Bioefficacy of rainbow trout flesh lipids depending on amino acid levels in compound feeds

Abstract. The article examines the effect of complete compound feeds with different lysine and methionine levels on lipid bioefficacy indicators in rainbow trout flesh. The experiment was aimed at determining the effect of different types of amino acid nutrition of commercial rainbow trout on the fatty acid composition of flesh lipids as well as their bioefficacy. For this purpose, we formed five experimental groups by the method of analogs. The experiment lasted 210 days and consisted of two periods, namely equalizing (10 days) and main (200 days). Throughout the equalizing period, the feeding ration was the same for fish in the control and experimental groups. Throughout the main period, lysine and methionine levels in the experimental compound feeds for various experimental trout groups ranged from 2.5 to 2.9% and from 0.8 to 1.0%, respectively. During the study, rainbow trout was fed 4–6 times a day, in the daytime and at regular intervals. The required amount of feeds was calculated based on the indices of individual fish body weight and temperature at the time of feeding. Commercial two-year-olds were reared in ponds with an area of 100 m2 at a stocking density of 50 specimens/m2, and a water level of 1 m. The total number of trout in experimental studies was 25 thousand specimens. It was found that the main share of fatty acids in rainbow trout flesh lipids is saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The study demonstrated that the use of compound feeds with increased lysine and methionine levels for the fish of the 4th experimental group resulted in an increase in the content of saturated fatty acids in the flesh by 5.84% versus control. An increase in the amino acid nutritional value of the compound feeds subsequently led to an increase in the content of linoleic acid in the trout flesh by 0.19–0.24% versus control.

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Characteristics of Amino Acid, Fatty Acid and Mineral of Sea Hare

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.17844/jphpi.v19i2.13224 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benny Manulang ◽

Sri Purwaningsih ◽

Azrifitria Azrifitria

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Characteristic ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Limited Information ◽

Sea Hare

Dolabella auricularia are found in the waters of Indo - Pacific and has active compound in health, which until now is still limited information about nutritional content from sea hare. The aim of this research were to determine morphometric and chemical characteristic D. auricularia which includes the proximate, amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. The composition of fatty acid were measured by gas chromatography (GC), amino acids were measured by high performanced liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mineral was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The sea hare contained 9 essential amino acids and 6 non essential amino acids. The highest essential amino acid was arginine (1.61%) while the highest non essential amino acids was glycine (3.02%). Sea hare contained 26 fatty acids such as saturated fatty acids 5.33%, monounsaturated fatty acids 2.11% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 4.10%. The high mineral was calcium 68100 mg/kg.

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The Effects of Adding Lysin Essential Amino Acid to Commercial Feed on Fatty Acid Contents of Pangasius Fish

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2020.wvj78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 653-657

Author(s):

Wahyu Nopita ◽

Mirni Lamid ◽

. Agustono

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Marine Fish ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Economic Value ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Commercial Feed

Pangasius is a medium to very large freshwater shark catfish primarily used for consumption with high economic value. The content of pangasius fatty acids is higher than in marine fish, since marine fish have a lower saturated fatty acid composition than freshwater fish. The present research aimed to determine the effects of adding lysine essential amino acid to commercial feeds on the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids contents of pangasius fish. In the present research, an experimental method with completely randomized design was used. The treatment was done by adding lysine with different doses including P0 (0%), P1 (1.2%), P2 (2.2%), and P3 (3.2%). Each treatment was repeated five times. The main parameters studied were the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in pangasius fish meat. The observed parameter was water quality. The present results indicated the use of lysine in commercial feed caused significant differences in the content of saturated fatty acids, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) in pangasius meat; a decrease in the saturated fatty acids content was found in P3 with 3.2% (3.5882 mg/dl). In P2, an increase in the MUFA content of 2.2% (5.9630 mg/dl) was found. An increase in the PUFA content was found in P3 treatment with 3.2% Lysin (23.1082 mg/dl). P1, P2 and P3 indicated lower results than control treatments (P0). The use of lysine in commercial feed indicated significant differences in the content of saturated fatty acids, MUFA and PUFA in pangasius.

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Protein, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of two edible crabs of Lagos coast,Nigeria

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 396-401

Author(s):

Rasheed Olatunji Moruf ◽

Aderonke Omolara Lawal-Are

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Protein Amino Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions

Edible crabs constitute one of the major sources of nutritious food for human nutrition. The study was aimed to examine the protein, amino acid and fatty acid compositions of two edible crabs (Callinectes amnicola and Portunus validus) of Lagos coast, Nigeria. Samples were obtained from the water body, transported in crushed iced insulated containers and analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. Crude protein varied from 55 - 68.92% (C. amnicola) and 51.9 - 67.51% (P. validus) on dry matter basis. Leucine (8.63 - 9.73g/100 g crude protein) and glutamic acid (12.71 - 16.19g/100 g crude protein) were the highest concentrated essential and non-essential amino acids, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the amino acid values indicated that C. amnicola has more variations, relative to its mean. The most concentrated saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid in the samples with significantly different (P <0.05) values of 14.32±1.05% (C. amnicola) and 24.52±0.00% (P. validus). With the exception of lauric, arachidic and lignoceric, all saturated fatty acids were more concentrated in P. validus than in C. amnicola. Oleic acid among the monounsaturated fatty acids occupied the highest position in C. amnicola (17.6233±0.04%) and in P. validus (12.4682±0.25%); whereas timnodenic acid was the most concentrated among the polyunsaturated fatty acids, with values of 23.9744±0.48 % (C. amnicola) and 15.7234±0.25 % (P. validus). Both species have reasonable levels of dietary protein and lipid quality. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 396–401, 2019

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Cultivated and Wild Juvenile Thick-Lipped Grey Mullet, Chelon labrosus: A Comparison from a Nutritional Point of View

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2112

Author(s):

Jorge García-Márquez ◽

Alba Galafat ◽

Francisco Javier Alarcón ◽

Félix López Figueroa ◽

Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Point Of View ◽

Grey Mullet ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Chelon Labrosus

The thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) is a nominee fish species for aquaculture diversification in Spain because it is an omnivore and euryhaline species, but limited knowledge about the nutritional attributes of this species is available. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of wild and cultured fish. The muscle proximate composition, and fatty acid and amino acid profiles were assessed. The cultivated specimens showed a higher lipid content and lower protein and ash contents compared with the wild specimens. The predominant tissue fatty acids in both the wild and cultivated fish were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). A higher content of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and DHA were detected in the muscle of wild mullets, while the fish supplied with commercial pellets showed higher quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower quantities of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Regarding PUFAs, n-3 fatty acids were predominant in wild mullets, while n-6 and n-9 were more abundant in farmed fish. In terms of amino acid composition, except for histidine in wild specimens, the amino acid amounts were higher than the FAO/WHO standard. In conclusion, C. labrosus may contribute to improving the dietary intake of highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, with a benefit to human health, owing to that fact that a 100-gram fillet portion of cultivated and wild C. labrosus can provide 770 mg and 1160 mg of EPA and DHA, respectively, which exceeds the 250 mg dietary daily intake recommended by the FAO/WHO.

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Fatty acid profile in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as influenced by diet

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1203563t ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 563-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Trbovic ◽

D. Vranic ◽

J. Djinovic-Stojanovic ◽

V. Matekalo-Sverak ◽

V. Djordjevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Tissue ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Fish Samples

With the aim of reinforcement S&T capacities in aquaculture, studies on the influence of three commercial pelleted diets on fatty acid profile in rainbow trout production were undertaken. Commercial diets for rainbow trout contained significantly different quantities of saturated fatty acids (SFA), (p<0.05), ranging from 21.02 to 38.50%. Significant differences between diets (p<0.05) were established in the proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), (29.56- 45.21%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (31.95 to 36.43%). The established quantities of EPA (C20:5 n-3) and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in diets were 8.69, 9.11, 11.36% and 3.90, 5.30, 8.18%, respectively. The share of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA) ranged from 17.97 to 26.33% and from 10.10 to 13.98%, respectively. The n-3/n-6 ratio was in the range 1.29-2.61. The major SFA (total SFA: 22.17- 35.63%) in fish samples was palmitic acid (C16:0), (15.61-24.65%). Oleic acid (C18:1cis-9) was the most abundant from the MUFA family (21.90-31.89%), (total MUFA: 35.00-43.50%). From PUFA family (total PUFA: 29.38-34.33%), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), (10.09-10.97%), EPA (2.95-4.26%) and DHA (7.53-10.39%) were present in significant quantities in trout. Quantities of n-3 FA ranged from 17.08 to 21.12% and significant differences (p<0.05) were established between trout fed Diet I and Diet III. The proportion of n-6 FA ranged from 12.29 to 13.21% and no significant differences were established (p>0.05). The n-3/n-6 ratio ranged from 1.39 to 1.60 and differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The obtained results indicate that fatty acid profile of fish reflects the fatty acid composition of fish diets, with some variabilities which indicate that the incorporation of fatty acids in fish tissue is under some metabolic effects.

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Biochemical composition of some Echinodermata (Holothuroidea, Echinoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.246309 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

Author(s):

H. O. Ahmed ◽

A. Mahdy ◽

S. A. M. Nasser ◽

K. F. Abd El-Wakeil ◽

A. H. Obuid-Allah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Red Sea ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Holothuria Atra

Abstract In the present study, the biochemical composition of some Echinodermata (Holothuroidea, Echinoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt was investigated. The results showed that the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria scabra. The highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was recorded in Pearsonothuria graeffei while the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was recorded in Holothuria nobilis and the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. The highest percentage of omega-3 fatty acids was recorded in Stichopus hermanni however, the lowest percentage was recorded in Diadema setosum. The highest percentage of omega-6 fatty acids was recorded in Bohadschia vitiensis where, the lowest percentage was recorded in Holothuria atra. In addition, nonessential amino acid (NEAA) glycine were the highest in all species and serine was the lowest while Essential amino acid (EAA) arginine was the highest and cysteine was the lowest. All of the NEAA recorded highest concentrations in S. hermanni except proline. The recorded essential amino acids were histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and leucine. The latter was high in Pearsonothuria graeffei. Tyrosine, valine, threonine, and arginine were high in Stichopus hermanni. The present study proved that sea cucumbers has great nutritional value.

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Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666181010100002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 142-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hadi Emamat ◽

Zahra Yari ◽

Hossein Farhadnejad ◽

Parvin Mirmiran

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fats ◽

Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

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Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84850-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Goc ◽

Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽

Matthias Rath

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Cathepsin L ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Lipid Compounds

AbstractThe strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

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Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13031003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1003

Author(s):

Elena Vega-Martín ◽

Marta Gil-Ortega ◽

Raquel González-Blázquez ◽

Sara Benedito ◽

Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

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Spiny-Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), as an Alternative Food Source

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Natalia Śmietana ◽

Remigiusz Panicz ◽

Małgorzata Sobczak ◽

Przemysław Śmietana ◽

Arkadiusz Nędzarek

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Chemical Score ◽

Very High ◽

Acid Index

The aim of the study was to present a comprehensive characterisation of crayfish meat, which is crucial to assess its potential usefulness in the food industry. To this end, we assessed the yield, basic chemical composition (protein, fat, minerals), nutritional value (amino acid and fatty acid profiles, essential amino acid index (EAAI), chemical score of essential amino acids (CS), hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H), atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indices), as well as culinary value (lab colour, texture, sensory characteristics, structure) of the meat of spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) (n = 226) from Lake Sominko (Poland) harvested in May–September 2017. Crayfish meat, especially that from the abdomen, was shown to have high nutritional parameters. It is lean (0.26% of fat), with a favourable fatty acid profile and a very high quality of fat (PUFA (sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids):SFA (sum of saturated fatty acids), n-6/n-3, h/H, AI, TI) and protein (high CS and EAAI). It is also a better source of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and Cu than meat from slaughter animals. Hence, crayfish meat can be an alternative to livestock meat in the human diet. Owing to its culinary value (delicateness, weak game flavour, and odour), it meets the requirements of the most demanding consumers, i.e., children and older people.

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