Evaluating the Dynamic Impact of Theater Performances and Sports Events on Parking Demand in Downtown Pittsburgh

The number of drivers using parking facilities (parking demand) in downtown Pittsburgh is highly variable throughout business operating hours, which makes an efficient operation of parking facilities challenging and results in congestion around the facilities. In this study, we applied an event-based ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model to the parking data set provided from one of the parking facilities, the Theater Square Garage in downtown Pittsburgh. We demonstrated that our model achieved a high R-squared value during time periods when parking demand is highly variable. Using the model, we revealed the dynamic (time-dependent) impact of theater performances and sports events on parking demand. This dynamic information can help facility managers appropriately adjust their operating settings (e.g., the number of staff and fee structure) during surge or vacant time periods accordingly. This model is applicable to various businesses in downtown areas that have increased customer flow from theater performances and sports events, not only parking garages.

Dychotomy of the phenomenal and semiotic bodies of the performer in the context of a theater without an actor

modern theatrical art and to reveal the features of the phenomenal and semiotic body of the performer in theater performances without an actor. Research methodology. A synergetic method is applied, due to which the essence of the dichotomy of the phenomenal and semiotic body of the performer and the mechanism of its transformation in the process of transition from traditional theater to the theater without an actor is considered; a systemic method for analyzing the phenomenal and semiotic body of the performer as a manifestation of integrity in the unity of all connections and relationships; the method of comparative analysis, which contributed to the comparison of the ways of perception and understanding by the spectator of the semantic content of the stage performance in the traditional, puppet theater and theater without an actor, etc. Scientific novelty. The problems of theater without an actor are considered in the context of the theory of body dichotomy by B.S. Turner and the model of the alternation of the phenomenal and semiotic body of the performer in the post-dramatic theater E. Fischer-Lichte; the absence of actors as traditional components of the stage production of the play is theoretically substantiated; it was found that, despite the absence of performers, a theater without an actor is a unique phenomenon of modern theatrical art, realized due to the dichotomy of the phenomenal-semiotic nature of the actor's corporeality. Conclusions. The study revealed that the dichotomy of the phenomenal and semiotic body of an actor is a meaningful tool for studying the interpretation of various types of modern theater. Based on the analysis of theater performances without an actor ("Feng Shui in a theater without an actor" B. Bulatovic, A. Mustar and J. Šimenc, Slovenia, Ljubljana, Cultural Center "Španski borci", 2011, etc.) it was found that in the absence of the phenomenal body of the actor in the stage action, scenography and props become the material vehicle of the semiotic body. Destroying traditions and moving away from the "actor - spectator" attitude, depriving the viewer of an actor of a person, theatrical figures strive for contemplation, open new horizons for the theater, which can cause unusual sensations and feelings.

PROSES KREATIF SUTRADARA RACHMAN SABUR DARI TEATER PAYUNG HITAM BANDUNG

Abstrak: Rachman Sabur adalah salah seorang sutradara teater dari kelompok Teater Payung Hitam Bandung. Sejak kecil ia sudah mulai suka menonton berbagai pertunjukan seperti sandiwara sunda, tari, wayang dan reog. Proses kreatif Rachman Sabur menyutradarai drama verbal dan teater non verbal mendapat pujian dari berbagai tokoh teater dan mempunyai banyak penonton. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan proses kreatif Graham Wallas yang dikemukakan oleh Irma Damayanti dalam buku Psikologi Seni (2006) yang meliputi Preparation (persiapan), Incubation (pengeraman), Ilumination (ilham, inspirasi), verification (pembuktian atau pengujian). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskritif analisis, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan Rachman Sabur, para pemeran, para pendukung dan pengamat teater dari Bandung. Selain itu juga data diambil dari berbagai ulasan tentang karya-karya penyutradaraannya, ulasan dari surat kabar dan Website dari para pengulas pertunjukan teater yang terpercaya. Dari pendekatan dan metode tersebut akan terurai proses kreatif Rachman Sabur dalam melahirkan karya-karyanya. Kata kunci: Proses Kreatif, Rachman Sabur, Teater Payung Hitam, Graham Wallas Abstract: Rachman Sabur is one of the theater directors of the Bandung Black Payung Theater group. Since childhood, he has started to like watching various performances such as Sundanese plays, dance, wayang and reog. Sabur's creative process in directing verbal dramas and non-verbal theaters has received praise from various theater figures and has a large audience. This study uses the creative process approach of Graham Wallas proposed by Irma Damayanti in the book Psychology of Art (2006) which includes Preparation (preparation), Incubation (incubation), Illumination (inspiration, inspiration), verification (proof or testing). The method used is descriptive analysis, with data collection techniques through interviews with Rachman Sabur, actors, supporters and theater observers from Bandung. In addition, data is also taken from various reviews of his directing works, reviews from newspapers and websites from trusted reviewers of theater performances. From these approaches and methods, Sabur's creative process in producing his works will be unravelled. Keywords: Creative Process, Rachman Sabur, Payung Hitam Theatre, Graham Wallas

A Discourse of Theater Performance in Improving Nationalism in Surakarta

Indonesian nationalism is the manifestation of Indonesians’ love to their State and homeland based on Pancasila. Nationalism is now in new civilization vortex called globalization and encounters increasingly big challenge. The feeling of nationalism has been eroded now and faded gradually as time progresses. Therefore, many parties begin to revive nationalism spirit through some activities, one of which is through theatrical art. Theatrical art was expected to improve nationalism in Surakarta City. Surakarta City or so called Solo is an autonomous area with city status under Central Java Province. This article attempted to discuss “what the role of theatrical art is in improving nationalism”. For that through theater performances with themes that uphold the values of nationality have represented and increased nationalism in the city of Surakarta. Keywords: Discourse, Theatrical Performance, Nationalism, theater comunity in Surakarta City

MENTAL CATHARSIS IN CHILD THEATER PERFORMANCES

In the twenties of the twentieth century there appeared a tendency declaring that art has a major task is to cleansing reality from everything that seems strange to it. But this proposition took another characteristic of the German director and writer (Berthold Brecht) after he initiated a revolution that declared its rejection of the previous concepts of theater and Aristotelian drama in the introduction of alienation in his theatrical doctrine, which was later called (dialectical theater), This is a shift towards another concept of purification that goes beyond the emotion towards addressing the mind and changing ideas, so Brecht has a different function to theater, which is to change and reject the miserable and revolutionary reality. In child theater performances, the research problem was formed in the following question: What are the representations of mental cleansing in child theater performances? As for the objectives of the research, it is represented by (revealing the concept of mental cleansing, and revealing representations of mental cleansing in child theater performances). The current research was determined by child theater performances in Iraq for the period from (2010-2020) that take mental cleansing as its goal. As for the second chapter, it focused on three axes. The first was philosophical mental cleansing, while the second axis was concerned with the philosophical foundations of the Barkhati approach, while the third axis focused From the theoretical framework on the Westernization of Berthold Brecht. As for the third chapter, it was clarified that the researcher adopted the descriptive approach (the method of content analysis) being more appropriate to the current study procedures, which dealt with the research community represented by the presentations that were made for the period between (2009-2018) in Baghdad, which reached (16) theatrical performances. After the sample was randomly selected by lot, it was (a little chalk circle) play. After analyzing the sample, the results of the research were extracted, which are responsible for answering the objectives of the research and the extent of their achievement. The first goal was achieved through what was reviewed in the theoretical framework and what was extracted from it. As for the second goal, which aims to reveal the representations of mental cleansing in theatrical performances directed at the child, it was achieved after analyzing the selected sample, and the results appeared as follows: 1. All child theater performances that follow the Brachitic approach aim at mental cleansing. 2. Mental cleansing occurs in child theater performances when the following methods are employed that keep the child mind attentive and critical, including: First / at the level of the text 1. Using the heritage and being inspired by it as a theatrical template for contemporary events through the style of history, and not committing to a Space-time through this history. 2. The necessity of the presence of the narrator who tries to break the hierarchy of events by narrating and commenting on some events, as well as employing songs and music that differ from the general atmosphere of the event. Second / at the level of the show 1. Using the scene through symbolic, not realistic, signs to keep the actor away from any reincarnation that casts its shadow on the audience through theatrical infection. 2. Not to adhere to the timing of lighting. 3. Using shadow imaginations or movies and pictures in conveying the event. 4. Westernization of performance by leaving space between the character and the actor

PERANCANGAN PENYUTRADARAAN NASKAH LAKON SINAMOT KARYA MAHBUB KURTUBI

Laporan penyutradaraan naskah lakon Sinamot karya Mahbub Kurtubi merupakan pembahasan suatu proses perancangan artistik dalam pertunjukan teater. Laporan ini menjelaskan proses pementasan pertunjukan teater dengan judul naskah Sinamot, mulai dari alasan memilih permasalahan tentang sinamot (emas kawin) hingga sampai tahap terakhir menuju pementasan. Naskah lakon Sinamot menceritakan tentang perjuangan seorang perempuan bernama Lasma dalam mempertahankan haknya untuk bisa memilih menikah dengan laki – laki pilihannya. Lasma memiliki kekasih yang berprofesi sebagai seniman bernama Ringgas. Ringgas yang berprofesi sebagai seniman merasa kurang percaya diri untuk memberanikan diri melamar Lasma. Penghasilan Ringgas sebagai seniman tidak cukup banyak untuk membayar sinamot (emas kawin) kepada keluarga Lasma. Permasalahan bertambah ketika paman (bapauda) Lasma bernama Godam menjodohkannya dengan laki – laki lain yang lebih mapan. Pergejolakan batin yang dialami Lasma akhirnya memutuskan dia untuk menerima perjodohan tersebut. Tiba saatnya di hari pernikahan, Lasma memutuskan untuk membatalkan pernikahannya. Lasma meninggakan calon suaminya dan pergi dari gereja. Pada akhinya Lasma lebih memilih untuk tidak menikah dari pada harus hidup dengan laki – laki lain dalam keadaan terpaksa. Naskah lakon Sinamot penuh dengan kritik sosial mengenai permasalahan sinamot (emas kawin) pada masa pra pernikahan masyarakat Batak Toba. Batalnya pernikahan sepasang kekasih karena tidak menemukan kata sepakat dalam pembahasan sinamot (emas kawin) sudah sering terjadi. Oleh karena itu pertunjukan ini bertujuan untuk menyadarkan masyarakat agar mampu melihat kondisi sosial yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Untuk mewujudkannya, sutradara menggunakan teknik alienasi Bertold Brecht pada pertunjukan naskah lakon Sinamot. Teknik alienasi Brecht dianggap mampu mewujudkan keinginan sutradara dalam memberikan ruang kepada penonton untuk berpikir kritis pada pertunjukan naskah lakon Sinamot.The report on the direction of the Sinamot by Mahbub Kurtubi is a discussion of an artistic design process in theater performances. This report describes the process of staging a theater performance with the title Sinamot script, starting from the reasons for choosing the issue of sinamot (emas kawin) to the final stage towards the performance. The Sinamot script tells about the struggle of a woman named Lasma in defending her right to be able to choose to marry a man of her choice. Lasma has a lover who works as an artist named Ringgas. Ringgas, who works as an artist, doesn't feel confident enough to dare to apply for Lasma. Ringgas’s salary as an artist is not enough to pay for sinamot (emas kawin) to Lasma's family. The problem grew when Lasma's uncle (bapauda) named Godam arranged a marriage between him and another, more stable man. The inner turmoil that was experienced by Lasma finally decided him to accept the match. It was time for the wedding day, Lasma decided to cancel the wedding. Lasma left her future husband and left the church. In the end, Lasma prefers not to marry rather than live with other men under coercion. The Sinamot script is full of social criticism regarding the issue of sinamot (emas kawin) during the pre-wedding period of the Batak Toba community. The cancellation of the marriage of two lovers because they did not find an agreement in the discussion of sinamot (emas kawin) has often happened. Therefore, this show aims to make people aware of the social conditions that occur around them. To make it happen, the director used Bertold Brecht's alienation technique in the Sinamot script. Brecht's alienation technique is considered capable of realizing the director's desire to provide space for the audience to think critically at the Sinamot script..

Negotiating Modernity

The chapter explores in detail the activities of the reform movement. The first important task was the reform of Muslim education. Other initiatives included evening literacy and vocational training classes. The kıraathanes (reading rooms) were among the most important institutions linked to the reform movement; they were promoted as sites of new sociability. The chapter looks at the Muslims’ efforts to organize theater performances, and particularly, at the reception of the works of Namık Kemal. It explores the ideas about the role of women and the family. The convening of the Muslim Teachers’ Congresses and the establishment of the Muslim Teachers’ Association were among the major reform achievements. At the same time, it provides an insight into the critical reactions of some of the local Muslims.