scholarly journals The Design of Modern Process Equipment

Expert system is a methodology to adapt algorithm of successful decisions in one sphere of scientific and practical activity into another. Widespread information technology is an identical intelligent computer program that contains the knowledge and analytical skills of one or more experts in the field of application and is able to draw logical conclusions based on this knowledge, thereby solving specific problems in designing the process equipment without the presence of an expert (a specialist in a specific problem area). The expert system allows to solve problems in a narrow subject area. The modern realities of introduced automated production do not provide a quality result, because all design decisions are made on the basis of subjective knowledge and intuitive feelings. One way to solve this problem is to develop formalized human-machine design methods in the early stages of creating a project of process equipment. This study describes the process of developing an expert system, which is aimed at solving problems of product modeling, optimization synthesis of the process operation structure and layout of the process machine. In the study, the author identifies the stages of process equipment designing, identifies the components of the expert system, and describes the procedural model of the design process. The result of the paper is the developed structure of software and information support of the automated information system for the design of process equipment. The developed system will speed up the decision-making process in the design of process equipment and receive competent advice. The expert system will serve as a basis for the introduction of intelligent production and smart consumption, which confidently goes hand in hand with the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A.M. Hafizi ◽  
Shahida Shahimi ◽  
Mohd Hafizuddin Syah Bangaan Abdullah ◽  
M. Badrul Hakimi Daud

Subject area Islamic Finance and Investment Study level/applicability Level of program/audience: Advanced undergraduate and postgraduate. Courses Intermediate and Advanced Finance, Economics, Islamic Economics & Finance, Islamic Banking & Finance, Islamic Capital Market and other relevant courses. Specifictopics/syllabus Capital markets instruments, conventional or Islamic. Case overview This case focuses on Tracoma Holding Berhad Bai Bithaman Ajil Debt Securities (BaIDS) amounting to RM 100 million which was issued by Tracoma Holding Berhad in 2005. It was the first issuance of a sukuk (Islamic debt securities or bond) by the company. The proceeds were used to finance its growth and to repay existing bank borrowings and capital requirements. This case is interesting, as it allows students to study the bai bithaman ajil sukuk structure and issuance process in the Malaysian capital market. It also provides basic financial transaction and credit rating of sukuk which requires analytical skills. Being a debt-based facility, the sukuk was subjected to credit rating evaluation by the MARC, the rating agency appointed by the company. Further downgrading of the sukuk meant it would lead to the worst-case scenario. Some actions needed to be taken to solve this issue; therefore, the CFO suggested an urgent meeting with the sukuk holders. Expected learning outcomes The students should be able to: understand the issuance process and the principle of BBA (bai bithamin ajil) in sukuk structure; understand reason(s) methods of fund raising by firm and the allocations of fund; understand the sukuk default issue; analyze the reasons for sukuk default; understand the importance of debt securities credit ratings; and identify investors' protection in the case of sukuk default. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Pirogov

Complex artificial purposeful systems and their software and hardware are characterized not only by achievements, but also disadvantages leading to significant losses. Modern automation tools do not fully cope with the existing problems. To solve the problems of complex systems, new effective tools are needed, new modeling technology. This technology should cover all significant aspects of the problem area. It seems that such technology should be based on radical modeling and the universal language of radical schemes RADICAL. A radical is a system characterized by both active (working) and passive states. Being connected with each other radicals form schemes of radicals. These schemes are constructions of the RADICAL language. In the aggregate, these schemes realize radical environment – radical model of united problem area of complex system. That is, the problem area is represented by a single global scheme of radicals. The work with such a scheme is carried out using the universal language of radical schemes RADICAL, applicable to the problem area of any complex system by constructing sections of the RADICAL language, expressed by the schemes of radicals. The purpose of the work is to consider the use of radical schemes for the implementation of the structures of sections (sequences of sections) of the RADICAL language when modeling complex system. The results of the work are descriptions of some typical schemes of radicals intended for the implementation of the section structures of the RADICAL language when modeling complex purposeful systems. Something significant sequences of sections are considered. The practice of using of structures of cross-sections of the media of radicals, expressed by the schemes of radicals, indicates the expediency of they use for radical modeling of problem areas of complex purposeful systems, for the development and modification of software and information support of such systems.


Author(s):  
Fátima Maria BaBaptista Valentim Dias Cardoso ◽  
Maria do Carmo Martins Pires e Sousa

ResumoO contributo de diferentes ramos da ciência no desenvolvimento do conhecimento e no seu ensino em múltiplas áreas disciplinares é incontestável. No caso da Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica, numa lógica de similitude, associamo-la à medicina, particularmente ao ramo da Pediatria. Cedo percebemos que essa associação é reducionista. A história mostra-nos que o seu desenvolvimento também se deve a ciências como biologia, antropologia, filosofia, psicologia, sociologia e ciências da educação entre outras. Este entendimento conduz-nos ao conhecimento do contexto histórico da definição de infância e adolescência, dois conceitos indissociáveis da necessidade de se ensinar enfermagem e medicina específicas para estes grupos etários. Até ao século XII era desconhecida a representação de crianças em obras de arte e segundo Aries (1981)1 tal deve-se à pouca importância dada a estes seres. Nos séculos seguintes operaram-se modificações. As mais consistentes datam dos séculos XVII e XVIII. É inegável o contributo de Rousseau (1762)2 com Émile não só pelo impacto cultural, mas pelas consequências daí resultantes quando explorados os aspetos filosóficos e pedagógicos da obra. Com a Revolução Industrial tiveram início medidas de proteção da criança contra trabalhos insalubres e para satisfazer as suas necessidades de saúde. Em França surgiram os primeiros conceitos e trabalhos sobre puericultura que se expandiram a outros países da Europa. Querendo aprofundar o conhecimento, através de análise bibliográfica, sobre a evolução do ensino de Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica e das implicações de diferentes ramos da ciência na mesma, procurámos refletir sobre o contributo que, ao longo dos anos, as diferentes áreas científicas deram para esta área disciplinar. Palavras chave: Ensino; Enfermagem pediátrica. Abstract The contribution of different branches of science to the development of knowledge and its teaching in multiple subject areas is undeniable. In the case of Infant Health and Pediatric Nursing, in a logic of similarity, we associate it with medicine, particularly the branch of Pediatrics. We soon realize that this is a reductionist association. History shows us that its development is also due to sciences such as biology, anthropology, philosophy, psychology, sociology and the educational sciences, among others. This understanding leads us to the knowledge of the historical context of the definition of childhood and adolescence, two concepts inseparable from the need to teach nursing and medicine specific to these age groups. Until the 12th century the representation of children was unknown in works of art and according to Aries (1981)3 this is due to the little importance given to these beings. In the following centuries modifications took place. The most consistent date from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Rousseau's (1762)4 contribution with Émile is undeniable, not only for its cultural impact, but also for the consequences resulting from the examination of the work’s philosophical and pedagogical aspects. With the Industrial Revolution, measures began to protect children against unhealthy work and to meet their health needs. In France came the first concepts and works on childcare that expanded to other countries in Europe. Wanting to increase knowledge, through literature review, about the evolution of the Infant Health and Pediatric Nursing teaching and the implications of different branches of science in it, we tried to reflect on the contribution that these have made to this subject area over the years. Keywords: Teaching; Pediatric nursing


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Valerii Lakhno ◽  
Dmytro Kasatkin ◽  
Maksym Misiura ◽  
Borys Husiev

The article presents the results of research performed in the process of designing an expert system (ES) designed to assess the threats to information security (IS) of critical information facilities (CIF). The approach to designing of expert system on the basis of syllogisms and logic of predicates, and also a method of meaningful identification of objects of knowledge base (KB) is offered. The essence of the method is that each object of the database of the projected EU, is matched by a tuple of keywords (ToK), the significance of which is determined by experts. Thus, each database object is placed in accordance with the element of the finite fuzzy topological space of the database objects. Meaningful identification takes place on the distance between the objects of the database. The approach proposed in the work, in comparison with the decisions of other authors, has a number of advantages. Namely, it allows: to model different variants of cyber threat scenarios for CIF and their consequences; determine the contribution of each of the factors or components of the architecture of the IS CIF to the overall picture of the probability of a cyber threat to the CIF; model the interaction of all IS factors and, if necessary, visualize this interaction; calculate and further rank the values of cyber threat probabilities for CIF for specific threat scenarios; automate the processes of threat modeling through the use of developed software and significantly reduce the time for audit of threats. It is shown that the use of the method of meaningful identification allows to increase the adequacy of the models of the selected subject area, as well as to prevent erroneous introduction of the same judgments of experts and goals in the EU database, in particular by combining hierarchies of goals formed by different expert groups. It is shown that the method can also be used to find the goals of the hierarchy, the exact wording of which, according to keywords, is unknown.


Author(s):  
Ye. Proskurka ◽  
S. Kyrychuk

Using the ontology for creating the knowledge base of the expert system of the subject area of the storing of vegetables and fruits by the technology «ULO» is reviewed in this article. The expert system, which will be created with CLIPS language, will be used for manage of the automation system of the warehouses for the storing of vegetables and fruits by the technology «ULO».


Author(s):  
Н.А. Моисеенко ◽  
И.Р. Усамов ◽  
А.А. Албакова

В данной статье рассматривается проблема планирования проведения консультационных дополнительных занятий со студентами вуза. Основным фактором, определяющим необходимость разработки автоматизированной информационной системы, является отсутствие на рынке программного обеспечения, позволяющего использовать его в качестве решения проблемы. В публикации приведен тщательный и детальный анализ: рассматриваемой проблемы организации занятий существующих автоматизированных систем по составлению расписаний программного обеспечения, необходимого для разработки системы, а также средств обеспечения информационной безопасности. В результате анализа предложена автоматизированная информационная система планирования проведения дополнительных занятий со студентами вуза, которая позволит студенту в электронном режиме произвести запись на консультацию, а также отслеживать динамику изменения в графике учебного процесса, что повысит качество подготовки студентов. This article discusses the problem of planning additional consultative classes with university students. The main factor determining the need to develop an automated information system is the lack of software on the market that allows it to be used as a solution to the problem. The publication provides a thorough and detailed analysis of: the issue of the organization of classes existing automated scheduling systems software necessary for the development of the system, as well as information security tools. As a result of the analysis, an automated information system was proposed for planning additional classes with university students, which will allow the student to electronically record a consultation, as well as track the dynamics of changes in the schedule of the educational process, which will improve the quality of students preparation.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Eremeev ◽  
Oleksandr Siechin ◽  
Yana Pidbereznia

National standards of education in the Bologna Process countries differ both in the structural and in the substantive parts of the documents. Automation of comparison of qualification levels of different countries allows to provide more effective interaction of university centers in the field of educational services and the labor market. In this article, using the method of Professor V. Osadchy, an expert system of ES for the comparative analysis of the qualification levels of the standards of European countries on the descriptor «Knowledge» was developed. The code of the program is based on the Windows Forms technology in the Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2017 software development environment. The algorithm for comparing the levels related to different standards is implemented in the form of the following operations: First step. In the studied subject area Q, which contains a textual description of the qualification levels of education, a universal set V is created from elementary semantic units vi with the indication of the measure of each element μ(vi). The semantic content of vi is presented in text form in such a way that the expert has the opportunity to characterize any level of the standard Pu with the help of a subset of Ru from the elements. The second step. From the list of participants in the Bologna Process, countries and their qualification levels are selected to carry out the comparison. The third step. Experts fill in the tables with an estimate of the probability of occurrence of elementary semantic units vi in the subset Ru for the chosen qualification level. The fourth step. We calculate the measures of the subset μ(Ru) and display the results of calculations on the display screen. The use of this algorithm made it possible to create a convenient software product for conducting a comparative analysis of the national standards of education in European countries. Efficiency tests were carried out in various modes of filling the initial forms. Using the example of comparing the NQFU standards and the EQF standard for the «Knowledge» descriptor, the reliability of the functioning of all forms of the program, the stability of the output of information with respect to unauthorized actions of experts, and the convenience provided to the user by the interface when filling out the tables are shown. It is shown that the zero level of the NQFU standard is consistent with the first level of the EQF standard, and the first, second and third levels of the NQFU standard are close, respectively, to the second, third and fourth levels of the EQF standard.


1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Hartley ◽  
John R. Rice

The advent of increasingly powerful microcomputers, coupled with the development of small, feature-packed expert systems now makes it cost effective to provide workers with relatively inexpensive desktop expert systems. In order to evaluate the value of such systems as work aids for human factors engineers, we developed a small demonstration system using a commercially available expert system development tool, NEXPERTTM, released in 1985 by Neuron Data, Inc. of Palo Alto, CA. We selected a candidate problem area based on four criteria: 1) the problem domain had to be small enough to be covered comprehensively by a relatively small knowledge base; 2) the problem domain had to be potentially useful to video display terminal (VDT) screen designers; 3) appropriate information had to be readily available in human factors guidelines, published reports, and journal articles; and 4) the problem should provide the opportunity to exercise as many of the features of NEXPERT as possible. The topic area we selected was “video display screen color”. Our goal was to produce a job performance aid (JPA) that non-human factors VDT screen designers could use to select appropriate colors for screen features. Because the system users typically have little or no formal training in human factors, the JPA has to supply color recommendations in the form of clearly stated requirements, but with the decision rationale and additional references also immediately available for users wanting more information. Using the expert system shell provided by NEXPERT, we constructed a knowledge base containing more than one hundred IF …, THEN … rules representing knowledge gained from a detailed literature review. We initially validated our expert system by posing a wide variety of hypothetical design problems and assessing its conclusions against our expectations. Based on our work so far, we have concluded that small expert systems can be useful in providing human factors expertise to system designers. We believe that increasing use of expert systems may soon lead to changes in the typical current scientific publication format to include knowledge base rules provided by the author(s).


Author(s):  
A. E. Gorban ◽  
M. L. Kochyna

<p>Each year, research teams of organizations, institutions and enterprises from the sphere of the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) of Ukraine carried out more than 200 scientific research works (SRW), the results of which creates innovative products (new method, a technique, a compound device, and the like). Growth in the medical information obtained in the performance of SRW results in the need to speed up the processing and transfer of innovation activity agents. This problem can be effectively addressed through the use of automated information systems. Timely analysis of the incoming information, particularly at the planning stage of SRW, and forecasting its effectiveness permit to avoid mistakes in management decisions. In this regard, relevant and timely is the development of automated information systems and modern information technologies for collecting, processing and analyzing information.</p><p>The article presents the scientific basis of development and the creation of an automated information system for recording, monitoring and forecasting of the effectiveness of innovation. The basic principles to be met by the developed system are systemic, development, interoperability, standardization and efficiency, data security and reliability, agility, visibility and intuitive user experience, ease of use and minimal sufficient of information support.</p>


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