Novel Supervisory Management Scheme of Hybrid Sun Empowered Grid-Assisted Microgrid for Rapid Electric Vehicles Charging Area

The spread of electric vehicles (EV) contributes substantial stress to the present overloaded utility grid which creates new chaos for the distribution network. To relieve the grid from congestion, this paper deeply focused on the control and operation of a charging station for a PV/Battery powered workplace charging facility. This control was tested by simulating the fast charging station when connected to specified EVs and under variant solar irradiance conditions, parity states and seasonal weather. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm and experimental results are validated through simulation in Simulink/Matlab. The results showed that the electric station operated smoothly and seamlessly, which confirms the feasibility of using this supervisory strategy. The optimum cost is calculated using heuristic algorithms in compliance with the meta-heuristic barebones Harris hawk algorithm. In order to long run of charging station the sizing components of the EV station is done by meta-heuristic barebones Harris hawk optimization with profit of USD 0.0083/kWh and it is also validated by swarm based memetic grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) and canonical particle swarm optimization (PSO).

Features of Work of Electric Locomotive Transport in the Conditions of Iron-Ore Mines

In the article the results of research of work of mine electric locomotive transport are driven. It is marked that increase of power efficiency of electrical equipment of mine are a necessary condition for the increase of booty of iron-ore raw material. Decision of task of increase of booty of iron-ore raw material related to development and improvement of underground transport. Forming of structure of moving of iron-ore raw material takes place under influence of many mining-and-geological, technical, technological and organizational factors that influence on the size of stream of the moved loads casual character. This is determine casual character of stream of raw material that is transported. Mine electric locomotives are the basic type of transport that is used for moving of minerals within the limits of mountain drift. A model, that describes work of one electric locomotive enroute, that serves one point in that there is loading of minerals with one claotype ways, was considered. Realization of burst performance of mine electric locomotive is possible at reduction of time of his outages, that results in reduction of time of voyage and increase of middle rate of movement of rolling stock. Research of work of electric locomotive transport in the conditions of iron-ore mine was shown, that time of voyage was in limits from 440 to 530 seconds, middle speed here changes a from 1,2 to 1,78 m/s, and distance, that passes an electric locomotive in times of one voyage, makes from 596,7 to 796 meters. Importance of the modes of starting and braking was shown for realization of maximal properties on coupling of wheels of electric locomotive with rails and increase of the productivity of mine electric locomotives, and also factors that influence to work of mine electric locomotives in the mode of braking are considered. For the power supply of mine electric locomotives a device is used for connecting to parts being under electric tension. This device, pantograph, by means of the special wire, carries out a contact and connecting of electric parts of electric locomotive to the electric station. On the value of tension of the electric station influences circumstance that she is connected to the sections of tires that conduct an electric current, to that other, more power-hungry consumers are connected. So, for example, at starting of a main vent setting, by power 1600 kilowatts, there is a considerable decline of output tension value of that were fixed in limits from 195 to 276 Volt. It becomes possible because of influence of powerful electrical equipment on work of other electrical equipment in the group systems of power supply. Partly this question can be decided due to the use of the systems facilitating starting of electrical equipment. Basic factors, that influence to work of mine electric locomotives there are such that directly operate on the electromechanics system in the zone of contact of wheel with a rail (coefficient of rolling friction of wheels of electric locomotive with rails), and pantograph with a pin wire (level of tension of power supply of electromechanic). Therefore influence of these factors must be necessarily taken into account during work of mine electric locomotives. Other factors have casual character, and works of electric locomotives do not operate at all time, therefore, for reduction of their influence, a sufficient condition is implementation of preventive measures, such as introductions of the systems of the smooth starting, application of algorithms power effective management, systems of monitoring and diagnostics of work of equipment. The presence of wide range of initial conditions, such as variation of coefficient of rolling friction and rate of movement of electric locomotive, stipulates complication of calculations of descriptions of retrosystem.

Risk factors for bronchial asthma among children in Medina city, Saudi Arabia: an ecological approach

Background: Asthma is a common disease in Saudi Arabia that affects many individuals. Children are profoundly affected, and the impact of the disease is noticeable in the frequent visits to the emergency departments, missed school days, recurrent hospitalizations, and high death rates. Our study is aimed at identifying the determinant of bronchial asthma risk factors based on the ecological model.Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Samples were randomly selected from two major hospitals in Medina Region, Saudi Arabia, including children aged between 1-14 years. A chi-square test was used to see any differences across categories between cases and control. Significant factors associated with asthma in bivariate analysis were submitted to conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Factors significantly associated with asthma were being obese (OR=5.10; 95% CI 2.09-12.42), having a history of allergic rhinitis (OR=7.10; 95% CI 3.24-15.52), born preterm (OR=6.06; 95% CI 2.05-17.87), living in a carpeted home (OR=3.06; 95% CI 1.41-6.64), using a gas stove (OR=9.09; 95% CI 3.93-21.03), playing with plush toys (OR=4.58; 95% CI 2.04-10.30), living in a home distanced less than 500 meters from the main traffic road (OR=3.68; 95% CI 1.27-10.70), less than 500 meters from a plant farm (OR=3.78; 95% CI 1.68-10.70), and less than 500 meters from an electric station (OR=5.57; 95% CI 1.73-17.93).Conclusions: This study confirms the associations between individual, outdoor-indoor environmental factors, and bronchial asthma among children in Medina. This study is a step forward into the future of interventional programs to control bronchial asthma among children.

MODIFICATION OF POWER CONTROL ALGORITHM ELECTRIC STATION

Currently, the bulk of the information necessary for the implementation of supervisory control and the controllability of electrical equipment comes from telemechanics systems. A prerequisite for the construction of new electric power facilities or for the reconstruction of old ones is the introduction of telemechanics systems. Telemechanics systems are actively developing and improving. Initially, all of them consisted of a controlled telemechanics center that monitors and controls the system, receiving and processing analog signals from analog measuring transducers via numerous direct cable communication lines. The main disadvantages of such an organization of telemechanical systems include a large amount of connecting cables, scaling difficulties and low metrological characteristics. With the advent of digital transmitters, it became possible to transmit signals from them in digital form, which reduced the number of connecting lines and simplified the scaling and fault tolerance of systems. Now with the help of one measuring transducer it is possible to measure several parameters at once. The main measured parameters of power plants include: current strength, phase voltages, AC frequency, active, reactive and apparent power. This article describes the organization of the telemechanics and communication systems of the Astrakhan TPP-2. The analysis of the existing station power control algorithm is given. A variant of its modification is proposed. An example of the implementation of the proposed modification of the algorithm is described.

DEAERATION AS A METHOD OF CORROSIVE GASES REMOVAL FROM THE WATER ON HEAT ELECTRIC STANTION

The characteristic of methods of removal of corrosion-active gases from the water on heat electric station by the method of deaeration is considered. The using of vacuum-deaerators is discussed.

DEAERATION AS A METHOD OF CORROSIVE GASES REMOVING FROM THE WATER ON HEAT ELECTRIC STANTIONS

The characteristic of methods of removal of corrosion-active gases from the water on heat electric station by the method of deaeration is considered. The using of vacuum-deaerators is discussed.

Renewable Energy: Pumped Hydro Energy Storage System (Water Bank)

It gives an impression of vacant electrical storage technologies, methods to compute cost and profits streams, along with future technology advancements. Moving water between two reservoirs by turbine or a propeller at different elevations, that generates the energy works like a conventional hydro electric station. Pumped hydro storage reports for approximately 96% of universal energy storage capacity. It provides an outline of the mechanisms by which these pumped hydro plants interrelate with their individual electricity markets in the countries with the major predicted growth of maze-scale energy storage. Variablespeed and ternary PHS systems allow for faster and wider operating ranges, providing additional flexibility at all timescales, enabling high penetrations of VRE at lower system costs.