PRINCIPLES AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GARDEN CITY CONCEPT: AN ARCHITECTURAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Tyrchyn B ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
New Phenomena

The article highlights the semantic meaning of the term "garden city", the formation of the garden city concept and its spread in the global architectural space. The question of the influence of the idea of a garden city on the incipience of new phenomena in architecture and urban planning, in particular, the New Urbanism movement, is revealed. Examples of the implemented garden cities outline the factors that can ensure a balance between the nature of the environment and the high urban loads that are characteristic of the present time. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to systematize the available factual and analytical materials for further popularization of the principles, which were established in the garden city concept

scholarly journals Urban planning ideas and concepts that influenced the development of New Urbanism movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulsalam Hanash Al-jaberi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
The Impact

New Urbanism is an urban planning concept aimed at creation of a comfortable urban space, oriented towards human and environment that satisfies the communication needs of citizens, while retaining function of city as a system of effective  development, distribution and augmentation of resources, as well as the impact upon social structure through creation of conditions for communication between people. An ideal city for the adherers of New Urbanism is the one, where is the streets and public spaces are the center of social activity, and environment is adequate to a person. The article explores the urban planning concepts and ideas of the XX century: garden cities movement of Ebenezer Howard, regionalism of Patrick Geddes and Lewis Mumford, idea of neighborhood and superblock of Clarence Perry and Clarence Stein, impact of urban development practice of Jane Jacobs, Léon Krierm, Kevin Lynch and Donald Appleyard, as well as the factors of emergence of the Congress for the New Urbanism. The author examine the fundamental principles of each concept, their key representatives, as well as legacy or rejection of the ideas by the New Urbanism movement. Overall, the concept of New Urbanism suggests the approach towards city planning that is aimed at creation of comfortable urban environment oriented towards people. The New Urbanism movement is called to lay the foundation for sustainable development of urbanized territories, and establish such city planning principles and rearrangement of urban environment, which would be able to ensure high quality of life without damaging the natural framework.

scholarly journals Ebenezer Howard’s garden cities

Sociologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andjelka Mirkov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the garden city concept and its practical contribution to urban planning in the twentieth century. First, Ebenezer Howard?s theoretical views on the city are analyzed, followed by examples illustrating the application of his ideas in England, USA, Russia and Serbia. The purpose is to show how garden cities varied depending on different social contexts.

Brazilian Garden Cities and Suburbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Leão Rego
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Garden City ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Garden Cities

This article discusses some adaptations of the garden-city concept in Brazil and reveals how a foreign physical model was conveniently matched to specific civic purposes. The layout of three planned new towns—Águas de São Pedro, Maringá, and Goiânia—and two garden suburbs (Jardim América and Jardim Shangri-lá) are analyzed along with their planners’ discourses and their representations in the contemporary local press. The analysis reveals that the garden-city concept was used as a path to modernity, a civilizing instrument, and a tool for real-estate venture by involving processes of representation and institutionalization which were different to those at their point of origin.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of the St. Petersburg agglomeration by the beginning of the XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Sergey Sementsov ◽  
Svetozar Zavarikhin ◽  
Yuryi Kurbatov ◽  
Yuryi Pukharenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Environmental Transport ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

The study of the Russian historical St. Petersburg agglomeration at all stages from its foundation (from 1703) until the final imperial stage (1917) required the use of complex functional, urban-planning and landscape, socio-economic, environmental, transport and communication analysis on the basis of data from archives, historical cartography and iconography. The main results were the conclusions that during the XVIII - early XX centuries, there was a crystallization of a huge agglomeration around the city of St. Petersburg, which included three belts: “external”, “middle”, “nearby”, which spatially extended from Yaroslavl (in Central Russia) to Riga (in the Baltic). The paper discusses the features of the formation of the “nearby belt” of agglomeration in the initial (1703 - January 1725) and in the final (1901-1916) development periods. The study revealed a significant role of special types of objects in these processes - estates of the aristocratic society and “garden cities” that provided a belt (around St. Petersburg and the largest settlements and complexes), linear (along radial and ring highways), and nodal (around individual large settlements) construction, spreading in the latitudinal direction from Narva and Ivangorod to the mouth of the Syas river, and in the meridian direction - from Vyborg to the city of Luga. Within the boundaries of this agglomeration zone, four sub-agglomerations had begun to emerge since the 1710s and have fully formed by the 1910s. The materials of the paper can be useful both for historians of urban planning and for modern urbanists.

scholarly journals A CIDADE INDUSTRIAL E SEU REVERSO: AS COMUNIDADES UTÓPICAS DA INGLATERRA VITORIANA

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Meneguello
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Urban Organization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

O presente artigo procura dimensionar o debate sobre as “cidades utópicas”, que comumente confere aos experimentos ingleses do século XIX uma continuidade com as utopias clássicas e certa dose de ineficácia e ingenuidade, procurando ver a positividade contida nas utopias habitacionais. Centrando-se na experiência britânica iniciada com owenismo, passando pelas vilas industriais planejadas e finalizando no ideal da cidade jardim, busca-se ver a comunidade ideal como o reverso da organização industrial da cidade e como uma proposta histórica de ocupação do espaço que é definitiva para a experiência urbana posterior. Abstract This article aims at giving new dimension to the debate on “utopian villages”, that commonly understands the British experiments of the nineteenth-century as a continuation of the classical utopias tinted with a hint of inefficacy and naiveté. On the contrary, this article intends to search for the positive aspects of such utopias. Centering on the British experience of Owenism, studying the model villages and ending on the garden cities, the ideal community is seen as the opposite of the industrial urban organization and as a historical definition of occupation of space, fundamental for urban planning.

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А.Х. Аль-Джабери ◽  
A.A.H. Al'-Dzhaberi ◽  
М. Перькова ◽  
Margarita Perkova ◽  
Н. Иванькина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Design Solutions

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a strategy of urban planning that aims to maximize the efficient use of the territory near the transport hub and facilitate the transition to sustainable development of cities and regions. The research is aimed at studying the emergence and development of TOD as part of New Urbanism concept in the history of urban planning and the most important characteristics of TOD. The typology of transit-oriented development plays an important role in urban planning. Its application simplifies the management of infrastructure projects by applying standards in planning and development, as well as ensuring consistency in various areas. In addition, support for planners, administrative staff and developers is of great importance for development, depending on such characteristics as population density, mixing of functions, ways of movement of citizens, activities, etc. The introduction of typology makes it possible to identify the territory and its users with already existing design solutions or experience for more thorough spatial planning.

scholarly journals INVOLVEMENT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSIDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CITY BUILDING PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (154) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
К. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The 1960S

Social aspects of the formation of architectural complexes in metropolian Kharkov have not yet been analyzed in homeland architectural theory. The study into "Kharkov constructivism", due to unfortunate historical ocurrence, is still in fact at the initial stage. Thesises of Kharkov authors illuminate this phenomenon in general or analyze some of the most significant sights. Approaches to the study of social aspects of architecture and urban development went through several stages. Architectural theory of the late 1940s- the beginning of 1950s was sharply critical of the architectural and urban planning experiments in the 1920s. The XXth century Soviet history of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by ideological rehabilitation of constructivism, including social experiments of the 1920s - early 1930s. A turn from apologetics of the 1960s - 1980s to critical analysis of the architecture and urban development of the avant-garde was indicated at the beginning of 2000s by the studies considering Soviet architectural and urban planning practice in the context of public behavior management as a tool for structuring general population to achieve political goals. Foreign studies into the Soviet avant-garde sprang up in the 1970s - early 1980s affected by Western sociology where architecture began to be viewed as a tool for managing social processes and new types of structures and models of urban planning organization- as “a transition from social to material”. Many studies highlighted the influence of Soviet architectural and urban planning programs of the 1920s and 1930s on the system and structure of public consciousness. There was established that large-scale housing, cultural and domestic construction was carried out as part of the capital's administrative and government center creation programs and the formation of an industrial complex. There were identified four conceptual approaches for housing construction, they were consistently implemented during the realization of the two above-mentioned programs: garden city, communal house, housing complex and social city. In these programs, the concepts of "garden city" and "communal houses" were practically tested and reasonably rejected, and the most productive models were residential complexes and social city. Keywords: social construction, architectural and urban concepts, soviet human, metropolian Kharkov.

scholarly journals HOW WE FAILED TO PLAN FOR HABITABILITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Lik Meng ◽  
Aldrin Abdullah ◽  
Tan Sook Fern ◽  
Nurwati Badarulzaman ◽  
Ahmad Sanusi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Residential Developments

A quality housing development should not only take into account the physical aspects of design but also be sensitive to human needs. Habitability in housing involves several components, including environmental factors, man-made designs, socio-cultural operations and psychological impacts. Elements of habitability can be observed in various concepts of residential developments including classical concepts such as the Garden City Movement and the Neighbourhood Unit. In Malaysia, the Malay Kampung and the Chinese New Village exemplify some ideal living practices relating to habitability. Both the classical and traditional concepts influenced subsequent residential developments in Malaysia such as the Jengka Project, Kampung Tersusun, Town 8, Cyberjaya and Putrajaya. However, not all residential developments succeeded in creating a quality living environment. More recent concepts such as the New Urbanism and the China Healthy Residence have placed greater emphasis in dealing with such issues. In Malaysia, legislations and policies have not adequately addressed the problems on habitability. We lack a thorough planning system, which prepares and monitors the quality of our residential development. Failures in planning policies have also created other planning issues that affect habitability, as portrayed in the case of the Rifle Range Low-cost Flats in Penang. The top-down approach in housing policy andplanning should be geared up to match the growth of community towards achieving habitability.

scholarly journals MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF BISHKEK-FRUNZE-PISHPEK

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Mazmanov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Current State ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

This article presents preliminary results of the analysis of architecture and urban planning in Bishkek, considers its historically developed architectural and planning structure and historical development trends of historical development in order to understand the main problems of the current state of the city and determine its further development.

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