Street Posyandu: Early reproductive health promotion services and media for people in street situations

The phenomenon of children on the streets is currently a severe problem in several cities in Indonesia. Women and children are the most vulnerable groups in the street community during the pandemic. Due to the complexity of people's health problems in street situations that are influenced by social and economic factors, this community service is expected to bridge the barriers to health access, especially reproductive health. This program aims to provide initial health services for people in street situations. Street Posyandu is expected to be a role model for the government and private sectors in dealing with people's health problems in street situations. The Street Posyandu program uses a persuasive approach. The technology used to support the Street Posyandu is the creation of a monitoring system and recording of maternal and child health conditions for street community. Posyandu Jalanan is realized by continuing to prioritize promotive and preventive services without neglecting curative (treatment) and rehabilitative (health restoration) aspects. The specific suggestion to be conveyed in this program is that the stakeholders need to redesign the form of health services aimed at communities in street situations.

Metaphorical Creativity

Most accounts of metaphorical creativity from a cognitive linguistic perspective build on the idea that there are conventional correspondences (mappings) between well-established domains (a source and a target) and that metaphorical creativity occurs when new mappings are added to the conventional ones. But, in many cases, a fuller account of metaphorical creativity is necessary. This chapter argues, relying on previous work, that many cases of creativity cannot be explained unless close attention is paid to the role of context in metaphorical creativity. Its specific suggestion is that it is important to try to be coherent not only with universal embodiment as a major factor in metaphorical conceptualization but also with several other factors that regulate the conceptualization of the world, such as the situational, discourse, and cognitive-conceptual context. This coherence with context results in the creation of context-induced metaphors that are often novel and unconventional.

Semantic Facts and a Priori Knowledge

This paper is a response to a paper by Marcus Giaquinto in which he argues that lexical meaning is moderately indeterminate and that this poses a problem for the linguistic view of a priori knowledge. I argue that accepting the moderate indeterminacy thesis as he presents it is perfectly compatible with both the linguistic view in general and the specific suggestion that some a priori knowledge can be explained by appealing to synonymy. I also argue that, in fact, Giaquinto's considerations speak in favour of the linguistic view rather than against it. The general lesson is that, contrary to what might be suspected, the linguistic view does not presuppose an implausibly simple and tidy conception of lexical meaning.

Technical Efficiency And Its Determinants: An Empirical Study Of Surgical Instruments Cluster Of Pakistan

The empirical study was conducted to examine the technical efficiency of SMEs in the export-oriented surgical instruments cluster of Sialkot, Pakistan. Data was collected through survey questionnaire from 70 SMEs, listed at Census of Manufacturing Industries and Federal Bureau of Statistics. For data analysis, Cobb-Douglas production function and an inefficiency model based on stochastic frontier approach, estimated through OLS method, were employed. The study draws on its inferences from both the qualitative and quantitative data. There was widespread prevalence of technical inefficiencies and provision of indirect inputs, labor, material and energy found to be significant determinants of technical efficiency. Moreover, this export-oriented industrial cluster is shown to experience constant returns to scale. Provision of proximate specialized surgical instruments and raw-material market is recommended. We also put forward cluster-specific suggestion of pursuing of 'triple-helix+1' model, whereby local community is integrated with the traditional triple helix forces. It was further advocated that by reducing the prevailing technical inefficiency in this urbanization economy, productivity can be enhanced by as much as 5.6%. Implications for cluster-based industries are drawn from our findings to provide pragmatic recommendations to both policymakers and prospective entrepreneurs.

Clinical guideline on the prophylactic use of G-CSF on neutropenia by chemotherapy.

3050 Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is common in patients with chemotherapy. It requires conventional treatment, however, many studies have reported that G-CSF reduces the incidence of FN; the results were not clear and the physicians use it at their discretion. In this guideline we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the prophylactic use of G-CSF. Methods: We analyzed controlled trials (G-CSF, pegylated form or placebo) given to adult or pediatric patients with chemotherapy for leukemia (LEU), lymphoma and solid tumors (L&ST) or stem cell transplant (SCT), without infections and large radiation ports. Two independent reviewers applied CONSORT to determine the methodological quality; for ranking the evidence we used GRADE and the recommendations were developed by Delphi method. We developed subgroups according to age and type of intervention to analyze the outcomes (risk, duration, severity of FN and adverse events). We performed random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis methods according to their heterogeneity. Results: Of 1,776 studies,112 were included. For the risk of FN between C-GSF or pegylated form vs placebo found that G-CSF reduces the risk in adults with LEU (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98; p=0.024), L&ST (RR 0.758, 95% CI 0.68-0.84; p=0.000) and SCT (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.97, p=0.017). The risk of developing severe neutropenia reduces in the adults with L&ST with the factor (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.88; p=0.000) and pediatric patients with LEU (RR 0.789, 95% CI 0.71-0.88; p=0.000). While the duration of neutropenia in children with L&ST the time reduces with the factor (SMD -0.559; 95% CI -0.841 to -0.28; p=0.000). The G-CSF vs pegylated form, the evidence was inconclusive. Conclusions: When the risk and duration of neutropenia is present we suggest the use of G-CSF in adult and pediatric patients. For adults, we suggest the use of pegylated form, but for pediatric patients we do not have a specific suggestion because the evidence is nonexistent, so it is necessary to carry out clinical trials to obtain evidence.

Vicarious Learning

In computer-based learning, we often find ourselves addressing our technology to an unexpectedly complex Web of issues in learning and instruction. Understanding what is going on may require us to take a step back and look at some more fundamental theoretical issues. This is the position we find ourselves in with the application of “vicarious learning”. On the face of it, this is the simple concept of accumulating a collection of records of learning experiences, which other learners can also use to learn from. Such a concept is apparently similar to observational learning, or to various notions of re-usable learning knowledge-bases. However, the specific suggestion we address here is that vicarious learning is a distinct idea that may have its own implications, particularly for distance learners and others whose access to normal learning dialogue is limited. In this article, then, we begin with a discussion of the general concept of vicarious learning, and its close relationship to the role of dialogue in learning. We use this understanding to motivate the application of vicarious learning in computer-based learning systems, and argue, against specific objections, that these systems show benefits that will be especially relevant for the groups mentioned above.

Vicarious Learning

In computer-based learning, we often find ourselves addressing our technology to an unexpectedly complex Web of issues in learning and instruction. Understanding what is going on may require us to take a step back and look at some more fundamental theoretical issues. This is the position we find ourselves in with the application of “vicarious learning”. On the face of it, this is the simple concept of accumulating a collection of records of learning experiences, which other learners can also use to learn from. Such a concept is apparently similar to observational learning, or to various notions of re-usable learning knowledge-bases. However, the specific suggestion we address here is that vicarious learning is a distinct idea that may have its own implications, particularly for distance learners and others whose access to normal learning dialogue is limited. In this article, then, we begin with a discussion of the general concept of vicarious learning, and its close relationship to the role of dialogue in learning. We use this understanding to motivate the application of vicarious learning in computer-based learning systems, and argue, against specific objections, that these systems show benefits that will be especially relevant for the groups mentioned above.

Self-Determination, Secession, and Dispute Settlement after the Kosovo Advisory Opinion

This piece provides critical analysis of some of the broader consequences of what is potentially suggested by certain findings in the 2010 Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on ‘Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo’. The focus is on consequences for disputes generally, and disputes relating to self-determination and secession in particular, in either case including disputes that have been made subject to a Security Council-imposed settlement process. In the first place, the piece considers the relatively specific suggestion that sub-state groups are free to unilaterally terminate a Security Council-imposed process aimed at enabling the resolution of a dispute concerning their aspirations to external self-determination, without this termination having to comply with the principles of justice and international law. In the second place, the piece considers the relatively broad suggestion that the act of any sub-state group of declaring independence and seceding from the state within which it is located, without the consent of that state or any other international legal sanction, is likewise not regulated by international law.

On Recent Strategies Proposed for Proving the Riemann Hypothesis

We comment on some apparently weak points in the novel strategies recently developed by various authors aiming at a proof of the Riemann hypothesis. After noting the existence of relevant previous papers where similar tools have been used, we refine some of these strategies. It is not clear at the moment if the problems we point out here can be resolved rigorously, and thus a proof of the RH be obtained, along the lines proposed. However, a specific suggestion of a procedure to overcome the encountered difficulties is made, what constitutes a step towards this goal.

A Search for Extraterrestrial Eukaryotes: Biological and Planetary Science Aspects

One pressing question in bioastronomy is to attempt to devise assays in the search for extraterrestrial eukaryotes (SETE). In the positive case of encountering a fossil of a certain microorganism, it is not yet clear how to identify it in an unequivocal manner, even if found arrested and preserved in the midst of biological activity, as in some known Archean sediments on Earth. On the other hand, for living microorganisms the present approach may have some advantages over the straightforward probe of the morphological features of the putative eukaryote, as we argue that we are not constrained to base identification on morphological properties, such as the presence of organelles, which are known to be missing in some higher taxa. We sketch a possible experimental set-up required for a robot to investigate whether eukaryogenesis has already taken place in Mars or Europa. Besides, we also discuss the biological and astronomical implications of a SETE program. Previous observation and theoretical work have suggested that underneath the ice crust of the Jovian satellite Europa there may be an ocean of liquid water. We therefore argue that as hot springs may be present at the bottom of that ocean, eukaryotes should be searched for, not only deep in the Martian permafrost, as discussed by others, but a SETE program should be extended to the aquatic environment of the Jovian satellite as well. Our current work emphasising gene silencing, may suggest how to decide on the degree evolution which microbiota may have reached in the Europa ocean, a topic which deserves our attention, as eukaryogenesis is the process which introduced the basic cellular plan of those Earth-bound organisms that have been raised to the level of intelligent beings. We make a specific suggestion for a robotic investigation of eukaryogenesis in solar system exploration.