Explosion Shock Measurement System of the Precursor Warhead for the Tandem Projectile

This paper presents a system that measures the acceleration of the shock caused by the explosion of the precursor warhead for the tandem projectile. The proposed system, which is implemented based on the MIL-STD-810G, Method 517.1, consists of a miniaturized shock measurement device, a cable, accelerometers, and a trigger circuit. The shock measurement device has a size of ￠102 x 171 mm and cable has a length of 3 m. The operational confirmation test is conducted by implementing the measurement system. The Analysis of shock data(accelerometer output data) is carried out using Shock Response Spectrum(SRS), pseudo velocity and plot of acceleration time transient. Through measurement analysis, one can predict the damage of electronics in projectile when precursor warhead is exploded.

Novel approaches for quickly measuring engine speed applied to gasoline engine diagnostics

The parameter of engine speed plays an important role to recognize the engine's condition while working. By using this parameter, it is possible to diagnose engine's malfunctions. In this study, in case of the gasoline engine, we introduce two efficient methods for measuring the engine speed without extracting electrical signals from conventional engine speed sensors. For the first approach, based on the signal pin of the sensor, the engine speed was determined from the frequency of manifold absolute pressure. For the second approach, the frequency of the voltage drop measured at the battery positive terminal caused by ignition operation is the key to calculate the engine speed. The noise filter circuits and the amplifier circuits are used to refine signal, Besides, a Schmitt Trigger circuit using a NE555 timer IC was designed to reshape the oscillation signal from either of these sources into a square wave of which frequency was measured and converted to the engine speed by a microprocessor and display the result on the LCD screen.Compared to engine speed measured by a conventional inductive sensor, the proposed methods provide a competitive result with fast response. The second approach was highly promising due to its simplicity involving in direct voltage measurement at the battery positive terminal.

Fully digital PET is unaffected by any deterioration in TOF resolution and TOF image quality in the wide range of routine PET count rates

Purpose Digital PET involving silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) provides an enhanced time-of-flight (TOF) resolution as compared with photomultiplier (PMT)-based PET, but also a better prevention of the count-related rises in dead time and pile-up effects mainly due to smaller trigger domains (i.e., the detection surfaces associated with each trigger circuit). This study aimed to determine whether this latter property could help prevent against deteriorations in TOF resolution and TOF image quality in the wide range of PET count rates documented in clinical routine. Methods Variations, according to count rates, in timing resolution and in TOF-related enhancement of the quality of phantom images were compared between the first fully digital PET (Vereos) and a PMT-based PET (Ingenuity). Single-count rate values were additionally extracted from the list-mode data of routine analog- and digital-PET exams at each 500-ms interval, in order to determine the ranges of routine PET count rates. Results Routine PET count rates were lower for the Vereos than for the Ingenuity. For Ingenuity, the upper limits were estimated at approximately 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps after injection of respectively 3 and 5 MBq.kg-1 of current 18F-labeled tracers. At 5.8 Mcps, corresponding to the lower limit of the routine count rates documented with the Ingenuity, timing resolutions provided by the scatter phantom were 326 and 621 ps for Vereos and Ingenuity, respectively. At higher count rates, timing resolution was remarkably stable for Vereos but exhibited a progressive deterioration for Ingenuity, respectively reaching 732 and 847 ps at the upper limits of 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps. The averaged TOF-related gain in signal/noise ratio was stable at approximately 2 for Vereos but decreased from 1.36 at 5.8 Mcps to 1.14 and 1.00 at respectively 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps for Ingenuity. Conclusion Contrary to the Ingenuity PMT-based PET, the Vereos fully digital PET is unaffected by any deterioration in TOF resolution and consequently, in the quality of TOF images, in the wide range of routine PET count rates. This advantage is even more striking with higher count-rates for which the preferential use of digital PET should be further recommended (i.e., dynamic PET recording, higher injected activities).

Automatic Non-Contact Fever Detector to Prevent COVID-19 Spread in Public Places

The COVID-19 virus has spread around the world and over 22 million people were diagnosed with the virus. Fevers are one of the top three symptoms of coronavirus, the others being coughs and shortness of breath. A critical component to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is to quickly detect fevers in public places, including hospitals, doctor offices, elder care centers, schools, gyms, movie theaters, restaurants, etc. Today, thermometers can be used in these places, but they require manual operation by dedicated health workers. To make temperature measurement an automatic process, an automatic non-contact fever detector is developed. The fever detector consists of several components: a clinically tested and precisely calibrated thermometer to guarantee accuracy and reliability, a motion sensor to detect the readiness of temperature taking, a relay-based trigger circuit to replace the manual trigger of the thermometer, and a DC-to-DC regulator to replace batteries in the thermometer. LCD signals and the buzz signal from the thermometer, are used to determine the measurement results. Lighting and sound signals are used as indication of normal temperature or fever. All the functions of the detector are controlled by a microcontroller. The detector has been thoroughly tested for continuous operation. Once widely used, the detector will help to detect fevers in public places and prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus

The nucleus serves as the pacemaker for the cell cycle

Mitosis is a dramatic cellular process that affects all parts of the cell. In Xenopus embryos and extracts it is driven by the activation of a bistable trigger circuit, whose various components are localized in the nucleus, centrosome, and cytoplasm. In principle, whichever cellular location has the fastest intrinsic rhythm should act as a pacemaker for the process. Here we followed tubulin polymerization and depolymerization in Xenopus egg extracts supplemented with demembranated sperm, and thereby identified locations where mitosis first occurred. We found that mitosis was commonly first initiated at sperm-derived nuclei and their accompanying centrosomes, and then spread outward in circular trigger waves. The cell cycle was ∼20% more rapid at the nucleus/centrosome-associated trigger wave sources than in the regions of the extract that appeared not to be entrained by trigger waves. Nuclei produced from phage DNA, which did not possess centrosomes, also acted as trigger wave sources, but purified centrosomes in the absence of nuclei did not. We conclude that the nucleus accelerates mitotic entry and propose that it acts as a pacemaker for cell cycle.One Sentence SummaryStudies in cycling Xenopus egg extracts show that mitosis first occurs in the nucleus and then spreads outward through the cytoplasm in circular trigger waves.

CENSORSHIP OF LEAKAGE PARAMETERS OF A FINFET BASED SCHMITT TRIGGER AT NANO-METER REGIME

Purpose: Recently FinFET technology has gained a lot of attention because of its superior fabrication process that is very similar to the fabrication of a conventional transistor. FinFETs unique feature as well as the potential applications make it a strong contender for the low power chip designs. Research is in full swing to use FinFET in analog circuits like Schmitt trigger, sensors, OPAMP and digital logic. The realization of the FinFET based circuits predicts that it is possible to broaden the concept of Moore’s law without unstoppable scaling of CMOS devices. Methodology: This work is carried out on the Candence Simulation tool. After the simulation, all these parameters have been compared with previous published 4T Schmitt trigger at 45nm with this design and found that they are in close vicinity. Main Findings: By combining the superior flexibility and reduced short channel effects (SCEs) of FinFET devices offers a promising approach to implement highly integrated, power-efficient Schmitt Trigger circuit for low power digital applications. Schmitt trigger is a device capable of removing unwanted noise from the input and prevent the other operations from this unwanted noise and improve the performance of the device. Implications: This study is discussing and performs a comparative analysis of different leakage parameters of a FinFET based Schmitt Trigger with previous 4T Schmitt Trigger at 45nm. The novelty of Study: Size, power, speed, Cost etc. are important factors for designing any new circuits in the field of Electronics. Various eminent researchers have been making efforts for this. This paper makes some effort to discuss about past research and design a new circuit where the value of delay, leakage power and dynamic power reduces when compared to previously published circuits.