TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS TERHADAP AKTA YANG DIBATALKAN AKIBAT ADANYA PENGGUNAAN KUASA MUTLAK DALAM JUAL BELI TANAH TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS TERHADAP AKTA YANG DIBATALKAN AKIBAT ADANYA PENGGUNAAN KUASA MUTLAK DALAM JUAL BELI TANAH [NOTARY RESPONSIBILITY REGARDING CANCELLATION OF A DEED DUE TO THE USE OF ABSOLUTE POWER OF ATTORNEY IN THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF LAND]

<p>In a land sale and purchase transaction, if the conditions for making a Sale and Purchase Deed by a Land Deed Official cannot be fulfilled, the parties can make a Commitment of Sale and Purchase Agreement by a Notary as a preliminary agreement to bind the parties. In practice, the making of a Commitment of Sale and Purchase Agreement is often accompanied by Absolute Power of Attorney which cannot be revoked. This Absolute Power of Attorney often creates legal problems because its use is prohibited by the prevailing laws and regulations. The formulation of the problems studied in this research mainly concerns about the regulation of the Notary’s authority in making deeds that use Absolute Power of Attorney in land sale and purchase transactions and the Notary’s responsibility regarding cancellation of a deed due to the use of Absolute Power of Attorney. The research methods used are juridical normative with empirical juridical support. Research results show that Notary is authorized to make a Commitment of Sale and Purchase Agreement accompanied by Absolute Power of Attorney. In addition, the Notary cannot be sued to give a responsibility for the cancellation of the deed. According to the law, making of the deed is valid. This is because the use of Absolute Power of Attorney is not a prohibited act, as long as its use meets the requirements stipulated by statutory regulations and based on legally justifiable reasons.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>Dalam rangka pelaksanaan jual beli tanah, apabila syarat-syarat pembuatan Akta Jual Beli di hadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah belum dapat dipenuhi, maka biasanya akan dibuat Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) di hadapan Notaris sebagai perjanjian pendahuluan untuk mengikat para pihak. Pada pembuatan PPJB dengan objek tanah, biasanya terdapat pemberian kuasa yang berisi ketentuan tidak dapat dicabut kembali atau dikenal sebagai kuasa mutlak. Pemberian kuasa mutlak ini sering menimbulkan permasalahan yang berakibat akta menjadi batal demi hukum karena penggunaannya merupakan hal yang dilarang oleh peraturan yang berlaku. Rumusan permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini pada pokoknya menyangkut pengaturan tentang kewenangan Notaris dalam pembuatan akta yang menggunakan kuasa mutlak dalam transaksi jual beli tanah dan tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap akta yang dibatalkan karena menggunakan kuasa mutlak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan dukungan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Notaris berwenang untuk membuat PPJB yang disertai dengan pemberian kuasa mutlak. Selain itu, Notaris tidak dapat dituntut untuk memberikan pertanggungjawaban atas dibatalkannya akta yang dibuatnya. Secara hukum, pembuatan akta tersebut adalah sah. Sebab, pemberian kuasa mutlak bukan merupakan tindakan yang dilarang, sepanjang penggunaannya memenuhi syarat-syarat yang ditentukan oleh peraturan perundang-undangan dan memiliki alasan yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum.</p>

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMBELI TANAH YANG KEHILANGAN HAK AKIBAT JUAL BELI ATAS TANAH YANG PERNAH MENJADI OBJEK SENGKETA PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA [LEGAL PROTECTION FOR LAND BUYERS WHO LOSE RIGHTS AS A RESULT OF THE SALE AND PURCHASE OF LAND THAT WAS ONCE AN OBJECT OF A DISPUTE IN THE STATE ADMINISTRATIVE COURT]

<p>The land was the state's authority to govern the giving and use of land to the people so that the land would be used for the greatest measure of civic prosperity requiring a sure law and protection of the law among peoples. While wisdom regarding land civilty governed by the state exists in reality often does not establish order and certainty of law. For example the case example on ruling Supreme Court number 658 PK/Pdt/2017 in the two hedges of the same land as the different rights, Dirman was using the building rights and John as his property which turned John's property into an object of dispute at the State Enterprises Court. How can legal protection be provided for land buyers who lost their rights through land sale that was once an object of national governance court dispute at the State Enterprises Court? How would the deed of ownership of the deed of the land deed be formed between bacce and Gunadi and Gunadi and John? The authors examine the problem using normative legal methods and use interviews as backup data. Studies reveal that legal protection is obtained if land buyers can prove their rights in court and Land deed deed official only responsible for the purchase papers made between Gunadi and John because they were consciously created that the land was in dispute over the state governance court.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>Tanah merupakan kewenangan Negara untuk mengatur pemberian dan penggunaan tanah kepada masyarakat agar tanah dimanfaatkan bagi pencapaian sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat dengan tuntutan kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hukum antar masyarakat. Meskipun kebijaksanaan mengenai kemanfaatan tanah yang diatur oleh negara ada tetap saja dalam realita sering tidak terjadinya ketertiban dan kepastian hukum. Seperti contoh kasus pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 658 PK/Pdt/2017 yaitu terbitnya dua sertipikat atas tanah yang sama dengan hak yang berbeda, Dirman Pardosi dengan Hak Guna Bangunan dan John dengan Hak Miliknya yang ternyata tanah milik John sedang menjadi objek sengketa di PTUN. Bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli tanah yang kehilangan hak akibat jual beli atas tanah yang pernah menjadi objek sengketa PTUN? Bagaimana bentuk tanggung jawab PPAT terhadap akta jual beli yang dibuat antara Bacce dengan Gunadi dan Gunadi dengan John Tandiari? Penulis meneliti masalah tersebut dengan menggunakan metode hukum normatif dan menggunakan wawancara sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perlindungan hukum akan didapatkan jika pembeli tanah dapat membuktikan hak mereka di Pengadilan dan PPAT bertanggung jawab hanya pada akta jual beli yang dibuat antara Gunadi dan John karena dibuat secara sadar bahwa tanah sedang dalam sengketa PTUN.</p>

STRATEGIES DES ACTEURS FACE A L’ENREGISTREMENT DES CONVENTIONS DE VENTE DES TERRES A L’AGENCE NATIONALE DU DOMAINE ET DU FONCIER AU BENIN / STAKEHOLDERS’ STRATEGIES WITH REGARD TO THE REGISTRATION OF LAND SALE AGREEMENTS AT THE “AGENCE NATIONALE DU DOMAINE ET DU FONCIER”, BÉNIN

Dans une logique de sécurisation foncière en République du Bénin, l’Etat a créé, conformément au code foncier et domanial, une agence d’enregistrement des conventions de vente des terres et de délivrance du certificat foncier. En raison de l’application de la loi des finances à partir de janvier 2020, les propriétaires terriens ont été contraints d’enregistrer leurs actes fonciers jusqu’au 31 décembre 2019, période de grâce après laquelle les enregistrements devront être payants. Cette réforme foncière, au lieu d’être favorablement accueillie par toutes les catégories sociales, se voit opposer des stratégies de contournement de la part des propriétaires terriens. En postulant que les stratégies mises en avant pour contourner le dispositif légal d’enregistrement des conventions de vente des terres sont co-construites avec les acteurs institutionnels habilités à appliquer les textes, ce papier tente d’analyser cette situation paradoxale. Pour y parvenir, l’observation participante et l’entretien individuel semi-structuré réalisé avec 10 acteurs sélectionnés de façon raisonnée ont été utilisés. Les données empiriques collectées ont été traitées à l’aide de l’analyse de contenu et de la triangulation. Les résultats, analysés avec la théorie du contournement et du jeux des acteurs, révèlent que les acquéreurs de parcelles et les propriétaires de terres développement des stratégies de contournement du dispositif légal d’enregistrement des conventions de vente pour minimiser les coûts qu’implique l’application de la loi des finances 2020. Ce contournement est facilité par les acteurs institutionnels à charge de l’opérationnalisation de la réforme foncière ; ce qui conduit à l’inachèvement juridique en matière d’application du code foncier et domanial. With a view to securing land tenure in the Republic of Benin, the State has created, in accordance with the land and state code, an agency for the registration of agreements for the sale of land and for the issuance of the land certificate. Due to the application of the finance law from January 2020, landowners were forced to register their land deeds until December 31, 2019, a grace period after which registrations must be paid. This land reform, instead of being favorably received by all social categories, is opposed by circumvention strategies on the part of the landowners. By postulating that the strategies put forward to bypass the legal system for registering land sale agreements are co-constructed with the institutional actors empowered to apply the texts, this paper attempts to analyze this paradoxical situation. To achieve this, participant observation and semi-structured individual interview carried out with 10 actors selected in a reasoned manner were used. The empirical data collected was processed using content analysis and triangulation. The results, analyzed with the theory of circumvention and the game of actors, reveal that the purchasers of plots and the owners of land develop strategies of circumvention of the legal device of recording of the agreements of sale to minimize the costs involved application of the 2020 finance law. This circumvention is facilitated by the institutional actors responsible for the operationalization of the land reform; which leads to legal incompleteness in the application of the land and state code. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0873/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Aspek Hukum Pengikatan Jual Beli Tanah Petok D Menurut Kuhperdata

Land is an important thing in the life of the Indonesian nation. One way to obtain land is through buying and selling. Sale and purchase of land rights as set forth in Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. the fulfillment of all requirements relating to the sale and purchase in the presence of a notary then found a legal breakthrough and up to now still be done in the practice of buying and selling land that is made with the deed of binding sale and purchase agreement (PPJB) although the contents have been set about the sale and purchase of land but the new format limited binding of sale and purchase is a form of agreement which is or can be regarded as preliminary agreement. This study is a type of normative legal research ie research where in which researchers review the study documents that use various secondary data such as judicial decision legislation, legal theory. Based on the results of research First Characteristics of land sale and purchase agreement with the status of petok D following the general provisions of the law of agreement as set forth in Article 1457 of the Civil Code. It's just that the object of sale and purchase of land with the status of petok D, then apply the procedure agreement by using provisions that are more specific that is based on Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on land registration. Second The effect of the law on the parties if one party has defaulted in the binding of the land sale and purchase agreement with the status of petok D according to the Civil Code is canceled so that it is made based on Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 due to the seller can not fulfill its obligation. Keywords : Sale and purchase land of petok D, binding sale and purchase agreement. ABSTRAK Tanah adalah hal yang penting dalam kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu cara memperoleh tanah adalah melalui jual beli. Jual beli hak atas tanah seperti yang telah diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah.pemenuhan terhadap semua persyaratan yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan jual beli di hadapan notaris maka ditemukan suatu terobosan hukum dan hingga kini masih dilakukan dalam praktek jual beli tanah yaitu dengan dibuatnya akta pengikatan perjanjian jual beli (PPJB) meskipun isinya sudah mengatur tentang jual beli tanah namun formatnya baru sebatas pengikatan jual beli yaitu suatu bentuk perjanjian yang merupakan atau dapat dikatakan sebagai perjanjian pendahuluan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif yakni penelitian dimana didalamnya peneliti mengkaji studi dokumen yakni menggunakan berbagai data sekunder seperti perundang-undangan keputusan pengadilan, teori hukum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian PertamaKarakteristik perjanjian jual beli tanah yang berstatus petok D mengikuti ketentuan umum hukum perjanjian sebagaimana yang telah diatur didalam Pasal 1457 KUHPerdata. Hanya saja obyek jual beli tanah berstatus petok D maka diberlakukan tata cara perjanjian dengan menggunakan ketentuan yang sifatnya lebih khusus yaitu berpedoman pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 tentang pendaftaran tanah.Kedua Akibat hukum terhadap para pihak apabila salah satu pihak melakukan wanprestasi dalam pengikatan perjanjian jual beli tanah yang berstatus petok D menurut KUHPerdata dibatalkan sehingga yang dibuat berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 1997 akibat penjual tidak dapat memenuhi kewajibannya.Kata Kunci : Jual beli tanah petok D, Perjanjian Pengikatan jual beli.

Nubica onomastica miscellanea V: Reedition of two Old Nubian lists of names from Qasr Ibrim

Unlike previous instalments of the ‘Nubica onomastica miscellanea’-series which focused on correcting single names or phrases in Nubian texts, its fifth part brings the complete reedition of two more substantial texts originally published by Giovanni Ruffini. The former is a list of witnesses to a deed of land sale (P. Qasr Ibrim IV 65) and the latter an account (P. Qasr Ibrim IV 80). While the main subject of the paper are personal names that can be found in the two documents, other elements, such as grammar, lexicon, and – especially for P. Qasr Ibrim IV 80 – the matter of the document are also duly treated. By identifying ghost-names in Ruffini’s edition and proposing the identification of new Old Nubian substantives, the paper enhances our knowledge about the vocabulary of the language. Last but not least, the new interpretation of P. Qasr Ibrim IV 80, which – for the first time in medieval Nubia – appears to explicitly state the value of certain commodities in dirhams, is an important contribution to the studies on the monetisation of Nubian economy.

A BASIC LAND SALE AGREEMENT SOFTWARE: EXPLOITING ICT IN LEGAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

The use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has permeated every profession, sector and facet of life. Although it has been slow in its application to legal practice in Nigeria, the prospect of ICT in law is promising and unending and it has resulted in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Law. AI and Law has many branches of which legal document automation forms an important part with high applications to drafting agreements. The paper examines the functionality of a programme written by the first author that automatically generates land sale agreements between natural persons, with the aim of ascertaining if the programme conforms with the appropriate provision of applicable laws. The paper examines the laws applicable to land sale agreements in Nigeria and finds that the document produced by the programme conforms with the provisions of these Laws. The paper also examines the issues that may arise in the use of the programme or similar programmes.

Study on the Characteristics of Genealogy Contract Documents in Qing Dynasty

According to the data collected from the genealogical contract documents from the Qing Dynasty to 1949, the genealogical contract documents were first published in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and the contract documents clearly stated that the genealogical contract documents should be published in the Qianlong period. However, the surviving amount of genealogical deed documents is less than one thousandth of the existing genealogy. It is estimated that the surviving amount of genealogical deed documents is less than 5000. As for the type of genealogical contract document, it is roughly the same as the type of scattered contract document, mainly land sale contract document, and genealogical contract document is related to the interests of the clan. The main purpose of the contract in the genealogy is to protect the interests of the family property from loss, so as to maintain the permanent existence of the family property.

Legal Consequences of The Discrepancy on Construction of Land Sale And Purchase Deed Towards The Procedure For Dedication (Analysis of The Jurisdiction of The Supreme Court Number-967k/Pdt/2010)

The purpose of this study was to determine the legal consequences and causative factors which lead the construction of land sale and purchase deed was not in accordance with procedures based on analysis of the Supreme Court's decision number-967K/Pdt/2010. In this case it is known that the factor that cause the land dispute is due to PPAT did not pre-check at the Land Office regarding the suitability of land rights certificate, the construction of PPAT deed was not attended by the parties who carried out the concerned legal act and was not witnessed by at least two witnesses who, according to the provisions of prevailing regulations, and did not read the deed to the concerned parties. With regards to the case that the construction of land sale and purchase deed was not in accordance with related procedure, it is necessary to receive legal consequences in the form of: PPAT can be dishonorably dismissed from his position and subject to administrative sanctions without reducing the possibility of being sued for compensation by parties who suffer losses and resulted in the degradation of the power of proof becomes a private deed because it does not meet the requirements determined by law and or other regulations.

Tanggung Jawab Notaris dan PPAT Terkait Dengan Akta Jual Beli Tanah

Thus this paper’s purpose is to find out and review the duties, authorities of notaries and PPAT and to know and study about the responsibilities of notaries and PPAT in relation to the land sale and purchase deed they have made. The research method uses normative juridical. The results of this research state that notaries and PPATs are public officials who have an important function in making authentic deeds related to legal issues regarding land rights and ownership rights to apartment units and the responsibility of notaries and PPAT is responsible for the sale and purchase deeds made which causes deliberate loss and liability for unintentional losses, both civil and administrative. Abstrak Adapun tujuan dari tulisan ini yakni untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji tentang tugas, wewenang notaris dan PPAT dan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji tentang tanggung jawab notaris dan PPAT terkait dengan akta jual beli tanah yang dibuatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil riset ini menyatakan bahwa notaris dan PPAT ialah pejabat umum yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam membuat akta otentik terkait tentang persoalan hukum terhadap Hak atas tanah dan Hak Milik atas satuan rumah susun dan tanggung jawab notaris serta PPAT adalah bertanggung jawab atas akta jual beli tanah yang dibuat yang menyebabkan terjadinya kerugian yang disengaja dan tanggung jawab terjadinya kerugian yang tidak disengaja baik secara perdata dan administratif.