CLASSIFICATION OF WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Background. Today smart watches, fitness bracelets, smart rings are must-have accessory for everyone who cares about their health. It is projected that the average annual growth of the wearable device market in 2021–2026 will be 18 %, which is respectively reflected in this segment of the Ukrainian market. Well-known electronics stores use different approaches to group the range of wearable devices, as there are no single standards to classify these products. The aim of this article is to develop a classification of wearable devices and to identify the classification featuresfor smart watches and fitness bracelets based on the analysis of the assortment presented in online stores. Materials and methods. Methods of logical analysis, generalization of scientific literature, statistical data of export and import of wearable devices were applied. Data on their assortment and grouping in well-known retail chains were used to create a classification. Results. Based on the analysis of the world market of electronic goods and the assortment of well-known retail chains, the authors propose a classification of goods related to wearable devices. In particular, there is a division of wearable devices into 7 groups (wrist devices, head devices, smart clothes, smart shoes, smart jewelry, wearable devices, medical devices), these groups include subgroups, categories and subcategories. Only a few types of wearable devices are sold on the Ukrainian market – smart watches, fitness bracelets, virtual reality glasses and smart rings. However, only two retail chains allocate these products separately in the product group "Wearable Products", the others form a large product group "Gadgets…", which according to the authors is not entirely correct, as the latter differ significantly in purpose and characteristics. Since the range of smart watches and fitness bracelets is quite wide and includes hundreds of types, it is proposed to use a number of classification features that clearly distinguish them by their functionality. Conclusion. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the wearable devices market seg­ment will continue to grow. Restrictions on mobility and an individual’s desire to monitor vital signs of their health during a pandemic will be the main factors that will influence the market for these devices. The classification of goods related to wearable devices has been developed. The classification features for smart watches and fitness bracelets, the range of which includes hundreds of types, are proposed. It is established that the main difference between smart watches and a fitness bracelets is a wider functionality of the first and a much longer battery life of the latter.

Wearable technologies in the fashion value ecosystem: a conceptual model

PurposeThe fashion sector is complex. It involves multiple actors with distinct and potentially conflicting interests, forming a value ecosystem. Thus, knowing the interested parties and belonging to the fashion sector may be a means to promote technological innovation, such as products with wearables. The purpose of this paper to identify the participants of the fashion ecosystem from the perspective of wearable technologies and develop a conceptual model.Design/methodology/approachThe present work aims to identify the participants (actors) and develop a conceptual model of the fashion ecosystem from the perspective of wearable technologies. The systematic literature review is the recommended method to qualitatively analyze documents and identify the interested parties (actors) in the fashion sector in order to design the proposed conceptual model.FindingsFrom the studies, the conceptual model of the fashion value ecosystem was designed, and the wearable product was considered its core business. The studies identified addressed ecosystems of fashion value in general but not specific to wearable products and their relations with other complementary industries.Research limitations/implicationsThe model was designed using secondary data only. Its validation is relevant through interviews with experts.Originality/valueIn terms of relevance, when conducting a systematic literature review, there were no studies that included wearable technologies in the fashion ecosystems discussed and their relations with other industries. The topic of wearables is an emerging subject that needs further research aiming to insert this technology in productive sectors.

Wearable Product Design for Intelligent Monitoring of Basketball Training Posture Based on Image Processing

The algorithms of wearable image processing technology equipment have certain versatility and can be widely used in popular fields such as medical treatment, factories, drone development, human-computer interaction, virtual reality, and physical education. In order to deeply study the monitoring effect of smart wearable products based on the image processing technology on basketball training postures, this article uses the product manual comparison method, data collection method, and equipment development method to collect samples and analyze and develop intelligent monitoring equipment, streamlined algorithm. And it integrated and developed a wearable product that can monitor athletes’ training posture in real time during basketball training. After the product was researched, the training program of the product was used for low-handed dribbling. The first training lasted for 3 minutes and 10 seconds, and the second training lasted for 2 minutes and 45 seconds. The prototype and manual dribbles were studied in these two cases. The results showed that the prototype reminded the participants 31 times, while the coach only reminded them 13 times due to the large number of people. By comparing the satisfaction scores of the fitness software and the products developed in this article, the score ranges from 1 to 5 points, which is very consistent with the score of 5, and it is very inconsistent with the score of 1. Through the trial of this scene, positive information was obtained. The evaluation of the prototype is generally above that of the fitness software. The number of people eager to use the prototype again is 10 times more than that of the fitness software. These data are from the first combination chart and the third combination chart. The corresponding explanations and experimental methods will be introduced in the description of these two combination charts later. The prototype can widely cater to the public’s sport preferences. It is basically realized that starting from the image processing technology, a smart monitoring wearable product with high evaluation and good effect has been designed.

Research of a Novel Ag Temperature Sensor Based on Fabric Substrate Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering

TPU-coated polyester fabric was used as the substrate of a flexible temperature sensor and Ag nanoparticles were deposited on its surface as the temperature sensing layer by the magnetron sputtering method. The effects of sputtering powers and heat treatment on properties of the sensing layers, such as the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), linearity, hysteresis, drift, reliability, and bending resistance, were mainly studied. The results showed that the TCR (0.00234 °C−1) was the highest when sputtering power was 90 W and sputtering pressure was 0.8 Pa. The crystallinity of Ag particles would improve, as the TCR was improved to 0.00262 °C−1 under heat treatment condition at 160°. The Ag layer obtained excellent linearity, lower hysteresis and drift value, as well as good reliability and bending resistance when the sputtering power was 90 W. The flexible temperature sensor based on the coated polyester fabric improved the softness and comfortableness of sensor, which can be further applied in intelligent wearable products.

Development of a Virtual Fit Analysis Method for an Ergonomic Design of Pilot Oxygen Mask

In the ergonomic design of wearable products such as an oxygen mask, systematic design methods including the analysis of anthropometric information, evaluation of fit, and product design need to utilize 3D human scan data. The present study intends to develop a virtual fit analysis method that generates an ergonomic shape of an oxygen mask for fighter pilots based on 3D facial scans. The proposed virtual fit analysis method enables iteratively to revise the shape of an oxygen mask until an appropriate level of fit between the mask and a group of pilot faces is achieved. The proposed method of virtual fit analysis and design optimization was applied to find ergonomic shapes of oxygen masks for four size categories (small narrow, medium narrow, medium wide, and large wide) to accommodate 336 pilots of the Republic of Korea Air Force. The virtual fit analysis results in the study showed that the revised oxygen mask shapes achieved significantly higher accommodation percentages (4.8~88.7%) at facial areas (nasal root, nasal side, cheek, and chin) compared to the existing oxygen mask shapes. The proposed method can be applied to develop an ergonomic product design that fits the face and other human body parts.

Development of Learning Media for Motorcycle Chassis Training Kit

This research aims to determine the development process and the feasibility of learning media for motorcycle chassis training kit at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bambanglipuro. The type of research used is R&D. The research subjects were 32 students of class X TBSM SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bambanglipuro. The data collection instruments used observation and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used the evaluation criteria analysis to determine the feasibility of learning media. The results showed that: (1) The development process went through several stages, namely: (a) problem background; (b) problem identification; (c) development ideas; (d) pre-production stage (tools and materials); (e) production stage; (f) product development; (g) validation and revision; (h) feasibility test; and (i) wearable products; and; (2) Learning media for motorcycle chassis training kit are categorized as very suitable for use in learning with the results of validation of media experts by 90%, material experts by 95%, small group trial of 85.24%, and large group trial of 83.94%.

11 Years with Wearables

The role of wearable technology in our daily lives is rapidly growing and many users are cumulatively becoming dependent on it. To provide insight into the future of wearable technologies and various community attitudes towards them, we implemented an in-depth quantitative investigation of opinions from academic texts (DBLP and PubMed), social media (Twitter), news media (Google News and Bing News), and entrepreneurship communities (Kickstarter and Indiegogo) over a 10-year period. Our results indicate that unlike academia, the news media, entrepreneurship communities, and social media all hold overall positive attitudes towards wearable technologies. Secondly, there are diverse perspectives towards various wearable products across different platforms. Specifically, "XR" technologies received the most attention, while "Exoskeleton" ignited the most heated debates. Thirdly, we discovered that the lifetime of a hyped wearable technology lasts approximately three years. Furthermore, the news media and entrepreneurship community's attitudes towards wearable technologies did not have a strong impact on public opinion. Finally, among all types of wearable technologies, "fashion design" and "healthcare" products were the most enlightening for the market.

Anthropometric Analysis of External Acoustic Meatus for Ergonomic Design

Ear-related wearable products have become ubiquitous and are used daily for instant communication, entertainment, hearing protection (occupational noise) and noise reduction. The proper fit of ear related wearables is imperative to their function and comfort. Prior studies have demonstrated that some anthropometric measures of the ear changes with age. However, despite this, there is a lack of relevant studies on how key dimensions of the ear, like the external acoustic meatus (EAM), change with age. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to define EAM measurements that are important for the ergonomic design of ear-related wearable products and explore how the EAM anthropometry changes with age.

Biologically inspired flexible photonic films for efficient passive radiative cooling

Temperature is a fundamental parameter for all forms of lives. Natural evolution has resulted in organisms which have excellent thermoregulation capabilities in extreme climates. Bioinspired materials that mimic biological solution for thermoregulation have proven promising for passive radiative cooling. However, scalable production of artificial photonic radiators with complex structures, outstanding properties, high throughput, and low cost is still challenging. Herein, we design and demonstrate biologically inspired photonic materials for passive radiative cooling, after discovery of longicorn beetles’ excellent thermoregulatory function with their dual-scale fluffs. The natural fluffs exhibit a finely structured triangular cross-section with two thermoregulatory effects which effectively reflects sunlight and emits thermal radiation, thereby decreasing the beetles’ body temperature. Inspired by the finding, a photonic film consisting of a micropyramid-arrayed polymer matrix with random ceramic particles is fabricated with high throughput. The film reflects ∼95% of solar irradiance and exhibits an infrared emissivity >0.96. The effective cooling power is found to be ∼90.8 W⋅m−2and a temperature decrease of up to 5.1 °C is recorded under direct sunlight. Additionally, the film exhibits hydrophobicity, superior flexibility, and strong mechanical strength, which is promising for thermal management in various electronic devices and wearable products. Our work paves the way for designing and fabrication of high-performance thermal regulation materials.