Investigating the Effectiveness of Recycled Agricultural and Cement Manufacturing Waste Materials Used in Oil Sorption

This research investigates how sorbents made from recycled waste materials affect the properties of water used to remove residues flushed from oil tanks transported by rail. The mineral sorbent was added to water following the flushing process. Water temperatures were maintained at 21 °C and 70 °C for a contact period of 30 min. The experiments demonstrated that: when the sorbent is active, turbidity removal efficiency was about 64%; color removal efficiency of 56% was obtained; and total iron concentration removal was approximately 68%. The effect of the characteristics of the materials on the adsorption capacity was evaluated using the removed amount of oil per one gram of every sorbent. It was found that straw sorbent oil adsorption capacity was up to 33 mg/g, peat sorbent 37 mg/g, and mineral sorbent 1.83 mg/g. The following were also measured during the experiment: temperature, pH, chemical oxygen usage, total iron concentrations, suspended matter, and oil concentrations. The findings show that recycled sorbents obtained from waste materials are environmentally sustainable and can be reused to treat water that has been used to flush oil transported in rail tanks.

Aspectos ecológicos del uso de sorbentes para mejorar la eficiencia de bioremediación de suelos contaminados por petróleo

Nowadays, polluted soils are one of the primary environmental problems. Due to a large number of oil-contaminated lands, new methods are being developed more and more actively, as well as a combination of various existing methods for disposing of oil spills. In this paper, bioremediation with the use of adsorption is considered to reduce toxicity and accelerate the processes of microbial destruction of hydrocarbons. There is a large selection of sorbents based on carbon, mineral, and natural materials. The effectiveness of a particular sorbent will vary depending on the application region, weather and climate conditions, soil type, and the type and properties of the oil. In this work, peat was tested as an organic sorbent (S1), vermiculite as a mineral sorbent (S2), and sorbent based on carbon (S3). The sorbents were added to the soils contaminated by oil, evaluating the pH, humidity, and phytotoxicity of the soils. The results showed that the soils treated with sorbents maintained the neutral pH, increased the humidity, and decreased the phytotoxicity of the soil. The sorbent efficiency was S3> S2> S1.

Characteristics of Natural Mineral Sorbent for Water Treatment of Drinking Water from Underground Sources

The results of research of sorption characteristics of natural mineral material – marsh ferromanganese ore are presented. Indicators of physical properties and mechanical strength, specific surface area of grains of ore samples were determined. The high efficiency of extraction of manganese and iron ions from underground waters by this natural material without the use of additional reagents is revealed. The kinetics of the sorption process was studied. It is shown that the extraction of manganese and iron ions from water solutions by marsh ferromanganese ore proceeds by a sorption-catalytic mechanism. For each ion, the values of the sorption capacity of the sorbent, the sorption equilibrium constants, and the kinetic parameters of the sorption process are calculated.

Sorption of oil products on the synthetic zeolite granules

In this work, lightweight granules of zeolite Na-P1 based on expanded glass aggregates were synthesized for the application in oil products’ sorption. The sorption of gasoline, diesel and silicone oil tests were also conducted for raw expanded glass, zeolite A, clinoptilolite and mineral sorbent available at a fuel station. All sorbents were also characterized in terms of the phase composition (X-ray diffraction) and structure (infrared spectroscopy). The zeolite Na-P1 granules achieved the highest values of sorption capacities (1.8, 2.1 and 2.6 g/g, respectively), which makes them promising materials for oils’ removal.

Correction of physiological, biochemical and productive indicators of farm animals using mineral sorbent

When feeding 30-180-day old calves with mineral sorbent vodnite, the number of red blood cells increases by 4.17% (p≤0.05), the hemoglobin level increases by 9.4% (p≤0.05), total protein content by 6.44% (p≤0.01), albumin content by 4.60% (p≤0.001), the phagocytic activity of leukocytes by 12.42% (p≤0.05), the bactericidal activity by 6.47% (p≤0.05), the lysozyme activity by 10% (p≤0.05), the average daily weight gain of calves by 7.4%, the live weight by 7.6% (p≤0.01). In fresh cows fed with vodnite, physical and biochemical characteristic improve and the gross milk yield increases by 45–84 kg (p<0.05). Vodnite used for cattle increases the genetic productivity.

Carbon-Mineral Adsorbent from Petroleum Pitch and Precipitated Colloidal Silica

The carbon-mineral adsorbent was prepared according to a two-stage scheme, which, despite the hydrophilic nature of the surface of colloidal silica, made it possible to prepare pellets with a high specific surface area and compressive strength of up to 70 m2 /g and 8 MPa, respectively. The proposed method consists in mixing petroleum pitch and colloidal silica in the first stage, followed by granulation and carbonization (at 1000 °C); the resulting carbon-mineral material is crushed and mixed with petroleum pitch in the second stage, after which it is also granulated and carbonized (at 700 °C). Based on the obtained carbon-mineral sorbent, a highly porous carbon adsorbent is produced by etching the silicate base in a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide during boiling. The total pore volume of the obtained samples reached 3.5 cm3 /g.

IONITES ON THE BASIS OF CLINOPTILOLITE

Organomineral ionites have been synthesized, in which natural mineral sorbent is chemically bound to organic part of a molecsule, containing ionogen groups. Ionogen groups of these ionites contribute to efficient exchange in water solutions. They might be used for cleaning drainage waters and technical solutions, as well as for purification of medicinal preparations from various admixes. Hydrogen forms of natural zeolite - clinoptilolite and bromoacetic acid were used to resolve this problem. Chemical modification of clinoptilolite, by inculcation of ionogen groups into zeolite skeleton, enables us to increase significantly ionite exchange capacity. Static exchange capacity of a cationite with carboxyl ionogen groups increases from 0,1 - 0,9 (for chemically unmodified zeolite) to 5- 6 мg.equiv./g.