A hunam is the body of social being: divercity of collective socio-historical memory frameworks

Reflecting some contemporary trends social environment, the author underlines some of them which have increased the level of memory studies discussion. The paper reflects a trend of the postmodern pluralism field, where the social memory is defined as an object for free constructing. The alternative philosophical approach demands to rethink this pluralism by the decision of methodological choice towards memo philosophy which climes the idea of fundamental mission of social memory for social history and future development.

Action research and its contributions to methodological science: general aspects

Due to the increase in popularity and the possibility of using action research, the instrument began to be used significantly, but with a concept not yet consolidated, the term has been applied in an abstract way, without deep and detailed interpretations of the use in various contexts. It is intended to clarify throughout this article the meaning of the term, and how this type of instrument can be applied in the best way, acting within the sphere of scientific-methodological rigor. The research problem is: what are the possibilities of using action research, its stages and fundamental care? The relevance of the tool lies in the fact that it allows the conduct of a research in a systematized, continuous and empirically based manner. Thus, it will be discussed about the role of theory in action research and the characteristics inherent to its fundamental phases will be pointed out. Some common questions related to the method, such as the participation of the researcher, the social function of reflection, the need to manage the acquired knowledge and ethics in research should be considered. Finally, some action research “models” are presented that can contribute to researchers in methodological choice and organization.

Introduction

Training and supervision have been cited as integral aspects to well-functioning community health worker (CHW) programmes. This chapter initially outlines the rationale for this book, discussing the global health equity gap, the roles of CHWs, the need for CHW training and supervision, and the role technology can play in these. The chapter then introduces the main sections of the book: Section One of the book focuses on training and supervision; Section Two explores the intersection of technology and education in the context of CHW training; Section Three investigates how methodological choice can contribute to social justice in CHW programmes and facilitate CHW training in an equitable way; and in Section Four, ethical issues arising from CHW training are discussed.

The Nexus+ approach applied to studies of Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Brazil

This paper aims to present the methodology developed within the Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation (IVA) to climate change component of the Fourth National Communication (4CN) of Brazil. The methodological choice of this 4CN involves the application of the nexus+ integrated approach, based on studies of impacts and vulnerabilities for water, energy, food and socio-environmental securities, in the different in the territories of Brazilian biomes, coastal areas and cities. For each of these securities it were identified the observed impacts; analysis of risk conditions; definition and assessments of integrated analysis of key impacts at territorial level; inventory, selection and analysis of adaption options in the context of Nexus+, identifying synergies and trade-offs. This process made possible an integrated assessment among the conditioning risk factors, impacts and interactions among proposed adaptation options.

Fundamentalist Signals in Volatility Scenarios: Evidence in the Brazilian Stock Market

This article investigates whether the usefulness of fundamentalist signals to predict returns are altered in context of high volatility and also considering the sensitivity of assets to the IVol-BR volatility index. In times of high volatility, investors could make their decisions based on risk aversion and not only on the fundamentals signals of companies. In addition, it is possible to see how different delays in fundamentalist signals are related to future returns. The methodological choice is for estimators in panel data for the analysis of non-financial companies that have shares traded on B3 - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão – in the period from 2011.3Q to 2018.2Q. The results show evidence of changes in the explanatory capacity of fundamentalist signals in different volatility scenarios, and for different sensitivities to IVol-BR. This finding may impact the decision-making of managers and investors as it enables the design of investment strategies based on fundamentalist signals adhering to different risk scenarios.

Perpetrating violence viewed from the perspective of the social sciences: Debates and perspectives

What drives some people to “perpetrate violence”? Why do others, by contrast, not perpetrate violence, even under the same conditions? Do all violent acts involve a radicalization or a dehumanization and degradation of civil relations between subjects, sometimes even between neighbors or even within the same family or community, be it ethnic or national? This special theme gathers contributions from many different geographical areas (mainly Morocco, Syria, Germany, and Rwanda) and from several disciplines (literature, political science, sociology, history) in order to offer keys to understanding the factors that trigger or accelerate the perpetration of violence, but also those that curb or limit it. The reader will also find exhaustive states of the art and case studies on different types of violence (riot, political, paramilitary, genocidal), leading to transversal theorizations that go well beyond dichotomies and old debates. For example, the authors discuss the “old” opposition between a situational and a procedural approach, embodied—not without artifice—by Browning and Goldhagen, or the necessary dehumanization of the enemy generally associated with the study of genocides. Another methodological choice with a strong epistemological implication consisted in not contrasting the recent theories on radicalization with those on extreme violence, and rejecting any obvious determinism between both moments, in order to avoid explaining the perpetration of violence in too facile a way.

A cognitive developmental approach is essential to understanding cumulative technological culture

Osiurak and Reynaud argue that children are not a good methodological choice to examine cumulative technological culture (CTC). However, the paper ignores other current work that suggests that young children do display some aspects of creative problem-solving. We argue that using multiple methodologies and examining how technical-reasoning develops in children will provide crucial support for a cognitive approach to CTC.

The Reality Plan and the Subjective Construction of One's Perception: The Strategic Theoretical Model among Sensations, Perceptions, Defence Mechanisms, Needs, Personal Constructs, Beliefs System, Soc

The strategic theoretical model is mainly based on the patient's perceptive-reactive system and its functioning profiles, putting the typical nosographic descriptions of DSM-V in the background - in clinical practice. This methodological choice is aimed at favouring a more integrated and general approach, enhancing the particular individual components, typical of the patient, far from an excessively rigid approachable only to cage the patient in a scheme that does not value all the nuances of his clinical symptomatology. This model is then integrated with other theories able to fully explain the subjective nature of reality and the re-elaboration of it in a perceptive key.

How Many Kinds of Rhythm Are There?

The universe of possible rhythms comprises a timescape with a timescape embedded within it; that is, the full complement of rhythms that can be imagined engulfs its own subset, namely those rhythms already created or discovered by human agents. But if, in response to the question posed by the title, we endeavor to partition this whole to construct a typology of rhythm, we face from the outset a stark methodological choice. Do we opt to separate out perception and experience to create an abstract rhythm science mapping the terrain of the possible, or do we seek an anthropology of the rhythms humans have made and perceived? Chapter 13 views rhythm’s potential along various continua: via comparison with language, in the development of human culture, in the life of an individual’s experience, perception and cognitive prowess, and in the non-human natural world.