Optimized Routing Protocols- Enhancement in Mobile Adhoc Network

The recent developments in wireless technology have piqued academics' curiosity. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) is a fast-growing networking architecture used in emergency, disaster, and tactical operations applications. It covers a wide range of applications with some degradation due to its flexible and expandable nature. Because routing is the primary function of wireless networks, routing protocol design is critical in Adhoc networks. Various methods have been used to improve the performance of current routing protocols in different categories. Technical advances in routing protocols have recently been achieved, combined with optimization approaches to improve the overall performance of MANETs routing protocols. This research initially looked at several sorts of routing protocols before going through their variations for energy economy and latency reduction. The previous protocols, which were created utilizing optimization methods, will then illustrate the current requirement. Finally, the review analysis delves into many aspects such as commonly used protocols, optimization techniques, QoS parameters, performance metrics, and future paths.

A Review on Computer Aided Diagnosis of Acute Brain Stroke

Amongst the most common causes of death globally, stroke is one of top three affecting over 100 million people worldwide annually. There are two classes of stroke, namely ischemic stroke (due to impairment of blood supply, accounting for ~70% of all strokes) and hemorrhagic stroke (due to bleeding), both of which can result, if untreated, in permanently damaged brain tissue. The discovery that the affected brain tissue (i.e., ‘ischemic penumbra’) can be salvaged from permanent damage and the bourgeoning growth in computer aided diagnosis has led to major advances in stroke management. Abiding to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta–Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we have surveyed a total of 177 research papers published between 2010 and 2021 to highlight the current status and challenges faced by computer aided diagnosis (CAD), machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based techniques for CT and MRI as prime modalities for stroke detection and lesion region segmentation. This work concludes by showcasing the current requirement of this domain, the preferred modality, and prospective research areas.

Handling qualities of fixed-pitch, variable-speed multicopters for urban air mobility

Optimisation-based control design techniques are applied to multicopters with variable-RPM rotors. The handling qualities and motor current requirements of a quadcopter, hexacopter and octocopter with equal gross weights (5,360N) and total disk areas (producing a 287N/m $^2$ disk loading) are compared in hover. For axes that rely on the rotor thrust (all except yaw), the increased inertia of the larger rotors on the quadcopter increase the current requirement, relative to vehicles with fewer, smaller rotors. Both the quadcopter and hexacopter have maximum current margin requirements (relative to hover) during a step command in longitudinal velocity. In yaw, rotor inertia is irrelevant, as the reaction torque of the motor is the same whether the rotor is accelerating or overcoming drag. This, combined with the octocopter’s greater inertia as well as the fact that it requires 30% less current to drive its motors in hover, results in the octocopter requiring the greatest current margin, relative to hover conditions. To meet handling qualities requirements, the total weight of the motors of the octocopter and hexacopter is comparable at 13.5% weight fraction, but the quadcopter’s motors are heavier, requiring 16% weight fraction. If the longitudinal and lateral axes were flown in ACAH mode, rather than TRC mode, the total motor weight of all configurations would be nearly identical, requiring about 13.5% weight fraction for motors (compared to 7–9% weight fraction from hover torque requirements).

Simulation of Shield Current in Automotive High Voltage Systems

In automotive high voltage (HV) systems, the switching operation of a power electronic converter causes current and voltage ripple in the frequency range of [10 Hz–150 kHz]. Automotive system engineering provides requirements that define the behaviour of HV components in that frequency range. Shielded HV cables must stand induced current in the frequency range of the ripple. One of the relevant requirements is the maximal current stress of the shielding. Several individually shielded cables are used in automotive HV systems, and these shields influence differential mode disturbance currents, such as the ripple current from the traction inverter. In this work, we provide a model and an analysis of shielded cables integrated into an automotive HV system in relation to system-level design parameters. To fill the gaps of existing research, we focused on two questions: How do design parameters influence the shield current value in the frequency range of the current ripple in a vehicle, and how should a shield and connector system be designed with respect to shield currents over the life-time? We applied analytical and simulative solutions to these problems through a co-simulation approach on the architecture of a real vehicle. The presented approach extends existing research by integrating simulations and vehicle measurements to life-time prediction. Moreover, the proposed methods enable the replacement of the state-of-the-art constant 10 A requirement to a driver profile based predicted shield current requirement on individually shielded HV cables in battery electric vehicles (BEV).

Digitalization and humanitarization as key trends of postindustrial model of higher education

Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена необходимостью интеграции гуманитарного, математического и естественно-научного знания в контексте нового этапа в эволюции высшего образования, соответствующего параметрам постиндустриального общества. Цель статьи заключается в обобщении характеристик постиндустриальной модели высшего образования и в систематизации основных образовательных трендов. Отдельно анализируются параметры таких образовательных трендов как цифровизация и гуманитаризация. Автор акцентирует внимание на вызовах и возможностях цифровизации высшего образования как основы для обеспечения востребованности выпускников современных вузов и конкурентоспособности государства в целом. Подчеркивается необходимость адекватного применения информационных образовательных технологий без ущерба для гуманистической центрации личности обучающихся и их духовно-нравственного потенциала. Также в статье представлены статистические данные, отражающие уровень готовности российских университетов к осуществлению образовательной деятельности в контексте цифрового экономического пространства. Проблема гуманизации цифровой образовательной среды рассматривается на примере Удмуртского государственного университета. В частности, раскрывается гуманистический потенциал используемой в вузе электронной информационно-образовательной среды (ЭИОС). Автор приходит к выводу о том, что использование цифровых технологий в качестве прикладного методологического инструментария позволяет укреплять и расширять междисциплинарные связи между гуманитарными, математическими и естественными науками. The relevance of the given article is triggered by the current requirement of integration of the accomplishments accumulated by liberal arts and sciences and mathematical sciences in the context of the new stage of higher education evolution which is expected to fall under the criteria of postindustrial society. The aim of the article is to colligate basic parameters of the postindustrial model of higher education and to summarize its key trends. The paper puts a particular focus on the most distinctive educational trends namely digitalization and humanitarization. The author highlights challenges and options of digitalization of higher education as the staging ground to support university graduates as sought-after experts and to promote competitive position of the state in general. The paper emphasizes the need for the elaborate implementation of digital educational resources so not to damage humanistic, ethic and moral background of students. The article also introduces some statistical profile which reflects to what extent Russian universities are ready to implement the educational activities in the context of digital economic environment. The issue of the humanitarization of digital learning environment is regarded using the example of the Udmurt State University. The paper reveals humanistic potential of Electronic Information-Educational Environment applied in the Udmurt State University. The author comes to the conclusion that the implementation of digital technologies as subordinate methodological tool is expected to contribute to the strengthening and diversification of interdisciplinary links relevant to humanities, mathematics and natural sciences.

Fuel Performance Modelling At High Burn-Up by FEMAXI-6 Code

The scope of current research in the field of fuel performance is primary aimed to an improvement of the operating reliability, safety and cost effectiveness of the reactors in operation. The current requirement of nuclear industry is to have fuel suitable for load follow operation. Fission gas release, Pellet-Cladding Mechanical Interaction and stress corrosion cracking are the main phenomena that limit the variability of reactor operation from a safety perspective. To reasonable predict the fuel performance limits it is necessary to benchmark the computational tools against high quality experimental data. This work is devoted to the calculation of fuel performance using the code FEMAXI-6 based on the longest irradiation experiment in the Halden reactor. The fuel burn-up was approaching 90 MWd/kgUO2 in three selected rods which were equipped by the pressure sensors and were subjected to extensive post-irradiation examination. During the experiment, the rods were exposed to several periods of power cycling. The rods were manufactured with different fuel grain size and fuel-to-clad gap size.

Increasing chitosanase production in Bacilluse cereus by a novel mutagenesis and screeen method

Background Chitosan hydrolysis by chitosanase is one of the most effective methods to produce chitosan oligosaccharides, however, the low yield of chitosanase cannot meet the current requirement. In this paper, a strain producing chitosanase was screened, and a novel mutagenesis system (1)) was selected to increase the yield of chitosanase. The hydrolyzed products from chitosan by chitosanase produced by mutan train were also analyzed by LC-MS. Results A strain of Bacillus cereus capable of producing chitosanase was screened and identified from soil samples. A mutant strain of Bacillus cereus was obtained by ARTP mutagenesis and bioscreening method, and chitosanase activity was 2.49 folds that of the original bacteria. After optimized fermentation conditions, the enzyme activity of the mutant strain was 3.3 folds that of the original bacteria. The relative molecular weight of the purified chitosanase was 43 kDa. Ten chitosan oligosaccharides(2–4 oligosaccharides) were obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with it. Conclutions: The results showed that the ARTP mutagenesis and bioscreening method could significantly increase the yield of chitosanase in B. cereus, and had little effect on the properties of the enzyme. These findings have potential applications in mutagenesis of other enzyme-producing microorganisms.

Training and accreditation for retinal screening and grading

In all national screening programmes, staff training to confirm competency and accreditation to practice in their profession is required for patient safety. This chapter sets out an example of how the UK diabetic eye programme has evolved in this respect. The current National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) level 3: Health screener: diabetic eye screening for personnel undertaking screening and grading, will be explained. In some programmes, slit lamp examination is now provided by graders, as well as ophthalmologists and optometrists. The current requirement is detailed. In addition, all grading staff should also participate in test and training of retinal image sets in order to confirm accuracy of grading. At least 10 test sets should be undertaken per annum.

Study on assessment of indigenous knowledge in adapting to floods of farmers in An Giang province

This research was carried out to systematize and assess the appropriateness of farmer’s indigenous knowledge and their ability adapt with the flood in An Giang province, results of the research will provide a scientific foundation for proposing solutions to conserve and enhance the use of indigenous knowledge in reducing the vulnerability of people living in flooded areas. The results showed that local people used several effective indigenous knowledges for adapting with floods. However, the valuable indigenous knowledge has not been recorded yet, nor documented in written materials for sharing to young generations and communities; some indigenous practices are not suitable with the current requirement for flood adapation strategies. Research results showed that (LVI) of diffirent Zone (upper zone, middle zone, lower zone) are decreasingly dependent on major components of social networks, knowledge and skills, natural resources, finance and incomes, livelihood strategies, natural disater and climate variability. In which, (LVI: 0.390) of Phu Huu commune in An Phu district which locates in the upper zone is higher than LVI of two communes located in the lower part of the river. These communes are Vinh An commune (LVI: 0.287), Chau Thanh district (middle zone) and Vinh Phuoc commune (LVI: 0.331), Tri Ton district (lower zone) and adaptive capacity of Phu Huu commune (0.399) is also higher than Vinh An (0.299) and Vinh Phuoc (0.337). It reflects the direct proportion between LVI and adaptive capacity. The research also suggests some solutions to conserve the valuable indigenous knowledge in adapting to climate change of local people.

An Analysis of Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter Topologies with Energy Transfer Media

As miniaturized mobile devices with various functionalities are highly desired, the current requirement for loading blocks is gradually increasing. Accordingly, the efficiency of the power converter that supports the current to the loading bocks is a critical specification to prolong the battery time. Unfortunately, when using a small inductor for the miniaturization of mobile devices, the efficiency of the power converter is limited due to a large parasitic DC resistance (RDCR) of the inductor. To achieve high power efficiency, this paper proposes an energy transfer media (ETM) that can make a switched inductor capacitor (SIC) converter easier to design, maintaining the advantages of both a conventional switched capacitor (SC) converter and a switched inductive (SI) converter. This paper shows various examples of SIC converters as buck, boost, and buck-boost topologies by simply cascading the ETM with conventional non-isolated converter topologies without requiring a sophisticated controller. The topologies with the ETM offer a major advantage compared to the conventional topologies by reducing the inductor current, resulting in low conduction loss dissipated at RDCR. Additionally, the proposed topologies have a secondary benefit of a small output voltage ripple owing to the continuous current delivered to the load. Extensions to a multi-phase converter and single-inductor multiple-output converter are also discussed. Furthermore, a detailed theoretical analysis of the total conduction loss and the inductor current reduction is presented. Finally, the proposed topologies were simulated in PSIM, and the simulation results are discussed and compared with conventional non-isolated converter topologies.