INDIRECT INFORMATION HIDING TECHNOLOGY ON A MULTIADIC BASIS

It is shown that the current direction of increasing the safety of information resources when transmitting information in info-communication systems is the use of methods of steganographic instruction in video imagery. The effectiveness of such methods is significantly increased when used in a complex of methods of concealment, which are based on the principles of inconsistent and cosmic communication. At the same time, existing methods of steganographic are used in the process of insertion of information mainly only laws, empty features of visual perception of video images. So, it is justified that the scientific and applied problem, which is to increase the density of embedded messages in the video container with a given level of their reliability, is relevant. The solution of this problem is based on the solution of the contradiction, which concerns the fact that increasing the density of embedded data leads to a decrease in the bit rate of the video container, steganalysis stability, reliability of special information, and video container. Therefore, the research aims to develop a methodology for the steganographic embedding of information, taking into account the regularities of the video container, which are generated by its structural and structural-statistical features. The solution to the posed problem of applying steganographic transformations is proposed to be realised by methods of indirectly embedding parts of the hidden message in certain conditions or functional relationships. The possibility of creating steganographic transformations regarding the indirect embedding and extraction of hidden information in a multiadic basis by modifying the underlying basis system within an admissible set is demonstrated. It is shown that the multiadic system, which is created in the spectral space of DCT transforms, has the potential to form a set of admissible modifications of basis systems.

Postmodernism in Education and System Inversions

This paper is a detailed review of the article by P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov ‘The Carnival Time: Russian Higher School and Science in the Postmodern Era’. The author considers the main problems shown in this article. In order to study these problems the author uses a method of analysis of inverse relations in hierarchical systems as a theoretical basis. System inversion is a form of relations in hierarchical systems, in which the lowest element receives the dominant value in the system, formally remaining in the same subordinate position. This situation can occur both in the social hierarchy and, for example, in the hierarchy of values. As a result of the developed inversion, contradictions accumulate in the system, which can lead to the collapse of this system or to a radical transformation. Such processes can be observed in modern education. This is why there is a priority of the visible over the existent, as it happens in the situation of ‘carnival’. The article by P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov examines the postmodern cultural context in which modern education functions. In this regard, the author presents an interpretation of the postmodern situation from the point of view of analyzing system inversions. The current state of the educational sector is determined by the resolution of inversion in the system of human activity. This inversion covers the instrumental and symbolic aspects of human activity. Due to this, there are features of educational activities related to the introduction of digital technologies, which P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov pay special attention to. The authors of the article describe the status of the modern teacher’s activity as ‘spiritual prostitution’. Indeed, the activities of some teachers can be described by this term. However, this happens when both the teacher and the student experience a value inversion (as is the case with ordinary prostitution). Instead of this model of behavior, the author suggests another one, more worthy, – a ‘soldier of culture’. ‘Soldiers of culture’ do not ‘provide educational services’, they have a mission to broadcast and enrich culture, which is the highest, terminal value.

Guidance Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles on a Basis System of Technical Viewing

The chapter considers a description of developed control system for a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that has a software capable to continue the flight in case of failures by using alternative control algorithms. Control system is developed on vision system by using methods of image recognition. Grouped coordinated flight of UAVs can significantly improve the performance of surveillance processes, such as reconnaissance, image recognition, aerial photography, industrial and environmental monitoring, etc. But to control a group of UAVs is a quite difficult task. In this chapter, the authors propose a model that corresponds to the principle of construction by the leading UAVs. In the case of using this model, the parameters of the system motion are determined by the direction of motion, the speed, and the acceleration of the UAVs' driving. The control system based on the methods of image recognition expands the possibilities of coordinating the group of UAVs.

The Dirichlet Problem for the Perturbed Elliptic Equation

In this paper, the authors consider the construction of one class of perturbed problems to the Dirichlet problem for the elliptic equation. The operators of both problems are isospectral, which makes it possible to construct solutions to the perturbed problem using the Fourier method. This article focuses on the Dirichlet problem for the elliptic equation perturbed by the selected variable. We established the spectral properties of the perturbed operator. In this work, we found the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the perturbed task operator. Further, we proved the completeness, minimal spanning system, and Riesz basis system of eigenfunctions of the perturbed operator. Finally, we proved the theorem on the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the boundary value problem for a perturbed elliptic equation.

Mathematical modelling of the filtration process in a porous medium based on non-conformal mixed finite element formulation

Статья посвящена математическому моделированию процесса фильтрации жидкости в пористой геологической среде под действием давления. Разрабатывается вычислительная схема решения задачи Дарси на основе смешанной конечноэлементной постановки с использованием разрывного метода Галёркина. Выполнено построение специализированных базисных систем для скорости в пространстве H и давления в пространстве L . Проведены вычислительные эксперименты на классе модельных задач. The paper addresses mathematical modelling modelling for the process of fluid filtration in porous geological media under pressure. A computational scheme based on a mixed non-conformal variational formulation for solving the Darcy problem with a tensor coefficient of permeability of the medium was developed, implemented and verified. Moreover, the discontinuous Galerkin method for obtaining the finite element approximation was used. A specialized hierarchical basis system for velocity in the H space and a basis system with discontinuous functions on boundaries of finite elements for pressure in the L space were constructed. Computational experiments on a class of problems close to real ones have shown that for a computational domain with multidirectional rectangular inclusions of arbitrary size and concentration, the numerical fields of pressure and velocity are determined with a relative error of 1e-2 even on a coarse grid. An increase in the contrast of the permeability coefficient of the medium with respect to the permeability coefficient of inclusions does not change the relative error in determining the numerical fields. To this end, we can conclude that the constructed computational scheme is stable to significant variation of the coefficient. The authors have developed and verified a software package that is able to export a ready-made solution to the problem in the “.dat” format file for further graphical display and analysis in the Tecplot software package.

Public sector financial management and democracy quality: The role of the accounting systems

Los cambios en los marcos contables, como la adopción de sistemas contables basados en el devengo (accrual accounting) o la implementación de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad del Sector Público (International Public Sector Financial Accounting Standards, IPSAS), se consideran importantes reformas de la gestión financiera del sector público. Estudios anteriores han investigado en gran medida los efectos de estas reformas sobre la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas, teniendo en cuenta también el nivel de participación de los ciudadanos del sector público. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar los efectos de estas prácticas de gestión financiera sobre la calidad de la democracia. Concretamente, se centra en estudiar el papel de los sistemas de contabilidad a nivel internacional y ofrece un análisis comparativo de la adopción de las IPSAS y del sistema basado en los accruals. Utilizando una muestra de 33 países de la OCDE entre los años 2010 y 2014, los resultados sugieren que el uso de un sistema contable basado en los accruals no ha sido suficiente para mejorar la calidad de democracia; sin embargo, los hallazgos indican que la implementación de las IPSAS sí consigue mejorar la calidad de la democracia, principalmente debido a los principios de igualdad y control. Changes in accounting frameworks, such as those based on the adoption of accrual-accounting systems or the implementation of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), are considered to be an important feature of public-sector financial management practices and reforms. Previous studies have largely investigated the effects of these reforms on transparency and accountability, also taking into account the dimension of the participation of citizens. This study aims to examine the effects of public-sector financial management practices regarding the quality of democracy. It focuses on the role of the accounting systems in use, offering an international view and comparative analysis of IPSAS and accrual-basis system adoption. By using a sample of 33 OECD countries between 2010 and 2014, the findings which emerge from the analysis suggest that accrual-basis accounting has proven not to be sufficient for a good democracy quality; however, they indicate that IPSAS implementation improves the democracy quality, mainly due to equality and control principles.

CONTINUITY OF PRESCHOOL AND ELEMENTARY EDUCATION THROUGH THE USE OF PROJECT ACTIVITY

Рассматривается вопрос осуществления преемственности дошкольного и начального образования. Преемственность понимается как взаимодействие между разными ступенями образования, обеспечивающее развитие детей, обогащение знаний и опыта, основанное на учете специфики возраста, применении соответствующих, эффективных для каждой ситуации средств, методов, форм педагогической деятельности, направленных на плавное поэтапное становление учебной деятельности ребенка и переход его от одного образовательного уровня к другому. Анализ стандартов дошкольного и начального общего образования с позиции реализации преемственных связей дал возможность выявить сходства в целях, теоретико-методологической основе (системно-деятельностный подход), в структуре, позволяющей определить согласованность содержания и способов его реализации на обоих уровнях. Важным механизмом преемственности является поиск сквозных, т. е. есть актуальных для разных уровней образования технологий и методов. Этому требованию отвечает проектная деятельность дошкольника и младшего школьника, которая представлена как интегративная деятельность. Последняя включает игровую, исследовательскую, творческую деятельность и особые образовательные результаты в каждой возрастной группе. The author considers the issue of the implementation of the continuity of preschool and primary education. Continuity is understood as the interaction between different levels of education. This interaction provides the development of children, enriching their knowledge and experience. It is based on taking into account the specifics of age, the leading type of activity, on the use of appropriate, effective for each situation means, methods, forms of pedagogical activity. The continuity of methods and means is aimed at establishing a smooth phased formation of the child’s learning activities and moving him from one educational level to another. The author analyzes the standards of preschool and primary general education from the perspective of the implementation of continuity. The analysis showed similarities in goals, in a theoretical and methodological basis (system-activity approach), in the structure, which allows us to determine the consistency of the content and methods of its implementation at the levels of preschool and primary education. An important mechanism of continuity is the search for cross-cutting, that is, relevant for different levels of education, technologies and methods. This requirement meets the project, which the author presents as an integrative activity, combining game, research, creative activities. The researcher presents the special results of the implementation of project activities in each age group and their relationship.

System Theory, Proton Stability, Double-Slit Experiment, and Cyclotron Physics

Every system is composed of constitutional elements that are stable. Unstable elements cannot build a system. The hydrogen atom, for example, is the system composed out of two stable elements: proton and electron. How proton could be a system made out of unstable elements as quarks and gluons is an unanswered question that particle physics need to face in order to strengthen its theoretical basis. System Theory offers an original interpretation of double-slit experiment and requires re-examination of cyclotron physics.

High Purity Chlorine Dioxide Generation Based on the Mixed Reductant: From the Laboratory to Industry

Methanol was used as reducing agent in the chlorine dioxide generation technology, and sodium chlorate was reduced to form chlorine dioxide under acidic conditions. The side reaction during the preparation process would produce chlorine, which results in a high content of chlorine in the product and leads to an increase in the amount of AOX formation during pulp bleaching. In this work, the chlorine dioxide generation technology based on the mixed reductant was developed. On the basis system based on the methanol method, a high-purity chlorine dioxide for pulp bleaching was successfully produced using a vertical generator by adding a mixed reducing agent that contain hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride. This invention can not only solve the problems of low conversion rate of sodium chlorate and high content of chlorine in the traditional methanol reduction method, but also reduces the production cost. The chlorine content in the chlorine dioxide solution is reduced to less than 0.2 g/L.