Experimental substantiation of the composition of gelatin mass for obtaining capsules with essential oils

Introduction. Soft gelatin capsules are a promising dosage form comprising essential oils as active agents. Joint research of the staff of the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Ministry of Energy and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan have proposed the composition of gelatin mass for encapsulation by the rotary matrix method. The mechanical and physical-technological parameters required to preserve the strength and elasticity of the capsule shell during the production process and storage are determined.Aim. Study of the rheological properties of gelatin masses based on gelatin of different grades, as well as the migration of essential oils through capsule shells.Materials and methods. Pharmaceutical active substances "Lipovitol" and "Limoneol" obtained in the Republic of Tajikistan were used as active substances introduced into the composition of soft gelatin capsules. Sunflower oil was used as the solvent. Gelatin samples were used to obtain gelatin masses: 1 – Foodchem (China), 2 – Brodnickie Zaklady Zelatyny Sp. zo.o. (Poland), 3 - Italgelatine s.p.a. (Italy), 4 – Ewald-Gelatine GmbH (Germany), 5 – Weishardt International (France); glycerol; sunflower oil. Gelatin mass for manufacturing soft capsules was prepared in a closed reactor. Capsules were prepared on an automatic encapsulation line RJWJ – 115 Soft Gelatin Encapsulator Machine (China). The structural and mechanical properties of soft gelatin masses were determined on a rotary viscometer RV type "Reotest 2" (Germany). The dynamics of the process of migration of essential oils and its components were studied by changing their amount in a capsule by chromato-mass spectrometry method on a chromatograph Varian CP 3800 with a quadrupole mass spectrometer 4000 MS as a detector (USA).Results and discussion. When studying the rheological properties of model compositions, it was found that for all samples of gelatin masses there is a decrease in values of effective viscosity when the shear rate increases, which characterizes the tested samples as a structured dispersion system. Additional studies have shown that the gelatin masses have thixotropic properties. Samples of gelatin masses 3–5 had narrower hysteresis loops, while sample 5 the narrowest, restoration of the structure took place quite quickly. Capsules obtained from gelatin mass 3 and 4 samples had a strong seam and were well cut out of the tape. From the mass of sample 5, high strength ribbons were obtained, a high temperature was required to seal the capsules, in some capsules the seam was not glued on one side, as a result, the capsules were rigid and brittle. As a result of the study, the rheological optimum of the gelatin mass suitable for preparing capsules by a rotary matrix method was determined, which has boundaries in the ranges of shear rates of 0.556–243 s-1 and viscosity ranges of 11.46-5028.76 Pa ⋅ s and shear stress of 2788–2808 Pa developing at these rates. When studying the migration of active substances through the capsule shell, it was found that over three years of storage of capsules in a closed polymer can, the content of essential oil in Lipovitol capsules decreased by 4.88 %, in Limoneol capsules by 5 %, which indicates partial migration of oil through the gelatin shell. The content remained within the permissible deviations (±10 %). The content of essential essential oil components also remained within acceptable deviations throughout the shelf life.Conclusion. The optimal composition of the shell for producing soft capsules by a rotary matrix method is justified. It was found that the rheological optimum of gelatin mass is characterized by viscosity ranges of 11.46-5028.76 Pa ⋅ s and shear stress of 2788–2808 Pa. According to the results of the study of the migration of essential oils through the shell, has been established the shelf life of soft gelatin capsules in glass jars made of dark glass and a temperature of 15 to 25 °C – 3 years.

Development of Multifunctional Coating of Textile Materials Using Silver Microencapsulated Compositions

The efficiency of the method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a system containing oxalic dialdehyde as a reducing agent, and polyguanidine as a stabilizer is shown. An analysis of the data of photon correlation spectroscopy characterizing the sizes of the formed particles in the Ag-polyelectrolyte system is presented. It has been established that the synthesized silver nanoparticles have a stable biocidal effect. The system of biodegradable polyelectrolytes chitosan-xanthan gum for the synthesis of the capsule shell including silver nanoparticles is selected. This will allow the formation of stable polyelectrolyte capsule shells containing oyster mushroom mycelium extract. A protocol for the synthesis of microcapsules by the method of sequential adsorption of chitosan polyelectrolytes and xanthan gum on calcium carbonate templates was developed. Silver nanoparticles are included in the capsule shell, and a biologically active drug (oyster mushroom mycelium extract) is included in the core. The technological mode of complex capsules immobilization on a textile material by the layer-by-layer method is described. The immobilization of multilayer microcapsules on a fibrous substrate is provided by a system of polyelectrolytes: positively charged chitosan and negatively charged xanthan gum. The developed multifunctional coatings make it possible to impart multifunctional properties to textile materials: antibacterial, antimycotic, high hygroscopic properties.

Inter-Capsule Fusion and Capsule Shell Destruction using Dynamic Covalent Polymers

Herein, capsule shells containing hindered urea bonds were prepared using interfacial polymerization in an oil-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets. After isolation and mild heating, the polymer...

Novel Swellable/Expandable Gastroretentive Floating Films of Gliclazide Folded in Capsule Shell for the Effective Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation Development, Optimization and In vitro Evaluation

Background: Gliclazide (GLZ) belongs to the second-generation of sulphonylureas, is a drug of choice for the management of type II DM. It belongs to BCS Class II. The major site of drug absorption for GLZ is the stomach; it displayed variation in the drug absorption rate and bioavailability due to the shorter gastric retention time. Floating mechanism performance gets affected when the gastric fluid level not sufficiently higher, which ultimately obstructs the floating behavior, which is the major limitation of reported formulations. This limitation can get over by folded the film into the capsule shell that dissolved in gastric fluid and film swell/expands to dimensions higher than pylorus sphincter (12mm), thus prevents its evacuation. Objective: To explore the floating mechanism in the designing of films along with a tendency to expand by swelling and unfolding by utilizing a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer to achieve the controlled drug delivery and prolonged gastric retention of drug. Methods: The gastroretentive floating films were formulated by the solvent casting technique using 32 full factorial design and subjected to in vitro evaluation parameters, drug-excipient compatibility, X-ray diffraction and accelerated stability study. Results: The pre-formulation study established the purity and identification of drug. FTIR study confirmed no drug excipient interaction. F3, F6, and F9 were optimized based on in vitro floating characteristics, swelling/expanding ability, and unfolding time study. All developed formulations were unfolded within 14-22 min after capsule disintegration. The F3 was selected as final formulation as its ability to control the release of drug for 24 hrs followed by Zero-order kinetics having super case 2 transport. XRD confirmed the amorphousness of drug within formulation. The stability study results revealed that formulation was quite stable at extreme storage condition. Conclusion: The developed novel formulation has a good potential for the effective management and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.

Peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa-siswi dalam pemanfaatan daun sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan berbagai penyakit

Background: The use of traditional medicines is increasingly massive, it takes packaging and handling practical ways for the community. Soursop leaf is one of the herbs known to have many pharmacological properties for health. Capsules are an alternative form of packaging that is efficient for the community because in addition to ease of use, it can also mask the unpleasant taste and smell of simplicia.Objectives: This aims to improve the skills of students in the use of soursop (Annona Muricata L.) leaves for the prevention and treatment of various diseases.Methods: This study was used a quasi-experimental design with a postest only approach. This activity was carried out by providing counseling (lecture method) and providing skills on how to package the soursop leaf simplicia powder into a capsule shell on 28 November 2018 at Suka Makmur High School, Aceh Besar. Direct data collection, and analysis using t-dependent tests.Results: The results of the study have shown an increase in the skills of students in the use of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves for the prevention and treatment of various diseases after counseling (p <0.05).Conclusion: Increasing the knowledge of students related to prevention and treatment can be done through counseling, namely counseling about the use of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.)