Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Breast cancer among Nigeria women had been found to occur at a much younger age compared with their Caucasian age groups. BRCA1 and BRCA2 were suspected to responsible for breast cancers at a young age, therefore this work examined the BRCA1 and BRCA2 dysfunction among women suffering from breast cancer in Osun State, Nigeria.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife and Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. The request cards and tissue blocks were sorted from the year 2014 to 2017. The breast tissue blocks were sectioned, stained with H&E. A representative tissue block was selected for each patient. Sections obtained from the blocks were stained with BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 antibody using a diaminobenzidine horseradish peroxidase technique. The cells were semi-quantitatively scored as percentage of tumour cells stained brown. Score 0-5% were taken as negative as proposed by Karuna et al., 2013.
The value obtained was tabulated against the age of the patient.
Results
Out of 240 breast cancer patients sampled 16(6.7%), 32(13.3%), 85(35.4%), 43(17.9%), 64(26.7%) patients were between ages 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 and 60+ years respectively. 54(22.5%) showed loss of BRCA 1 staining with only 1(0.4%) patient between age 21-40 years while 18(7.5%), 16(6.67), 19(7.9) patients between age 41-50, 51-60 and 60+ years respectively. 82(34.2%) showed loss of BRCA 2 staining; 7(2.9%), 12(5%), 31(12.9%), 15(6.25%),17(5.8%) patients for age between 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 and 60+ years respectively. Among women aged 50 years and below, BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 dysfunctions were responsible for 14.3% and 37.6% of breast cancers respectively.
Conclusion
Increase in age increases the rate of BRCA 1 dysfunction while BRCA 2 dysfunction is not more associated to with any age. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for more than thirty percent of breast cancers among women less than 50 years of age in Osun state.