The Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fermented Durian (D. Zibethinus )

Lactic acid (C2H5COOH) is the organic acid that can serve as a food preservation. The group of bacteria which can produce lactic acid in their fermentation process known as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). A fundamental biochemical change of fermentation is that an acidic environment is created. Many harmful organisms cannot exist in acidic solution so the fermentation productions are save to eat. Fermented Durian is the fermented food prepared from spontaneous fermentation of durian (Durio zibethinus) with or without salt by wild bacteria. The research was conducted to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria in tempoyak. The data in this study were laboratory analysis. Samples were collected weekly in a month analyzed microbiologically from traditionl markets in Bengkulu. There were four species of lactic acid bacteria involved in fermented durian namely Leuconostoc mesentroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus curvatus.

In vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation of lychee pulp phenolics and their impact on metabolic pathways based on fecal metabolomics of mice

Biochemical change and bioactivities of lychee pulp phenolics following simulated human digestion and in vivo metabolism in mice.

The Effects of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia on Liver Synthetic Fidelity and Oxidative Stress Markers

Malaria has for century’s defiled eradication due to pathophysiological and environmental complexities. The study was aimed at revealing the effect of malaria parasitaemia on hepatic synthetic fidelity and oxidative stress markers individually and synergistically. A total of five hundred subjects constituted the sample size, out of which two hundred comprised the control and three hundred the test group with grades of parasitaemia. Serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), iron, malonaldehyde and glutathione were analysed using WHO approved methods. The results obtained indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, malonaldehyde, and glutathione levels in malaria infected subjects when compared to the control group respectively. The result further showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in serum iron concentration in malaria infected groups when compared to the control. In conclusion, malaria infection has a significant impact on the hepatic synthetic capacity and oxidative indicators. It is suggested that these observed biochemical change should be considered when malaria infected individuals are treated and managed.

Post-transplant laronidase augmentation for children with Hurler syndrome: biochemical outcomes

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) benefits children with Hurler syndrome (MPS-IH). However, survivors remain burdened by substantial MPS-IH related residual disease. We studied the feasibility, safety and biochemical impact of augmentative recombinant intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (IV-ERT) post transplantation. Ten children with MPS-IH and ≥2 years from successful HCT underwent IV-ERT for 2 years’ duration. Patients were monitored for anti-drug antibody (ADA) development, including inhibitory capacity and changes in urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans (uGAG). Three patients demonstrated low-level ADA at baseline, though all children tolerated IV-ERT well. Eight patients developed ADA over the 2-year study, with 3 (38%) meeting criteria for an inhibitory ADA response. The aggregate cohort experienced a reduction in uGAG from baseline to study end, which was enhanced in children with low or no ADA response. Conversely, children with inhibitory ADA showed increase in uGAG over time. IV-ERT in previously transplanted children with MPS-IH appears safe and can reduce uGAG, although this is reversed by the presence of inhibitory ADA. These data show a biochemical change after initiation of post-HCT IV-ERT, but the occurrence of ADA and inhibitory antibodies are a concern and should be monitored in future efficacy trials. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01173016, 07/30/2010.

ANALISA PENGERING IKAN AIR TAWAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM HYBRID KOLEKTOR SURYA TIPE RAK DENGAN SOLAR CELL

In South Kalimantan precisely in regency of Hulu Sungai Selatan Amuntai, itis one of the dry fish manufacturing of regency in South Kalimantan. The process ofdrying fish is still doing by traditionally where the fish are drying by utilizing theenergy of the sun directy. The main problem that arise in unfavorable of dryingprocess is a decrease in quality such as a large distribution of water content, thedamage that caused by fungus or biochemical change that unwanted. If thedistribution of heat and air is uneven or uniform, the drying rate of the material willalso be uneven.The method of research was conducted by several stage, first prepare the testequipment, namely fish dryer that has been designed in such a way based on theresult of calculation and then put in the test location and the collector is directed tothe sun and for testing sample by using freshwater fish, sepat fish and haruan fishobtained from the result of local resident, as a measure of temperature in the dryingchamber is using a thermometer to know the temperature in the fish dryer.Based on the data of analysis and discussion, can be taken the conclusionabout fish dryer that is the distribution of the drying rate in the each rack havevariation according to the temperature of the each rack. The result of drying the sepatfish for 7 hours by using solar power dryer were able to reduce the weight of sepatfish from 500 g to 200 g and the wet weight of haruan fish from 500 g to 200 g. Thetotal efficiency of solar power dryer is 79.768%

Synergistic effect of certain insecticides combined with Bacillus thuringiensis on mosquito larvae

For effective vector control it is essential to formulate new preparations having multiple action against the vector pest. Developing combined formulation of biopesticide and chemical pesticide is one of the novel concept to fight against the vectors with new weapons; however, compatibility of biopesticide <em>i.e</em>. <em>Bacillus</em> <em>thuringiensis</em> (Bt) and chemical pesticide is a real hurdle. In this investigation, local isolate <em>Bacillus</em> <em>thuringiensis</em> SV2 (BtSV2) was tested for its compatibility with various available mosquito larvicides. Temephos was most compatible with BtSV2 than with other tested pesticides. These two compatible agents were tested for larvicidal potential. Our study revealed that the synergistic effect of both agents reduces LC50 value by 30.68 and 22.36% against the <em>Ae</em>. <em>aegypti</em> and <em>An</em>. <em>stephensi</em>, respectively. The larvicidal potential increased when compared to individual pesticides. It was also observed a biochemical change in larvae after the TBT (Temephos + Bacillus thuringiensis) combination treatment; it involves decreased level of alpha esterase, acetylcholine esterase and protein while level of beta esterase and acid phosphatase was unchanged and alkaline phosphatase activity was increased. Increased potential of combined formulation may be due to altered physiological condition.