Comparative Analysis of Assessment Systems of Foot Function

Summary. The assessment of foot and ankle function still remains an actual issue of the modern orthopedics. Objective: comparative qualitative analysis of the most common assessment systems of foot and ankle function. Materials and Methods. The search from PubMed databases from 1946 to 2021 was done. 8898 publications were detected in which assessment systems of foot and ankle function have been used. 12 assessment systems presented in 5705 publications were selected for analysis (inclusion criterion – no less than 40 publications): AOFAS scale, VAS, SF-36 EQL, FFI, FAOS, FAAM, FADI, BFS, MOFAQ, FFI-R, Roles&Maudsley scale, VAS FA. The analysis predicted the assessment system philosophy: numerical estimate, VAS, Likert scale, patient- or investigatororiented, and reliability evidence. Results. Most of the analized assessment systems meet criteria of reliability (r>0.8; Kronbach’s α≥0.9). For Roles&Maudsley scale and VAS, FA reliability has not been established. The validity fluctuates widely. Conclusions. The choice of an assessment system must meet the research tasks. The consideration of strong and weak sides of assessment systems promotes their adequate combinations to avoid the bias effect.

REPRESENTASI SOSIAL BUDAYA SUKU AMBAI DALAM CERITA RAKYAT (THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATION OF THE AMBAI TRIBE IN AMBAI’S FOLKLORES)

Cerita rakyat Ambai merupakan produk budaya yang mengandung nilai-nilai. Sosial budaya yang mencerminkan masyarakat penutur, seperti pola pikir, sistem kepercayaan, sistem sosial, falsafah kehidupan masyarakat Ambai. Ekspresi dan simbol dalam cerita rakyat Ambai merupakan representasi sosial budaya masyarakat Ambai terkait dengan nilai sosial budaya pendidikan mereka. Representasi sosial budaya suku Ambai terkandung dalam tujuh unsur budaya menurut Koentjaraningrat, yaitu agama dan upacara keagamaan, sistem sosial, sistem pengetahuan, sistem bahasa, sistem peralatan hidup, sistem mata pencaharian, dan seni. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sastra sosiologis dengan mengkaji makna representasi berdasarkan pendapat Sumarjo. Kehadiran peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai instrumen kunci. Kegiatan yang dilakukan peneliti adalah membaca teks, mengidentifikasi, menyusun, mengklasifikasikan, dan menginterpretasikan data yang bersumber dari teks cerita rakyat Ambai. Kata kunci: Representasi, Nilai Pendidikan, Sosial Budaya, Suku Ambai. The folktale of Ambai is a cultural product that were contain of values. Socio-culture that are reflects of the speaking community, such as the mindset, belief system, social system, philosophy of life of the Ambai people. The expressions and symbols in the Ambai folktale are socio-cultural representations of the Ambai community related to their socio-cultural educational values. The socio-cultural representation of the Ambai tribe is contained in seven cultural elements according to Koentjaraningrat, namely religion and religious ceremonies, social systems, knowledge systems, language systems, living equipment systems, livelihood systems, and arts. This research is a qualitative research using sociological literary approach with a review of the meaning of representation based on Sumarjo's opinion. The presence of researchers in this study are as a key instrument. The activity carried out by the researcher was reading text, identify, codify, classify, and interpret or interpreting data, which is sourced from Ambai folktale texts. Keywords: Representation, educational values, socio-culture, Ambai tribe.

Development of space-based distributed systems under spatial grasp technology.

Many governmental agencies and private companies of different countries are now rushing into space around Earth in the hope to provide smart communication, industrial, security and defense solutions. This often involves massive launches of small cheap satellites which are also contributing to the growth of space debris. The current paper discusses how the developed high-level system philosophy and model can effectively organize distributed space-based systems on different stages of their development and growth. The briefed Spatial Grasp Technology, based on parallel pattern-matching of distributed environments with high-level recursive mobile code, can effectively provide any networking protocols and important applications of large satellite constellations, especially those in low Earth orbits. The article gives some examples of technology-based solutions for establishing basic communications between satellites, starting from their initial, often chaotic, launches and distributing and collecting data in the growing constellations with even unstable and rapidly changing connections between satellites. It describes how to organize and register networking topologies in case of predictable distances between satellites, and how the fixed networking structures can help in solving complex problems. The latter includes those related to the new Space Development Agency’s multiple-satellite defense-oriented architecture and allows for effective integration of its continuous Earth custody observation and cooperative missile tracking and elimination layers, based on self-spreading mobile intelligence. Earlier versions of the technology, described in many papers, six books including, were prototyped and used in different countries, with the current one quickly implementable too, even in university-based environments.

Challenges facing the school performance development system from the viewpoint of educators in Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate, Sultanate of Oman: التحديات التي تواجه نظام تطوير الأداء المدرسي من وجهة نظر التربويين في محافظة شمال الشرقية بسلطنة عمان

This study intended to explore the obstacles that are facing school performance development in the Sultanate of Oman in the aspects of system philosophy, school administration, implementation and the human and material resources and the difficulties impeding achieving planned goals from the perspective of administrative supervisors, principals and teachers in the east north governorate. This study utilized descriptive approach. A survey used to collect data and applied upon a sample of 19 administrative supervisors, 22 principles, and 88 teachers from Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate. The results of the study showed that the overall tool has obtained a total average (3.62 out of 5) considered (large) and in aspects level. The administrative factors obtained the highest average (3.68), then executive procedures with an average of (3.68), thirdly, the challenges of material resources with an average of (3.64) and finally the challenges of the philosophy of the school performance system with an average of (3.46) all are significant challenges. The study indicates also that there are some challenges in the implementation process and the financial aspects at the average level. The study recommended principals and development team training about the proper implementation of the school performance tools. The study also recommended that financial support should be provided to schools to implement the system efficiently and in a sufficient way. It also recommended discussing the ultimate report for the performance development system in regular educational meetings.

Methodology of Aesthetics

Consideration is made of the modern realist “democratic aesthetics” of Russian thinkers (i.e., the Utopians like Proudhon and Tolstoy and the revolutionary democratic conceptions of thinkers like Belinskii and Herzen and the Proletarian socialist aesthetics of Marxism-Leninist thought) and the modern Chinese cultural aesthetics approach of Qian Xuesen. This results in the emergence of a set of methodological values of system philosophy and concludes that system philosophy constitutes the methodology of aesthetic research.

The Fundamental Principles and Laws of the Ontology of Systems Aesthetic Philosophy

This chapter notes that the philosophical ontology of system aesthetics is also the ontology of the systems philosophy and points out that system philosophy is the foundation of systemic beauty and explains the basic rules of systemic aesthetics. According to the view of systems philosophy, beauty lies in the unity of system diversity: the regularity and the rationality of the unity, the symmetry and non-conservation of the universe, the fit-for-purpose of the least action principle, and the hierarchy and structure of optimization. Those all constitute the overall beauty of systems aesthetics.

BRAZILIAN KEY–THINKERS ON EDUCATION

It is almost a consensus among the Brazilians that, in order to solve the social issues, the education must be improved. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the Brazilian key-thinkers on education. Rui Barbosa, Fernando de Azevedo, Anísio Teixeira, Cecília Meireles, and Paulo Freire were selected because they worked to develop some aspects of education: politics, educational system, philosophy of education, childhood education and pedagogical methods. These intellectuals fought against powerful societal forces, but they did not give up on transforming the Brazilian education, and, consequently, the Brazilian society. Therefore, they were selected to represent the Brazilian key-thinkers on education.

PHILOSOPHIE DER ZUKUNFT ODER EINE ZUKUNFT OHNE PHILOSOPHIE? LUDWIG FEUERBACHS PRAKTISCHE PHILOSOPHIE IM SPIEGEL DES REVOLUTIONÄREN VORMÄRZ

The period between 1830 (July Revolution in France) and 1848 (March Revolution in Germany) is not only a period of political upheavals, not only the beginning of the so called Industrial Revolution in Germany, but also an extraordinary philosophical era characterized by Hegel’s scholars. The so called Vormärzphilosophie (pre-March philosophy) was dominated by two different schools of Hegelianism. There was one faction which saw in the continuation of Hegel’s speculative system philosophy the intellectual fundament of a modern constitutional state. On the other side stood those “philosophers of the future” like the brothers Ludwig and Friedrich Feuerbach or Karl Marx who worked on a complete break with Hegel’s system of science because of its theological roots. Going back to the idea of an absolute spirit meant from this perspective going back to a non-enlightened school of thinking. The philosophy of future was a philosophy with a strong practical accent as Marx had put into words in his 11th thesis on Feuerbach. First step of this practical program was the secularization, which was first of all an educational program, since the church (theological faculties) educated the teachers, wrote the school books and prevented any enlightenment of the people. In the consequence people were not only treated as bad sinners, but also as eternal subject with no right of political participation. So the break with Hegel and the Hegelian theory of a Christian state opened the door to a united and democratic Germany. The way to democracy and unity was long. It took – seen from 1848 – 100 years to give Germany a lasting constitution and 140 years to unite.