Laryngeal Papillary Cystadenoma: A Case Report

Papillary cystadenoma is a rare, benign salivary gland neoplasm containing cystic cavities with intraluminal papillary projections. In the head and neck area, it occurs mainly in major and intraoral minor salivary glands, but rarely in the larynx. We report a case of a 67-year-old female with a chief complaint of hoarse voice diagnosed as laryngeal papillary cystadenoma. This paper emphasizes the need to consider papillary cystadenoma as one of differential diagnosis when benign looking lesions are observed in the larynx, where it uncommonly occurs.

INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL DISCOPATHY IN TOY BREEDS IN NECK AREA

The article is devoted to the determination of the incidence of discopathy in the cervical spine in dwarf dog breeds. Discopathies are widespread among all dog breeds. This pathology is common throughout the vertebral column, but in the cervical spine it occurs more often in dwarf breeds, due to the greater amplitude of movement of the vertebrae. Incidence allows a preliminary assessment of the need for surgical intervention or the use of a conservative method of treatment. This work is based on a study of 52 breeds of dogs with discopathies in the cervical spine, and in particular 21 decorative breeds. As a result of the surgical treatment of this pathology, the ventral slot technique was used. This technique allows performing an operative approach from the ventral side of the spinal column to eliminate hernial contents and ensure postoperative improvement.

A Case of Myxoid Liposarcoma of Neck

Liposarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor affecting the head and neck area. Since it is an invasive and life-threatening disease, active treatments is necessary. However, differential it from lipoma, its corresponding benign counterpart, may be difficult. Herein, we report a rare case of posterior neck myxoid liposarcoma in a 72-year-old man who was initially misdiagnosed with lipoma, including a literature review of differential diagnosis between lipoma and liposarcoma.

Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum at an Unusual Location: a Case Report

A case of 15year old female presented with lesion over back since childhood, with occasional bleeding and oozing from lesion without any associated systemic complaints. There were multiple verrucous coalescing papules forming plaque with overlying erosion present over left lower back- diagnosed provisionally as angiokeratoma circumscriptum and was biopsied. Histopathology revealed findings consistent with Syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Surgical excision was done and closed with rotation flap. Syringocystadenoma is benign cutaneous adnexal tumor presenting clinically with many morphologies such as warty papules, nodules, plaques with oozing of serous material. Lesion is usually seen in head and neck area in most cases however can also occur on extremities, buttocks, anogenital region. It is characterized by multiple invaginations from skin surface in association with hair follicles lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium on luminal aspect and myoepithelial cells on outside. There is papillary architecture and dermal ductal component.

Removal of a bullet lying between carotid arteries, following a gunshot injury

Gunshot injuries can be very threatening to the patient's life. A bullet in the neck area after a gunshot usually causes tissue damage and bleeding because of the presence of vital structures in this region. We present the case of a young man that arrived emergently to our hospital because of gunshot injury in the right neck area and the right shoulder. He was hemodynamically stable, with no laryngeal edema or hematoma. The cervical radiography showed a foreign body lying on the right side of the spine, in front of the third cervical vertebra. The CT scanning revealed a metallic foreign body, lying between the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery, without causing bleeding in the surrounding tissues. A bullet was also found in the right shoulder area. A barium esophagography showed no contrast agent escape. An emergency operation was performed, under general anesthesia. The metallic bullet was found under an enlarged submandibular lymph node and was removed. The bullet removal caused vessel intraoperative bleeding, that was repaired satisfactory. No postoperative complications were noticed and patient was discharged home.

Aneurysmal bone cyst in the head and neck region of the pediatric patients: a review

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, vascular and cystic bony tumors which can be rapidly expanding and locally cause destruction of the surrounding tissue. ABCs in the head and neck area are usually found in patients with younger age group. ABC in the head and neck region of children may vary in presentations and severity. ABCs are commonly found in mandible, sinonasal tract and cranium in head and neck region. Imaging and histopathological examinations confirm the diagnosis. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. ABC which is secondary to underlying bone pathology like osteoblastoma may refractory to treatment. ABC in the head and neck region are uncommon and should be considered as differential diagnosis of bony and vascular lesions in the locations like mandible, sinonasal area, cranium, mastoid bone and spine. The review article includes case series, case reports and original research on ABCs manifesting in the head and neck area published in the English language. All literatures identified via Scopus, Google scholar, Medline and PubMed were analyzed individually. Articles of ABCs included according to specified eligibility criteria. The total number of articles were 78 (41 case reports; 37 cases series; 8 original articles). ABCs rapidly grow with expansile manner and result in destruction of bone and surrounding tissue in the head and neck region, so clinicians must think about this clinical entity to diagnose correctly and treat appropriately. The aim of the article is providing a comprehensive review of the ABC in the head and neck region of the pediatric patients.

BMP7 Increases UCP1-Dependent and Independent Thermogenesis with a Unique Gene Expression Program in Human Neck Area Derived Adipocytes

White adipocytes contribute to energy storage, accumulating lipid droplets, whereas brown and beige adipocytes mainly function in dissipating energy as heat primarily via the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) was shown to drive brown adipocyte differentiation in murine interscapular adipose tissue. Here, we performed global RNA-sequencing and functional assays on adipocytes obtained from subcutaneous (SC) and deep-neck (DN) depots of human neck and differentiated with or without BMP7. We found that BMP7 did not influence differentiation but upregulated browning markers, including UCP1 mRNA and protein in SC and DN derived adipocytes. BMP7 also enhanced mitochondrial DNA content, levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits, along with PGC1α and p-CREB upregulation, and fragmentation of mitochondria. Furthermore, both UCP1-dependent proton leak and UCP1-independent, creatine-driven substrate cycle coupled thermogenesis were augmented upon BMP7 addition. The gene expression analysis also shed light on the possible role of genes unrelated to thermogenesis thus far, including ACAN, CRYAB, and ID1, which were among the highest upregulated ones by BMP7 treatment in both types of adipocytes. Together, our study shows that BMP7 strongly upregulates thermogenesis in human neck area derived adipocytes, along with genes, which might have a supporting role in energy expenditure.

Irisin Stimulates the Release of CXCL1 From Differentiating Human Subcutaneous and Deep-Neck Derived Adipocytes via Upregulation of NFκB Pathway

Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes might open up new strategies in combating obesity. Recent studies in rodents and humans have indicated that these adipocytes release cytokines, termed “batokines”. Irisin was discovered as a polypeptide regulator of beige adipocytes released by myocytes, primarily during exercise. We performed global RNA sequencing on adipocytes derived from human subcutaneous and deep-neck precursors, which were differentiated in the presence or absence of irisin. Irisin did not exert an effect on the expression of characteristic thermogenic genes, while upregulated genes belonging to various cytokine signaling pathways. Out of the several upregulated cytokines, CXCL1, the highest upregulated, was released throughout the entire differentiation period, and predominantly by differentiated adipocytes. Deep-neck area tissue biopsies also showed a significant release of CXCL1 during 24 h irisin treatment. Gene expression data indicated upregulation of the NFκB pathway upon irisin treatment, which was validated by an increase of p50 and decrease of IκBα protein level, respectively. Continuous blocking of the NFκB pathway, using a cell permeable inhibitor of NFκB nuclear translocation, significantly reduced CXCL1 release. The released CXCL1 exerted a positive effect on the adhesion of endothelial cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that irisin stimulates the release of a novel adipokine, CXCL1, via upregulation of NFκB pathway in neck area derived adipocytes, which might play an important role in improving tissue vascularization.

BMP7 increases UCP1-dependent and independent thermogenesis with a unique gene expression program in human neck area derived adipocytes

White adipocytes contribute to energy storage accumulating lipid droplets, whereas brown and beige adipocytes mainly function in dissipating energy as heat primarily via the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) has been shown to drive brown adipocyte differentiation in mice. In this study, we have performed global RNA-sequencing and functional assays on adipocytes obtained from subcutaneous (SC) and deep-neck (DN) depots of human neck, and differentiated with or without BMP7. We found that BMP7 did not influence differentiation but upregulated browning markers, including UCP1 mRNA and protein. BMP7 also enhanced mitochondrial DNA content, fragmentation, and levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits along with PGC1α and p-CREB upregulation. Furthermore, both UCP1-dependent proton leak and UCP1-independent, creatine driven substrate cycle coupled thermogenesis were augmented upon BMP7 treatment in SC and DN derived adipocytes. The gene expression analysis shed light also on possible role of genes unrelated to thermogenesis so far, including ACAN, CRYAB, and ID1, which were amongst the highest upregulated ones by BMP7 treatment in both types of adipocytes. Together, our study shows that BMP7 strongly upregulates thermogenesis in human neck area derived adipocytes, along with genes, which might have a supporting role in energy expenditure.

Epidemiological and clinical features of lymphoproliferative diseases in the head and neck region

Background. Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of the lymphoid and hematopoietic system tumors. Neoplastic process often develops in head and neck area, including the integumentary tissues, orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, salivary glands, thyroid gland, as well as neck lymph nodes. The difficulties of head and neck lymphomas diagnosis are significant, since very often there is a combined non-tumor pathology. The high heterogeneity of lymphomas in the head and neck area requires structuring knowledge about their epidemiology and clinical manifestations.Objective: to study the epidemiological and clinical features of the head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases, which will lead to an improvement in diagnostic quality of this nosology’s.Materials and methods. The frequency of head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases detection was estimated based on the study of epicrisis and clinical data of 174 patients hospitalized at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2000 to 2020.Results. Taking into account the modern clinical and morphological classification of lymphomas of the World Health Organization (2017), information about the features of localization, characteristic signs of extranodal foci and lymph nodes is presented. Detection frequency of various subtypes non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas were determined on a sufficient cohort of patients.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of clinical and morphological features of head and neck lymphomas, epidemiological and clinical features are described in detail, and differences in the symptoms and clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas with a predominant head and neck involvement are revealed.