One-pot synthesis of N-benzyl-2-aminobenzoic acid, via ring opening of isatoic anhydride derivative, and its antibacterial screening

2-(N-Benzyl) amino benzoic acid is a bifunctional molecule that could be produced from the reaction between isatoic anhydride and aryl halide. Analogues and derivatives of isatoic anhydride have wide application in pharmaceuticalsincluding antibacterial activity. The aim of this study is to synthesize, characterize and screen N-benzyl isatoic anhydride and 2-(N-benzyl) amino benzoic acid for antibacterial activity. The reaction of isatoic anhydride and benzyl bromide in the presence of potassium carbonate in DMSO at room temperature yielded N-benzyl isatoic anhydride, which under hydrolysis yielded 2-(N-benzyl) amino benzoic acid in which the anhydride ring is opened up. This compound was screened against Gram positive and negative bacteria. Moderate yield of 2-(N-benzyl) amino benzoic acid, a yellow crystal (melting point of 160-162oC, percentage yield 65 %, Rf 0.19) formed by ring opening of N-benzyl isatoic anhydride. The compound showed no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas pyocyanea, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. 2-(N-benzyl)amino benzoic was synthesized, characterized and showed no activity against bacteria.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of an Indole Alkaloid Isolated from Bebuas (Premna serratifolia)

Premna serratifolia known as bebuas has long been used by Malay comunity for both food and traditional medicine. The most notable advantage of this plant is to heal woman after childbirth and to raise the notion that contains anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. In this study, the hexane extract of bebuas was only contained steroids. Meanwhile the ethanol extract contained various secondary metabolites such as phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. The ethanol extract was further separated since the targeted compound isolate was an alkaloid. The isolate obtained was a yellow crystal which transformed to yellow oil after being exposed to air. The anti-inflammatory evaluation of the compound gave a result with a strong activity with ED50 = 4.06 mg/KgBW. Characterization by UV-Vis and FT-IR showed that the isolate’s spectra pattern had similarities with bufotenine. It revealed that the isolate shared the same basic skeleton with the bufotenine, especially the indole skeleton. Furthermore, it also shared the same physical form with bufotenine. These evidences strengthened the assumption that the isolate was an indole alkaloid.

Potensiometric of Struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) Formation System from Biogas Waste in Electrolysis Cells

Struvite is a yellowish white or brownish yellow crystal. Struvite occurs in an alkaline environment. The reaction that occurs is the reduction of H+ and at the anode is H2O oxidation. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum potential conditions of deposition of struvite which was contained in biogas waste by electrolysis process and to improve the quality of struvite fertilizer. The method was carried out with the electrolysis time condition of 30 minutes where the electrical voltages used were 1V, 3V, 5V, 7V, and 9V and the size of the electrodes used were 30 cm, 36 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm. From the research that has been done, it could be seen that the struvite formed was very small, the best conditions in this study at 5V voltage and 36 cm electrode area with a yield of 28.8%.

The Characterization of Active Compound of Pedada Magrove Plants (Sonneratia caseolaris) Which HaveThePotential as Natural Antioxidants

The present research aimedto isolate the compound from the acetone fractions of pedada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris) and test its antioxidant activity. The extraction wasperformed usinga multi-stage maceration method. The separation and purification were done using a vacuum and gravitational column chromatography whereasthe antioxidant activity was tested with theDPPH method. The structural elucidation of the compound was performed by spectroscopy data of UV, IR, alsoone- and two-dimensional NMR. The appearance of the pure isolate was odorless yellow crystal. Based on the spectroscopy data, the compound wasstigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol. The activity testing of the extract antioxidant and pure isolate with IC50showed a value of 166.2 ppm dan 134.4 ppm, respectively.

Synthesis of N-methyl-4-piperidone Curcumin Analogues and Their Cytotoxicity Activity against T47D Cell Lines

Three piperidone curcumin analogues (N-methyl-(3E,5E)-3,5-bis-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (1), N-methyl-(3E,5E)-3,5-bis-(3-bromobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (2) and N-methyl-(3E,5E)-3,5-bis-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (3)) were synthesized from N-methyl-4-piperidone with halogenbenzaldehyde, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-bromobenzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde. The Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction was used in alkali condition with combinatorial. All the compounds showed light yellow needle, light yellow powder, and yellow crystal form with percentage of yield 39, 66, and 40%, respectively. All the structure compounds were confirmed by using UV, IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and MS. Apart from that, the cytotoxicity results against breast cancer cell (T47D) showed strong to moderate activity with the IC50 value 8, 4, and 45 µg/mL, respectively.

SYNTHESIS OF 2-HIDROXYXANTHONE FROM XANTHONE AS A BASIC MATERIAL FOR NEW ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS

Objective: The purpose of this research is to synthesize 2-hydroxyxanthone from xanthone and to evaluate its antiplasmodial activity.Methods: The synthesis of 2-hydroxyxanthone followed the sequence of these synthetic stages, namely: 2-nitroxanthone, 2-aminoxanthone, and 2-hydroxyxanthone. The products were separated by chromatography methods including thin layer chromatography and vacuum liquid chromatography. Compound structures of the isolated products were determined based on their infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. To support these findings, the spectra were also matched to the corresponding data from literatures. The biological properties of the synthetic compound were evaluated toward Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.Results: 2-nitroxanthone was obtained as a brownish-yellow crystal in 69.00% yield with Madhya Pradesh of 181°C. Reduction of 2-nitroxanthone using SnCl2.2H2O/hydrogen chloride produced 2-aminoxanthone as a pale-yellow solid in 60.60% yield. Finally, the desired 2-hydroxyxanthone was achieved by initially reacting 2-aminoxanthone with sodium nitride to produce diazonium salt. Then, hydrolysis of the salt yielded 2-hydroxyxanthone as a white solid in 69.81% yield. Synthesis of 2-hydroxyxanthone from xanthone had an overall yield of38.35%. In vitro antiplasmodial assay against P. falciparum 3D7 showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration value was 0.44 μg/mL.Conclusions: An antimalarial compound (2-hydroxyxanthone) was successfully synthesized from xanthone in three steps of synthetic reactions, i.e., the formation of 2-nitroxanthone, 2-aminoxanthone, and 2-hydroxyxanthone.

Chemical reaction within a compact non-porous crystal containing molecular clusters without the loss of crystallinity

A yellow crystal with {FeII4O4} cubes is modified to a black crystal with {FeIII4O4} cubes via a SC–SC transformation.

SINTESIS SENYAWA KALKON SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN

Synthesis chalcone compound by reaction between acetofenone and benzaldehyde using natrium hydroxide as catalyst with distil water or ethanol as solvent has been done. The yield was determined using antioxidant activity test with DPPH and GC-MS. The result of synthesis was pale yellow crystal with melting point of 55-570C. The synthesis in distil water yielded 84,98 %, and the formation of crystal was about 1 hour. The synthesis in ethanol resulted 87,68% yield, with the formation of crystal about 15 minutes. The product showed weak antioxidant activity with reduction percentage averaged at 50%. The GC-MS showed the presence of chalcone compound with sufficiently high purity.

EKSTRAKSI MULTI TAHAP KURKUMIN DARI KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica Valet) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL

Curcumin is a pigment in Curcuma domestica Valet, which has an orange-yellow crystal appearance, and commonly being used as a colouring agent. Extraction method which is used in extracting curcumin from Curcuma domestica Valet is one stage extraction. This research studied a multi stages extraction of curcumin from Curcuma domestica Valet. The purposes of this research is to find the best condition in extracting curcumin using multi stages extraction method, to increase the efficiency rate in curcumin extraction. This research used ethanol as a solvent, and effect from variables such as extraction time, solvent concentration, and number of extraction stages are observed. Extraction times are 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes. Variations of ethanol concentration are 50%, 70%, and 96%. Stage numbers of extraction are two stages extraction and three stages extraction. Extracts of curcumin are examined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The best condition of multi stages curcumin extraction is determined based on yield and content of curcumin. The maximum yield obtained in this study was 12% with conditions 180 minutes extraction time, 96% ethanol concentration, and two stages extraction. The highest content of curcumin obtained is 16% with conditions 180 minutes extraction time, 96% ethanol concentration, and three stages extraction. Content means a fraction of yield. These results show that increase in extraction time, solvent concentration, and stage numbers of extraction will increase the yield and content of curcumin extracted from Curcuma domestica Valet.

EKSTRAKSI MULTI TAHAP KURKUMIN DARI TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ETANOL

Curcumin is a pigment in turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), which has an orange-yellow crystal appearance, and commonly being used as a colouring agent. Extraction method which is used in extracting curcumin from turmeric is one stage extraction. This research will study a multi stage extraction of curcumin from turmeric. The purposes of this research is to find the best condition in extracting curcumin using multi stages extraction method to increase the efficiency rate in curcumin extraction. This research used ethanol as a solvent, and effect from variables such as extraction time, solvent concentration, and number of extraction stages are observed. Extraction times are 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes. Variations of ethanol concentration are 50%, 70%, and 96%. Stage numbers of extraction are two stages extraction and three stages extraction. Extracts of curcumin are examined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The best condition of multi stages curcumin extraction is determined based on yield and content of curcumin. The maximum yield obtained in this study was 16,35 % with conditions 180 minutes extraction time, 96% ethanol concentration, and three stages extraction. The highest content of curcumin obtained is 2,617% with conditions 180 minutes extraction time, 96% ethanol concentration, and three stages extraction. Content means a fraction of yield. These results show that increase in the extraction time, the solvent concentration and the stage numbers of extraction will increase the yield and content of curcumin.