The muX project

The project is conducting a series of muonic X-ray measurements in medium- and high-Z nuclei at PSI, utilizing a high-purity germanium detector array, in-beam muon detectors, and a modern digital data-acquisition system. A novel hydrogen target for muon transfer was developed, enabling measurements with as little as a few micrograms of target material. First measurements with radioactive Cm and Ra targets were conducted, aimed at determining their nuclear charge radii. These serve as important input for upcoming atomic parity violation experiments. The apparatus is also used to perform a feasibility study of an atomic parity violation experiment with the 2s-1s2s−1s muonic X-ray transition. In addition, the setup has been made available for a wider range of nuclear, particle, and solid-state physics measurements.

When in Need of an ESCRT: The Nature of Virus Assembly Sites Suggests Mechanistic Parallels between Nuclear Virus Egress and Retroviral Budding

The proper assembly and dissemination of progeny virions is a fundamental step in virus replication. As a whole, viruses have evolved a myriad of strategies to exploit cellular compartments and mechanisms to ensure a successful round of infection. For enveloped viruses such as retroviruses and herpesviruses, acquisition and incorporation of cellular membrane is an essential process during the formation of infectious viral particles. To do this, these viruses have evolved to hijack the host Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT-I, -II, and -III) to coordinate the sculpting of cellular membrane at virus assembly and dissemination sites, in seemingly different, yet fundamentally similar ways. For instance, at the plasma membrane, ESCRT-I recruitment is essential for HIV-1 assembly and budding, while it is dispensable for the release of HSV-1. Further, HSV-1 was shown to recruit ESCRT-III for nuclear particle assembly and egress, a process not used by retroviruses during replication. Although the cooption of ESCRTs occurs in two separate subcellular compartments and at two distinct steps for these viral lifecycles, the role fulfilled by ESCRTs at these sites appears to be conserved. This review discusses recent findings that shed some light on the potential parallels between retroviral budding and nuclear egress and proposes a model where HSV-1 nuclear egress may occur through an ESCRT-dependent mechanism.

Particle Detectors

The book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors in their different forms as well as their applications, presenting the abundant material as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. The target group for the book are both, students who want to get an introduction or wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject as well as lecturers and researchers who intend to extent their expertise. The book is also suited as a preparation for instrumental work in nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics and in many other fields (addressed in chapter 2). The detection of elementary particles, nuclei and high-energetic electromagnetic radiation, in this book commonly designated as ‘particles’, proceeds through interactions of the particles with matter. A detector records signals originating from the interactions occurring in or near the detector and (in general) feeds them into an electronic data acquisition system. The book describes the various steps in this process, beginning with the relevant interactions with matter, then proceeding to their exploitation for different detector types like tracking detectors, detectors for particle identification, detectors for energy measurements, detectors in astroparticle experiments, and ending with a discussion of signal processing and data acquisition. Besides the introductory and overview chapters (chapters 1 and 2), the book is divided into five subject areas: – fundamentals (chapters 3 to 5), – detection of tracks of charged particles (chapters 6 to 9), – phenomena and methods mainly applied for particle identification (chapters 10 to 14), – energy measurement (accelerator and non-accelerator experiments) (chapters 15, 16), – electronics and data acquisition (chapters 17 and 18). Comprehensive lists of literature, keywords and abbreviations can be found at the end of the book.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ СБОЕУСТОЙЧИВЫХ СВЕРХБЫСТРОДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЦЕПЕЙ КМОП СБИС СНК

Проанализированы асимптотические параметры быстродействия нанометровых (суб-100 нм) КМОП-технологий объемного кремния (ОК) уровня 90-28 нм. Показано, что сбоеустойчивость логических цепей при воздействии отдельных ядерных частиц (ОЯЧ) зависит от частоты синхронизации СБИС и ухудшается при ее повышении. Даны рекомендации по проектированию сбоеустойчивых быстродействующих логических цепей в составе СБИС типа «система на кристалле» (СнК). The paper deals with asymptotic performance parameters of nanometer-CMOS technologies at a level of90-28 nm. It is shown that the single nuclear particle tolerance of logical circuits depends on the clock frequency of the VLSI circuit and worsens with its increase. Recommendations are given on the design of heavy-ion tolerant high-speed logic circuits in the system-on-chip (SoC) type VLSI.

New Numerical Results for the Time-Fractional Phi-Four Equation Using a Novel Analytical Approach

This manuscript investigates the fractional Phi-four equation by using q -homotopy analysis transform method ( q -HATM) numerically. The Phi-four equation is obtained from one of the special cases of the Klein-Gordon model. Moreover, it is used to model the kink and anti-kink solitary wave interactions arising in nuclear particle physics and biological structures for the last several decades. The proposed technique is composed of Laplace transform and q -homotopy analysis techniques, and fractional derivative defined in the sense of Caputo. For the governing fractional-order model, the Banach’s fixed point hypothesis is studied to establish the existence and uniqueness of the achieved solution. To illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the projected algorithm, we analyze the considered model in terms of arbitrary order with two distinct cases and also introduce corresponding numerical simulation. Moreover, the physical behaviors of the obtained solutions with respect to fractional-order are presented via various simulations.