Latent lip print: A comparative study of developers

Identification of a person is of paramount importance in a medico-legal investigation. At present more and more people use protecting lipsticks and permanent lipsticks. With these lipsticks a latent lip print is generated by contact with a surface and, like with the latent fingerprints occur, this latent lip print can be developed. This study aims to retrieve latent lip prints from various inanimate surfaces like thermocoal plate, bone china, and glass to compare the efficacy of developers i.e., fingerprint powder, Sudan III, Vermillion, and its comparison with standard lipstick prints. Current research assesses the effectiveness of particular surfaces in the retrieval of lip print in personnel identification. This study included a total of 30 subjects. Latent lip print was developed on the different inanimate surfaces by pressing the lips against the different vehicles. After collecting samples, a camel hair brush was used to retrieve all three chemicals individually by simply tapping on all three surfaces. Application of chemicals was continued until the print became clearly visible for the study. Developed latent lip print was then compared with the visible lip print. Subsequently, a standard lipstick print was developed from the same subject. All the samples were coded and graded according to the patterns suggested in the literature. Discrete (categorical) data were summarized in number and percentage and compared by chi-square (χ2) test. Analyses were performed on SPSS software (Windows version 17.0).: The overall (i.e., total of all three surfaces) favourable outcome was found highest in Fingerprint powder (58.9%) followed by Sudan III (28.9%) and Vermilion (10.0%) the least (Vermilion < Sudan III < Fingerprint powder).Comparing the overall outcomes of three developers, χ2 test showed significantly different and higher favourable outcome in Fingerprint powder as compared to both Sudan III and Vermilion (χ2=92.09, p<0.001) The study found Fingerprint powder the best developer and Thermocol plate the best surface. The findings of this study may be beneficial for investigators.

Ceramic colors

Ceramic colors or stains consist mainly of pigments, glaze or body, and opacifiers. They are used for the decoration of porcelain, earthenware bone china and other ceramics. Glazes and enamels are the main application systems for ceramic colors. Pigments are the color giving components in the composition of a ceramic color. High temperature and chemical stability as well as high tinting strength are characteristics of stains. Technically important ceramic colors are cadmium sulfide and sulfoselenides (occluded in zircon), metals such as gold, silver, platinum, and copper (as colloidal particles), metal oxides (α-Fe2O3, Cr2O3, CuO, Co3O4/CoO, MnO2/Mn2O3, and NiO/Ni2O3), mixed metal oxides and silicates, zirconia-based and zircon-based compositions. Ceramic colors are often produced using solid state reactions.

Determination of Ca3(PO4)2 in Bone China by Microwave Digestion-ICP-AES

The establishment of a microwave digestion method with the advantages of simple operation and complete digestion to process samples has shown that, high sensitivity, wide linear dynamic range, good precision, fast analysis speed and many other advantages of ICP-AES technology for rapid determination of tricalcium phosphate in bone china. Through the use of different P2O5 content of phosphate rock and kaolin national standard material configuration standard working solution for matrix matching to eliminate matrix interference, the microwave digestion sample processing condition selection, coexisting ion interference, method precision, accuracy, and detection limit tests were carried out. The results showed that the detection limit of the newly established method for tricalcium phosphate is 0.011mg.L-1; the HCl-HNO3-HF-H2O2 mixed acid decomposition system dissolves the best samples; the interference of the test results through the matrix matching coexisting ion pair is small; The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 1.08%~4.64%, and the recovery rate of standard addition is 92.4%~107.9%. The established method has high accuracy and precision; the bone china samples are analyzed and compared with the conventional digestion national standard method The t test method is used to prove that the two methods are not significantly different from the test results.

Alternative of bone china and porcelain as ceramic hand molds for rubber latex glove films formation via dipping process

In general, the main compositions of porcelain and bone china composed of 54-65%wt silica (SiO2), 23-34% wt alumina (Al2O3) and 0.2-0.7%wt calcium oxide (CaO) suitable for preparation high quality ceramic products such as soft-hard porcelain products for teeth and bones, bioceramics, IC substrate and magneto-optoelectroceramics. The quality of ceramic hand mold is depended on raw material and its properties (pH, ionic strength, solid-liquid surface tension, particle size distribution, specific surface area, porosity, density, microstructure, weight ratio between solid and water, drying time, and firing temperatures). The suitable firing conditions for porcelain and bone china hand-mold preparation were firing at 1270°C for 10 h which resulted in superior working molds for making latex films from natural and synthetic rubber. The obtained fired porcelain hand molds at 1270°C for 10 h provided good chemical durability (10%NaOH, 5%HCl and 10%wtNaCl), low thermal expansion coefficient (5.8570 × 10−6 (°C−1)), good compressive (179.40 MPa) and good flexural strength (86 MPa). While thermal expansion coefficient, compressive and flexural strength of obtained fired bone china hand molds are equal to 6.9230 × 10−6 (°C−1), 128.40 and 73.70 MPa, respectively, good acid-base-salt resistance, a smooth mold surface, and easy hand mold fabrication. Both obtained porcelain and bone china hand molds are a low production cost, making them suitable for natural and synthetic rubber latex glove formation.

Product Performance Analysis of Fine Bone China Using Ceramic Slip Rotary Moulding Process

By combining the traditional slip casting technique and existing polymer rotary moulding concept a new process namely Ceramic Slip Rotary Moulding (CSRM) machine was established. The CSRM machine was developed to control parameters such as temperature (heating and cooling), time and speed. It is suitable for producing hollow ceramic products especially for ceramic materials such as fine bone china, which is a soft material used for tableware and art ware products due to its brightness and high strength. This research mainly focuses on the preparation of five different particle sizes of fine bone china measurements; 106 μm, 125 μm, 202 μm, 250 μm, and 300 μm respectively by using the CSRM machine. Different particle sizes of the fine bone china materials were tested to check the accurate and suitable wall thickness by controlling the temperature, speed, time and also the weight of the slip to get the best quality of fine bone china products. The parameters obtained will be the guidelines for the overall test to produce the best hollow fine bone china products.