<12 km from shore) and (apart from sprat) in summer. A significant correlation between fullness index and total density of planktonic prey species was not observed, indicating that zooplankton densities were not restrictive. Yet the fact that more than 100 plankton species occurred in the plankton samples and just two of these (T. longicornis and C. hamatus) accounted for nearly three-quarters of all ingested prey items leads us to conclude that even minor changes in the ecology or phenology of these dominant zooplankters could have profound effects on pelagic fish stocks.

Diets of, and trophic resources exploited by, bathyal penaeoidean shrimps from the western Mediterranean

The stomach contents of 115 specimens of Aristaeomorpha foliacea, 67 specimens of Parapenaeus longirostris, and 122 specimens of Solenocera membranacea were examined to establish the composition of the diets. All material was collected by bottom trawls at depths between 198 and 590 m in the Catalan Sea during 1991-93. S. membranacea and P. longirostris had highly diversified diets based mainly on benthic organisms (polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods and echinoderms). In addition, the diet of P. longirostris also included suprabenthic organisms (mainly gammarid amphipods) and a small proportion of pelagic organisms. These two penaeoidean species had high stomach fullness index values. Both trophic diversity and stomach fullness index values were lower in A. foliacea than in the other two penaeoidean species. A. foliacea is a highly specialized feeder on pelagic and suprabenthic organisms (i.e. euphausiids, isopods, Plesionika martia). Thus, a disparity in the food resources exploited was recorded for the three penaeoidean species. Analysis of the diets of Mediterranean bathyal penaeoideans yielded characteristically high values of H' of around 5 or above, substantially higher than the values for other bathyal decapod species in the same region. This finding may be generally typical of penaeoidean species in other geographical regions in both the bathyal and the abyssal zones as well as in shallow waters.