Thermographic Measurement of the Temperature of Reactive Power Compensation Capacitors

An excessive increase in reactive power consumption is unfavorable from the point of view of a power system. For this reason, devices compensating reactive power consumption are used. The capacitor is one such device. Capacitors must be tested regularly during their exploitation. One of the activities that should be performed is testing the degree of heating of the cells of a capacitor bank. Thermography can be used to perform such tests. This non-contact method has its limitations. Due to the angular emissivity and the change in the distance between the lens and the object under observation, the temperature measured with a thermographic camera may differ from the actual temperature. This phenomenon is visible on cylindrical capacitor cases. Consequently, depending on the location of the observation point on the capacitor case, the result of the thermographic temperature measurement may be different. To investigate this phenomenon, experimental work has been undertaken.

Investigation about electrostatic three-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), including doping with BN: a model for the nano capacitor

Three-walled boron & nitride nanotubes are used for a theoretical study of a cylindrical molecular capacitor, including an inner cylinder with a positive charge distribution and an outer cylinder with a negative charge distribution. Due to the semiconductor characteristic and dielectric functionality of SWBNTs, DWBNTs and TW (B&C) NTs can be used as a capacitor. Although the SWBNTs @ SWCNTs behave like Nano cylindrical capacitors, we have shown in this study that a dopant of BN in the inner cylinder reduces the energy gap and yields a better capacitance. The dopant of BN in the outer cylinder results in an inverse charge distribution (outer is positive and inner is negative). Therefore under these circumstances, the term capacitor would be meaningless, thought, the gap and the interaction energy decreases compared to the non-dopant form of those capacitors. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have performed for the structure and stability of three wall carbon Nano tubes (TW (BN&C) NTs). In this work, it was calculated the geometrical structure, and stability to predict NMR and thermodynamics parameters. A mixing of SWBNNTs @ DWCNTs has been modeled and calculated for the suitable structures to storage the H2 molecules for increasing the dielectric. We have found these kinds of Nano-structures are useful for maximum storages of charges compare to other cylindrical capacitor.

Quick, Single-Frequency Dielectric Characterization of Blood Samples of Pediatric Cancer Patients by a Cylindrical Capacitor: Pilot Study

In this paper, as an application in biometrics, the electrical capacitance of normal and cancerous blood samples is experimentally determined in order to test the null hypothesis that the electrical capacitance of the two samples differs. The samples taken from healthy donors and patients diagnosed with different types of hematologic cancer are examined by a cylindrical capacitor with blood as its dielectric. The capacitance of these samples is measured at room temperature and a single frequency of 120 Hz, well below the frequency where β -dispersion starts, using a simple LCR meter device. The measurements indicate that the capacitance of the blood increases under applied electric field for a short period of time and asymptotically reaches its steady-state value. The measured values for the healthy group agreed with previous data in the literature. By the use of the unpaired two-tailed T-test, it is found that cancerous blood has higher values of capacitance when compared to normal samples ( p < 0.05 ). The reasons that might lead to such alterations are discussed from a biological perspective. Moreover, based on correlation calculations, a strong negative association is observed between blood capacitance and red blood cell (RBC) count in each group. Furthermore, sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) analysis demonstrates that for a threshold value between 15 and 17 for the capacitance value, both SE and SP are 100%. These preliminary findings on capacitance values may pave the way for the development of inexpensive and easy-to-use diagnosis tools for hematologic cancers at medical facilities and for in-home use, especially for children.

Increasing the sensitivity of measurement of a moisture content in crude oil

Purpose. Investigation of a moisture frequency transducer based on a moisture-sensitive capacitive element of a cylindrical structure with mesh electrodes for a system for measuring the amount and parameters of crude oil. Methodology. When constructing a moisture-sensitive element, an oscillatory method for measuring humidity was applied to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy while maintaining a low cost of the device. A moisture sensitive capacitive sensor based on a cylindrical structure with mesh electrodes was introduced into the measuring generator system based on a transistor structure with a negative differential resistance. Findings. Analytical expressions are obtained to describe the dielectric constant of an inhomogeneous mixture of water and oil. Using these equations, the capacitance of a moisture-sensitive sensor with mesh electrodes is calculated as a dependence of the moisture content of crude oil. It was determined that the capacitance of the moisture sensitive sensor increased from 20 to 44 pF when the mass moisture of crude oil changed from 0 to 30%. The sensitivity of the developed capacitive sensor is 0.8 pF/% when using a measuring device in the form of a crude oil pipeline with a diameter of 50 millimeters. Originality. A mathematical model has been developed for the primary transducer of the moisture content of crude oil based on a cylindrical capacitor structure with net-like electrodes, which allows determining the value of the capacitance of the primary transducer of the moisture content of crude oil. A self-oscillator device for controlling the moisture content of crude oil has been developed on the basis of the structure of bipolar and field-effect transistors with a cylindrical capacitor structure with mesh electrodes. Practical value. Circuitry solutions for a moisture transducer for crude oil have been developed. The results of experimental studies showed that for the selected version of the moisture converter circuit, the output signal frequency decreased in the range from 1.617 to 1.27 MHz with a change in the mass moisture content of the Turkmen mixture from 0 to 30%, respectively, and is close to a linear dependence. The wide frequency range of the output signal of the secondary converter with the frequency output of the measured information increases the accuracy of moisture measurement in crude oil by an order of magnitude.

An analytical investigation of the cylindrical capacitor in the framework of a two-parameter modification of Born–Infeld electrodynamics

Iacopini and Zavattini [Vacuum polarization effects in the [Formula: see text] atom and the Born–Infeld electromagnetic theory, Nuovo Cimento B 78 (1983) 38–52] proposed a [Formula: see text]-two-parameter modification of Born–Infeld electrodynamics, in which the classical self-energy for an electron takes a finite value for [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we want to study a cylindrical capacitor from the viewpoint of Iacopini–Zavattini nonlinear electrodynamics analytically. The capacitance, the electrostatic potential energy, and the potential difference between the plates of a cylindrical capacitor are calculated in the framework of Iacopini–Zavattini electrodynamics for two specific values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The study of the behavior of a nonlinear cylindrical capacitor in the weak electric fields shows that our results are compatible with the correspondence principle, i.e. we recover the results of Maxwell electrodynamics in the weak field regime. Finally, the invariance of Iacopini–Zavattini nonlinear electrodynamics under the duality transformation is investigated.

In Vitro Study of a Superhydrophilic Thin Film Nitinol Endograft that Is Electrostatically Endothelialized in the Catheter Prior to the Endovascular Procedure

Electrostatic endothelial cell seeding has evolved as an exceptional technique to improve the efficiency of cell seeding in terms of frequency of attached cells and the amount of cell adhesion for the treatment of vascular diseases. In the recent times, both untreated and superhydrophilic thin film nitinol (TFN) have exhibited strong prospect as substrates for creation of small-diameter endovascular grafts due to their hallmark properties of superelasticity, ultra low-profile character, grown hemocompatible oxide layer with the presence of a uniform endothelial layer on the surface. The purpose of the current study is to understand the effects of endothelial cell seeding parameters (i.e., applied voltage, incubation time, substrate chemistry and cell suspension solution) to investigate the cell seeding phenomenon and to improve the cell adhesion and growth on the TFN surface under electrostatic transplantation. Both parallel plate and cylindrical capacitor models were used along with the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) methods to design in vitro test parameters. A novel in vitro system for cylindrical capacitor model was created using a micro flow pump, micro incubation system, and silicone tubings. The augmented endothelialization on thin film nitinol was developed to determine the effect of cell seeding and deployed in a 6 Fr intravascular catheter setup. Cell viability along with morphology and proliferation of adhered cells were evaluated using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the maximum number of cells attached on STFN in the catheter was observed in 5V with the 2 hr exposure of in the cell culture medium (CCM) solution. The condition showed 5V voltage with 0.68&times;10-6 &micro;C electrostatic charge and 5.11 V&middot;mm-1 electric field. Our findings have first demonstrated that the electrostatic endothelialization on the superhydrophilic thin film nitinol endograft within the catheter prior to the endovascular procedure could enhance the biocompatibility for low-profile endovascular applications.