scholarly journals On the quality of skinfold measurements using skinfold and sliding calipers

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Permiakova ◽  
◽  
A.G. Sipatrova ◽  
E.Z. Godina ◽  
A.V. Anisimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Technical Measurement ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
Mutual Comparison ◽  
Cross Calibration ◽  
And Control

A comparative study of the calipers GPM (DKSH, Switzerland), Holtain (Holtain Ltd, Great Britain), the caliper designed by V.E. Deryabin, and the sliding caliper GPM (Martin type) was carried out by the four measurers. The study was conducted using a metal caliper checking gauge GPM, a ‘sandwiches’ of soft silicone rubber kSil™ GP250 (Silicon Engineering, UK), as well as by measurements of subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and calf skinfolds utilized in the Heath-Carter somatotype assessment scheme, in 20 adult volunteers (10 women and 10 men). Results and discussion. When measuring the caliper checking gauge, the V.E. Deryabin’s and the sliding caliper were accurate, the caliper GPM slightly underestimated (by 0.2 mm), and the caliper Holtain overestimated the exact values (by 0.4-0.6 mm). When measuring ‘sandwiches’ of silicone rubber, the GPM and Holtain calipers showed small but statistically significant differences between measurers (up to 1.4 mm), and for the V.E. Deryabin’s caliper, these differences were more pronounced (up to 5 mm). With a sufficiently high reproducibility of skinfold data, the mean values of their total thickness for the GPM and Holtain calipers differed significantly, and for the V.E. Deryabin and GPM calipers, there were no significant differences. The measurement data using the sliding caliper were consistent with those for the Holtain caliper but showed the largest variation of data between measurers: the maximal difference of the total skinfold thickness averages was 5.2 mm and 7.1 mm in the female and male subgroups, respectively, or 10-14% of the total averages. Conclusion. The results obtained support the need for mutual comparison of skinfold calipers and control of technical measurement errors to ensure data comparability. Cross-calibration of skinfold calipers is a necessary procedure that should precede the anthropometric study. When measured by an experienced anthropologist, the technical error of measuring skinfolds with a sliding caliper can be reduced, but this instrument is not recommended for training and subsequent use for skinfold measurements due to the high risk of obtaining inconsistent data.

Development of reference materials with the composition of propyl and isopropyl alcohol solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Irina A. Piterskikh ◽  
Svetlana V. Vikhrova ◽  
Nina G. Kovaleva ◽  
Tatyana O. Barynskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Characteristic Mass

Certified reference materials (CRM) composed of propyl (11383-2019) and isopropyl (11384-2019) alcohols solutions were created for validation of measurement procedures and control of measurement errors of measurement results of mass concentrations of toxic substances (alcohol) in biological objects (urine, blood) and water. Two ways of establishing the value of the certified characteristic – mass consentration of propanol-1 or propanol-2 have been studied. The results obtained by the preparation procedure and comparison with the standard are the same within the margin of error.

The effect of practicing yoga during pregnancy on labor stages length, anxiety and pain: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellahe Mohyadin ◽  
Zohreh Ghorashi ◽  
Zahra Molamomanaei
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and fear of labor pain has led to elevated cesarean section rate in some countries. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga in pregnancy on anxiety, labor pain and length of labor stages.MethodsThis clinical trial study was performed on 84 nulliparous women who were at least 18 years old and were randomly divided into two groups of yoga and control groups. Pregnancy Yoga Program consisting of 6 60-min training sessions was started every 2 weeks from week 26 of pregnancy and continued until 37 weeks of gestation. Anxiety severity at maternal admission to labor was measured by the Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and labor pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at dilatation (4–5 cm) and 2 h after the first measurement. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and t-test.ResultsIntervention group reported less pain at dilatation (4–5 cm) (p=0.001) and 2 h after the first measurement (p=0.001) than the control group. Stat anxiety was also lower in intervention group than the control group (p=0.003) at the entrance to labor room. Subjects in the control group required more induction compared to intervention group (p=0.003). Women in intervention group experienced shorter duration of the first phase of the labor than the control group (p=0.002). Also, the total duration of two stages of labor was shorter in intervention group than the control group (p=0.003).ConclusionsPracticing yoga during pregnancy may reduce women’s anxiety during labor; shorten labor stages, and lower labor pain.

Superiority of skinfold measurements and waist over waist-to-hip ratio for determination of body fat distribution in a population-based cohort of Caucasian Dutch adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris J G Ketel ◽  
Mariken N M Volman ◽  
Jacob C Seidell ◽  
Coen D A Stehouwer ◽  
Jos W Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Skinfold Measurements

Objective: To determine which anthropometric measurement is the most reliable alternative for fat distribution as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Design: Population-based survey carried out in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Subjects and methods: A total of 376 individuals (200 women) with a mean age of 36.5 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.0 (±3.1) kg/m2 underwent various anthropometric and DXA measurements of central (CFM) and peripheral fat mass (PFM). Furthermore, for the assessment of apple-shaped body composition, CFM-to-PFM ratio was calculated. Anthropometric measurements were waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI, waist/length and the skinfold thickness of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal (SI), subscapular (SS) and upper leg. We determined whether equations of combined anthropometrics were even more reliable for the assessment of fat mass. Results: In both women and men, reliable alternatives for CFM are central skinfolds and waist (Pearson’s correlation (r) ≥ 0.8). Peripheral skinfolds are the best predictors of PFM (r ≥ 0.8). In contrast, WHR correlated only marginally with any of the DXA measurements. Equations based on several anthropometric variables correlate with CFM even better (R2 ≥ 0.8). CFM-to-PFM ratio has the highest correlation with the ratio (SS+SI)/BMI in women (r = 0.66) and waist/length in men (r = 0.71). Equations are reasonable alternatives of CFM-to-PFM ratio (R2 ≥ 0.5). Conclusion: Waist and skinfolds are reliable alternatives for the measurement of body fat mass in a cohort of Caucasian adults. WHR is not appropriate for the measurement of fat distribution.

Dynamic Measurement of Spatial Attitude at Bottom Rotating Drillstring: Simulation, Experimental, and Field Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilong Xue ◽  
Ruihe Wang ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Leilei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Gas Drilling

In the oil and gas drilling engineering, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system is usually used to provide real-time monitoring of the position and orientation of the bottom hole. Particularly in the rotary steerable drilling technology and application, it is a challenge to measure the spatial attitude of the bottom drillstring accurately in real time while the drillstring is rotating. A set of “strap-down” measurement system was developed in this paper. The triaxial accelerometer and triaxial fluxgate were installed near the bit, and real-time inclination and azimuth can be measured while the drillstring is rotating. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the continuous measurement was established during drilling. The real-time signals of the accelerometer and the fluxgate sensors are processed and analyzed in a time window, and the movement patterns of the drilling bit will be observed, such as stationary, uniform rotation, and stick–slip. Different signal processing methods will be used for different movement patterns. Additionally, a scientific approach was put forward to improve the solver accuracy benefit from the use of stick–slip vibration phenomenon. We also developed the Kalman filter (KF) to improve the solver accuracy. The actual measurement data through drilling process verify that the algorithm proposed in this paper is reliable and effective and the dynamic measurement errors of inclination and azimuth are effectively reduced.

A Design of Coal Mine Security Monitoring Substation Based on ZIGBEE and CAN Bus

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1033-1036
Author(s):  
Hui Jun Wang ◽  
Zhi Qun Yong
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Can Bus ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Security Monitoring ◽  
Mine Development ◽  
Security Monitoring System ◽  
And Control

In view of the shortcoming such as wiring difficulties, poor scalability, and big cable usage in present mine security monitoring system, this paper puts forward a kind of substation monitoring and control system based on ZIGBEE and CAN. With the core of core, The system collects various measurement data of sensors through the ZIGBEE wireless network, realizes the to collect, and then through the CAN bus to realize the transmission of control commands and data of the up and down machine, and monitor the production parameters and environmental parameters in the coal mine. Experiments show that the monitoring substation is of high real-time performance, good stability, strong expansibility, etc., and can meet the requirements of the coal mine development and mining.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of zinc oxide-eugenol and glass ionomer cements on Candida albicans

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carolina Aguiar Cassanho ◽  
Aletéia Massula Fernandes ◽  
Luciane Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of glass ionomer (GIC) and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cements against Candida albicans. Standardized GIC and ZOE specimens were maintained in contact with C. albicans suspension (1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> 10(6) cells/ml) at 37°C for 24 h, 48 h or 7 days. A control group without any testing cement was included. After the incubation period, aliquots of 0.1 ml were plated on Sabouraud's agar, and then the number of colonies was counted. The results were expressed as values of logarithms of colony-forming units per milliliter (log CFU/mL) and were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. After 48 h of incubation, the ZOE group presented no growth of C. albicans. GIC and control groups presented similar mean values at all tested periods. According to the results obtained, it could be concluded that, under the experimental conditions, ZOE cement was more effective in vitro against C. albicans than GIC.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Insulation Resistance and Temperature Measurement Error in Type K and Type N Mineral Insulated, Metal Sheathed Thermocouples

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pearce ◽  
Declan Tucker ◽  
Carmen García Izquierdo ◽  
Raul Caballero ◽  
Trevor Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Type K ◽  
Reference Type ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
And Control

AbstractMineral insulated, metal sheathed (MI) Type K and Type N thermocouples are widely used in industry for process monitoring and control. One factor that limits their accuracy is the dramatic decrease in the insulation resistance at temperatures above about 600 °C which results in temperature measurement errors due to electrical shunting. In this work the insulation resistance of a cohort of representative MI thermocouples was characterised at temperatures up to 1160 °C, with simultaneous measurements of the error in indicated temperature by in situ comparison with a reference Type R thermocouple. Intriguingly, there appears to be a systematic relationship between the insulation resistance and the error in the indicated temperature. At a given temperature, as the insulation resistance decreases, there is a corresponding increasingly negative error in the temperature measurement. Although the measurements have a relatively large uncertainty (up to about 1 °C in temperature error and up to about 10 % in insulation resistance measurement), the trend is apparent at all temperatures above 600 °C, which suggests that it is real. Furthermore, the correlation disappears at temperatures below about 600 °C, which is consistent with the well-established diminution of insulation resistance breakdown effects below that temperature. This raises the intriguing possibility of using the as-new MI thermocouple calibration as an indicator of insulation resistance breakdown: large deviations of the electromotive force (emf) in the negative direction could indicate a correspondingly low insulation resistance.

scholarly journals Making roundness measurement applications and control systems on the Roundness Tester Machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Dodi Sofyan Arief ◽  
◽  
Eko Jadmiko ◽  
Adhy Prayitno ◽  
Muftil Badri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Center Point ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Roundness Deviation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dial Indicator ◽  
Roundness Measurement

Dial indicator is a comparison device usually used in industrial activities, especially in production. To make measurements at this time must be supported by technology that can facilitate operators when using it and when analyzing measurement results. Involving the programme and microcontroller are a solution to developing in roundness measurement, and then the results can be more accurate or thorough between the readable values read from the measuring instrument with the actual value of varying the amount of data. Roundness application is a program that can input measurement data automatically and can do calculations directly. Then, it can display a reference circle, a table that calculates the values of X, Y, R, X’, Y’, R’, Roundness Deviation, Run out Concentricity or a shift in the center point and also the center point shift or Theta. In measuring roundness, the test object is used the Standard Mandrel which has been certified by PT. Global Quality Indonesia, by determining three points or positions, namely in the first position the amount of data is 180, in the second position the amount of data is 90 and in the third position, the amount of data is 60 with a rotating speed of 15 mm/s. The results of the reference circle can be seen in each calculation in each position, in the second position the roundness deviation values are approaching of the Mandrel.

scholarly journals Assessment of Expression of SOCS Genes in Acquired Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Somayeh Sangseifid ◽  
Pariya Shahani ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian ◽  
Shahram Arsang-Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Control

Acquired immune-mediated polyneuropathies are classified to some subtypes among them are acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (AIDP and CIDP). These two conditions share some common signs and underlying mechanisms. Based on the roles of Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes in the modulation of immune system reactions, these genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. We evaluated expression of SOCS1-3 and SOCS5 genes in the leukocytes of 32 cases of CIDP, 19 cases of AIDP and 40 age- and sex-matched controls using real time PCR method. The Bayesian regression model was used to estimate differences in mean values of genes expressions between cases and control group. Expression levels of SOCS1 and SOCS2 were significantly lower in male patients compared with controls. This sex-specific pattern was also observed for SOCS3 down-regulation. Based on the area under curve values in Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve, diagnostic powers of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and SOCS5 genes in the mentioned disorder were 0.61, 0.73, 0.68 and 0.58, respectively. Expression of none of genes was correlated with age of enrolled cases. The current study shows evidences for participation of SOCS genes in the pathophysiology of acquired immune-mediated polyneuropathies.

scholarly journals Reduced Serum Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Zaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biochemical Assessment ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Adiponectin is a collagen-like plasma protein secreted by adipocytes that has been suggested to play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance. Even though hypoadiponectinaemia is reported to be closely associated with obesity-related diseases such as ACVD, type 2 DM, dyslipidaemia, report from our environment is lacking. Materials and Methods: Serum adiponectin, insulin and glucose were measured in 90 type 2 diabetic and control subjects respectively. The patients were known diabetics attending the diabetic clinic at the ABUTH, Zaria. The control subjects were apparently healthy individuals within the hospital and Zaria environs. Results: Mean serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. On the other hand, the mean values of insulin and glucose were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the controls. Conclusion: Measurement of serum adiponectin as an adjunct in the biochemical assessment of type 2 DM is suggested.

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