Augmentation Characteristics and Microbial Community Dynamics of Low temperature Resistant Composite Strains LTF-27

Biogas production in the cold regions of China is hindered by low temperatures, which led to slow lignocellulose biotransformation. Cold-adapted lignocellulose degrading microbial complex community LTF-27 was used to investigate the influence of hydrolysis on biogas production. After 5 days of hydrolysis at 15 ± 1°C, the hydrolysis conversion rate of the straw went up to 22.64%, and the concentration of acetic acid rose to 2,596.56 mg/L. The methane production rates of TS inoculated by LTF-27 reached 204.72 ml/g, which was higher than the biogas (161.34 ml/g), and the CK (121.19 ml/g), the methane production rate of VS increased by 26.88% and 68.92%, respectively. Parabacteroides, Lysinibacillus, and Citrobacter were the main organisms that were responsible for hydrolysis. While numerous other bacteria genera in the gas-producing phase, Macellibacteroides were the most commonly occurring one. Methanosarcina and Methanobacteriaceae contributed 86.25% and 11.80% of the total Archaea abundance during this phase. This study proves the psychrotrophic LTF-27's applicability in hydrolysis and biomass gas production in low temperatures.

Influence of Philazonit biopreparation on the mycobiome of soybean plants rhizosphere

The article presents the results of analysis of biodiversity and spatial-functional structure of the microbial complex in the soil rhizosphere, and development of ways to regulate the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of soybean plants in organic production. Varieties of plants of soy were grown using the biopreparation "Philazonit", which was developed in the company "Philazonit of Ukraine". The study determined the effect of phylazonite biopreparation on the mycobiome of the rhizosphere of soybean plants. The interaction of plants of soy varieties Kent and Suzir’ja with phytopathogenic micromycetes in conditions of the organic production in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Research farm “Skvyrske” of Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IANM of the NAAS) was investigated. The number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of different varieties of soy is determined depending on the variety and technology of its cultivation. It was established that the biopreparation Philazonit inhibits the formation of the number of phytopathogenic micromycetes in the rhizosphere of plants of the soy variety Suzir’ja and Kent during the growing season. It is proved that the representatives of genera: Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus are dominated in the rhizosphere of plants of soy of both varieties. In the rhizospheres of plants of the soy Suzir’ja variety the representatives of genus Penicillium (32.8%) most often occurred. The smallest number of micromycetes were members of the genus Aspergillus (9.5%). In the rhizosphere of plants of the Kent variety dominated by representatives of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium (35.6% and 34.1% respectively). Representatives of the genus Penicillium were 15% and Aspergillus – 15.3% It is proved noted that during the studies there was a correlation between the development of micromycetes and the hydrothermal coefficient – in the flowering phase (r=0.8) and in the ripening phase (r =0.9) except for the germination phase

FEATURES OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF SALINE SOILS OF THE STEPPE ZONE IN KHAKASSIA

The article deals with the results of the study of the biomass of soil microorganisms and the community of oribatid mites in the soils of lake territories in the steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia. It is shown that the transformation of the zoo-microbial complex of chernozem-meadow soils of lake ecosystems in the process of salinization occurs along the path of reducing the microbiomass and metabolic activity (the microbiological part of the complex), the number and species richness (the zoological part of the complex). This transformation is related to the level of saline groundwater occurrence. The study demonstrated that the identified features of the studied soil biological indicators (respiratory activity of microbiomass and its metabolic coefficient, the number and species richness of oribatid mites) can be successfully used in the practice of monitoring ecosystems and soils located in the lake territories in the steppe zone of the Republic of Khakassia.

Complete Genome Sequence of Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri Strain KEM

ABSTRACT Korean effective microorganisms (KEM) comprise a commercial microbial complex originating from the microorganisms found in traditional Korean fermented foods, including kimchi. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the complete genome sequence of Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri, considered a major species of KEM, was assembled. L. parabuchneri strains display large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels, including gene deletions.

Removal of chlortetracycline from water by immobilized Bacillus subtilis on honeysuckle residue derived biochar

Biochar-immobilized microorganism technology is an effective way to remove antibiotic contamination in aqueous solutions. In this study, the effect and mechanism of immobilization of Bacillus subtilis by honeysuckle residue derived biochar for the removal of chlortetracycline(CTC) were investigated using corn straw biochar as a control. The biochar's structural characteristics and properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, specific surface area and pore size analyzer. It was found that honeysuckle residue derived biochar had a well-developed pore structure, which provided adequate living space for microorganisms. The removal rate of CTC (50 mg/L) by honeysuckle residue biochar-microbial complex(HBCM) was 15.31% higher than that of corn straw biochar-microbial complex, indicating that HBCM was an excellent carrier. The mechanism of CTC removal by HBCM was a synergistic effect of biochar adsorption and microbial degradation. The removal process of HBCM material was carried out for 3 days at an optimum substrate concentration of 50 mg/L, ambient temperature of 35°C, solution pH of 7 and the addition of 5 g/L complexes, achieving a removal rate of 78.35%. In addition, the complex possessed high storage stability and could be reused three times continuously and efficiently. This study provides a method for preparing an efficient biochar-microbial complex using Chinese medicine residue waste substrate, which provides a new idea for removing CTC from water.

THE STUDY OF POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ECOLOGICAL GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS EPIPHYTIC MICROBIOTA STELLARIA MEDIA AND URTICA DIOICA

The dynamics of the strength of the epiphytic microbiota of the root zone and phyllosphere of the Stellaria media and Urtica dioica in the vegetation phase of plants (seedlings, flowering, fruiting) was studied. The data on the strength of microorganisms of ecotrophic groups are presented: ammonifying bacteria using mineral forms of nitrogen, bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, micromycetes and bacteria in the spore stage. It was determined that the medium-sized microbiota of the Stellaria media is more strengthen than the Urtica dioica, which is probably due to the morphoanatomical features of plants and the metabolites produced. The microbiota of the rhizosphere of plants of the Stellaria media and Urtica dioica is much more strength than the phyllosphere due to the root exudates of plants that provide food for microorganisms. The dynamics of the microbiota of the rhizosphere reflects the unequal level of metabolite production by plants in different phases of vegetation. The total strength of aerobic bacteria that metabolize organic nitrogen in the basal zone of Stellaria media increases in the flowering phase, and in the basal zone of Urtica dioica – in the phase of seedlings.The greatest strength of microscopic fungi during the flowering phase of Stellaria media is probably associated with the production of metabolites by plants and favorable weather conditions for the development of micromycetes. Micromycetes belong to the following genera: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Fusarium, Botrytis, Mucor, Aspergillus, Cladosporium. The strength of phyllosphere microorganisms varies according to the stages of plant vegetation. The Stellaria media and the Urtica dioica have a specific microbial complex, both in the aboveground and underground parts, which varies during the growing season and differs in a certain ratio of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms.

Peculiarities of change in number and composition of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome in the process of ontogenesis

In agroecosystems, microorganisms are the main factor in the soil formation process, plant nutrition and phytosanitary condition of the soil. Therefore, all measures aimed at restoring soil fertility and increasing productivity, environmental safety of agricultural production are closely linked to the activities of microorganisms. Increased local activity, biomass and diversity of microbiota are one of the most important characteristics that distinguish the rhizosphere from the total soil volume. The aim of the research was to study the number and composition of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of cereals (winter wheat of different varieties of domestic selection) in the process of ontogenesis. To conduct a set of microbiological studies, soil samples were taken and prepared (typical chernozem) in compliance with the standard requirements for sample preparation and storage of samples in the laboratory. The analysis of rhizosphere soil samples was performed according to the variants of different varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection. The number of soil microorganisms was determined by the method of inoculation of suspensions on nutrient media according to generally accepted methods in microbiology. Determination of the total microbial biomass in the soil was carried out by the rehydration method, and the intensity of "respiration" of the soil, respectively, by the release of CO2 and O2 absorption by the manometric method (Warburg apparatus). It is established that varietal specificity is significantly related to the peculiarities of microbiome formation in different phases of plant growth and development, which is an integral indicator of functional and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms. The number and composition of the microbial complex of winter wheat rhizosphere in the process of ontogenesis changes significantly, especially in the ratio of the number of spore-forming and non-spore forms of microorganisms under the same conditions of crop cultivation. The total pool of saprotrophic microorganisms of the rhizosphere demonstrates the variability of biomass and changes in favor of ecoplastic Bacillus. An increase in the number of spore-forming bacteria to 4.2 x 107 CFU/g in the variants of growing certain varieties was found. It is shown that in the cultivation of different varieties of winter wheat there are stable indicators of the intensity of CO2 emissions - from 5.2 to 7.0. A similar trend can be traced to the absorption of O2 (not more than 5.3-6.8).

Structural and spatial organization of the microbial biom of the rhiosphere of plants of eternal green such (Buxus sempervirens L.)

The features of the formation of the structural and spatial organization and biodiversity of the microbial complex of the rhizosphere of plants of the evergreen boxwood (Búxus sempervírens L.) in closed ground are considered. The abundance of the main taxonomic groups of microorganisms of the evergreen boxwood rhizosphere: bacteria, micromycetes, and actinomycetes has been estimated. According to the soil microorganisms population structure results, was established that the quantitative indicators of boxwood rhizospheric microorganisms depends on the physiological state and age of the plants. It has been investigated that the rhizosphere of boxwood is characterized by an insignificant variety of bacterial and fungal microflora. It was shown that the number of bacteria in plant ontogenesis increases from 2.09 ± 0.37 to 4.90 ± 0.62 million/g of soil (10-year-old plants). There is a dynamics of an increase in the number of micromycetes by more than 10 times (2.16 ± 1.22 – 2 year olds; 20.24 ± 2.55 – 4 year olds; 25.94 ± 3.24 thousand CFU/g – 10 year olds) and actinomycetes – 2.4 times (1.87 ± 0.03 million CFU/g). When analyzing the qualitative composition and cultural and morphological properties of isolates of rhizosphere microorganisms of evergreen boxwood, dominant forms were identified that are assigned to representatives of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizopus and Trichoderma.