Crisis and disaster management in mines (Case study of Copiapo mine accident 2010): إدارة الأزمات والكوارث في المناجم: (دراسة حالة حادثة منجم كوبيابو 2010)

This study aims at clarifying the role of the crisis and disaster management system in the mines and development of organizational plans, the development of contact with the detainees in the mines and their organization with the world. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, where the case of the Copiapo mine incident was studied. The results of study are: The San Jose mine incident indicates the seriousness of poor working conditions for miners during exploration, where neglect and failure to try to fix it for the best may result in disaster. The Chilean government used high efforts and efforts to rescue the workers trapped inside the mine, and there was good planning, implementation, use and innovation of the latest technologies, the results of which were the rescue of all 33 detainees. - The rescue of mine workers in Chile is a practical application that shows that dealing with crises requires human and material preparations in advance. The recommendations of study are: Increasing the awareness of mine workers and their knowledge of the culture of dealing with disaster and risk management, while providing the miners with intensive courses related to the security and safety standards in the mines and providing the staff in the mines with intensive courses in first aid, under the supervision and supervision. Provide rescue teams for mining accidents with experience in dealing with mines. Trying to carry out more than one escape exit and more than one shelter during the mining process.

Hydroxyapatite Production from Cuttlebone as Bone Scaffold Material Preparations

The increasing production of cuttlefish has been associated with the increasing of by-product waste particularly cuttlebone. Cuttlebone is known to contain an inorganic element in form of calcium carbonate<br />(CaCO3) which can be utilized as a source of calcium oxide (CaO) for hydroxyapatite synthesis. This study was aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the cuttlebone and the optimum calcination temperature for CaO extraction and hydroxyapatite synthesis. This study was divided into three steps. Firstly, analysis of the cuttlebone physicochemical properties; secondly, extraction and characterization of the CaO with different calcination temperature (500°C, 600°C, 700°C for 6 hours); and thirdly, hydroxyapatite synthesis using a combination of hydrothermal method at 200°C 6 hours and different calcination treatments (800°C, 900°C, 1,000°C for 1 hour). The results showed that the cuttlebone contained moisture 3.54±0.11%,<br />lipid 0.32±0.19%, protein 4.78±0.23%, carbohydrate 5.29±0.02%, and ash 89.61±0.26. The main element of the ash was CaCO3 aragonite characterized by the high absorption at wavelengths of 1,795; 1,507;<br />1,083; 871; 713 and 700 cm-1. The calcination treatment of 700°C produced the highest amount of CaO. The hydroxyapatite produced with a combination of hydrothermal and calcination temperature 1,000°C<br />had calcium phosphate ratio (Ca/P) 1.66, crystalline level 90.10%, amorphous level 9.90% and particles morphology of rod-shaped.

Creative Approach Using Lock-in Thermography in Fault Localization of ASIC Devices

The advent of lock-in thermal imaging application on semiconductor failure analysis added capability to localize failures through thermal activity (emission) of the die. When coupled with creative electrical set-up and material preparations, lock-in thermography (LIT) [1, 2] application gives more possibility in exploring the failure of the device using low power settings. This gives higher probability of preserving the defect which leads to a more conclusive root cause determination.

The Role of Teachers in Establishing an Attractive Environment to Develop the Creative Thinking among Basic Stage Students in the Schools of Tafilah Governorate According to their own Perspective

The objective of this study was to identify the role of teachers in founding an attractive environment for developingthe creative thinking, among the students of the basic stage in the schools of Tafilah Governorate. The researcherapplied the descriptive statistical method, and developed a questionnaire consisting of (45) items, divided into fiveDimensions: "Teaching strategies, Material preparations, extracurricular activities, Personality traits and Evaluationstrategies ". The instrument stability and validity were validated and approved. The sample of the study consisted of(300) female and male teachers, who were selected through a simple random method. The study resulted of the arethe following:- The estimate of the sample members of the instrument as a whole was moderate, and the fourth Dimension"personal traits" ranked first, with a moderate estimation, while the second was "material preparations" which camein the last rank, and with a low grade of estimation.- There were statistically significant differences in the sample of the study teachers' same role, attributed to thevariables of "gender and academic qualification", while there were no statistically significant differences in thesample of the study for their role attributed to the variable of "years of experience".Based on the results of the study, the researcher presented recommendations, including reviewing the programs ofpreparing and training teachers, the need to include plans and strategies for the development of creative thinking, andenrichment of the school curriculum for the basic stage programs to develop the creative thinking.

Clinical research of the restoration efficacy in tunnel preparation restored with cermet glass-ionomer cements

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of tunnel restorations over 18-month observational period. Methods and material: Preparations were restored with glass-cermet-ionomer cement (Ketac-silver, DMG, Scandinavien AB). A total of 90 restorations were placed in 72 patients with age range 21-54 years old. Evaluation was carried out by clinical and radiographical means. Modified Cvar and Ryge criteria were used for evaluation j of marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, surface structure, secondary caries and marginal ridge. Results: Fracture of marginal ridge was recorded in 4,7% of the restorations. No secondary aries or marginal discoloration were recorded. Conclusion: The results indicate that tunnel glass cermet ionomer cement restorations are useful in small proximal dentine lesions in permanent teeth. .

Memoirs: Notes on the Maturation of the Ovum of Alcyonium digitatum

Although the foregoing accouut is obviously incomplete, yet it is possible to draw some conclusions. I believe we have shown that: (a) The egg of Aleyonium produces no polar bodies in the ordinary sense of the word. (b) That the division of the female pronucleus before the entrance of the spermatozoon is irregular and amitotic. (c) That no chromatiu leaves the egg in the stage of ovocyte I, to use Boveri's nomenclature. (d) That the female pronucleus completely disappears. (s) That there are no bodies that can be termed chromosomes throughout the whole process. (f) That the first segmentation nucleus is formed in a way (unknown) that must in any case be unlike anything hitherto described. Furthermore I believe, though I cannot state so positively, that: (g) A process takes place that may roughly be compared to the formation of polar bodies, but they disintegrate and do not leave the cell. So far as I have ascertained nothing in the shape of extrusion takes place. It is, however, curious to note that the nearest account that I have been able to find of like behaviour in an egg nucleus is that of Sfcoeckel.1 This author found in a human ovary certain of the ova containing large nuclei, the membrane of which, as a rule, was well marked, but "oft geht diese scharfe Abgrenzung auch verloren. Die Konturen werden unregelmässeg Zackig, verschwommen."...Stoeckel believed that these changes in form were the beginning of amitotic nuclear divisions, giving rise to binucleated ova, of which he found several. I know of no other assumption of the direct division of an egg nucleus before fertilisation. (h) The first segmentation nucleus is derived from the male pronucleus, though it is quite possible that chromatin equal in amount to that of the male may also be derived from the female pronucleus, though all trace of the latter has been lost. If the foregoing statements be only partially true, it is obvious that a great gulf is fixed between the maturation processes in the egg of Alcyonium and all hitherto described cases. For this reason I am very loth to do more than state the bare conclusions to which I have come. To the best of my belief, no author has described amitotic nuclear divisions in the formation of polar bodies. We seem to have to deal with perfectly abnormal conditions. Nevertheless we are forced to admit that the maintenance of the individual parental chromosomes in a fertilised egg-cell is not universal. On the contrary, all trace of the chromatin of the original egg nucleus is lost. Furthermore, there are several instances among the protozoa of the breaking up and reorganisation of the nucleus. This occurs in many Ciliates. For instance : In ‘Oxytricha and Lacrymaria’ Gruber has shown that the meganucleus breaks up into minute fragments which become scattered through the protoplasm, but eventually reunite into a single body. So much attractive speculation has been based on the ordinarily observed facts of maturation and fertilisation that we feel almost bound to assume that these processes are the same iu all metazoa. But it is obvious that in certain cœlenterates we have facts before us that cannot be brought into line with what we feel we have a right to expect. At present the affair is a mystery. Pending farther investigation it were unwise to speculate on the possible meaning of these phenomena, however much one may be tempted to do so. In case that what I have observed, and still more failed to observe, may induce some other zoologist to follow this cytological byeway, I can only hope that he will find this paper a path over which it may not be necessary to retrace his steps. There would seem to be four points to which attention should be specially directed: (a) The nuclear history of the germ-cells from their earliest "Anlagen." (b) The mode of formation of the polar bodies. (c) The actual penetration of the spermatozoon. (d) The way in which the first segmentation nucleus is built up. Lastly, I have but to express my sincere thanks to Professor Hickson for his kindness in allowing me the use of his material, preparations, and notes, and for the many fruitful suggestions that I have received from him.