The application of modified thermodynamic system correction method to secondary reheat steam turbine

In order to calculation the enthalpy of wet steam in the secondary reheat turbine thermal system the thermodynamic system of the secondary reheat steam turbine based on the isentropic ideal expansion process line was corrected, This method simplifies the correction calculation step and increases the accuracy of the correction result. Analysis of the rationality of the improved method shows that: Compared with the existing secondary reheat steam turbine thermal system correction method, the maximum error of the improved thermal system correction method is 0.14%. Therefore, this method can better meet the test accuracy requirements.

Halo traction combined with posterior-only approach correction for cervical kyphosis with Neurofibromatosis-1: minimum 2 years follow-up

Background Surgical management of cervical kyphosis in patients with NF-1 is a challenging task. Presently, anterior-only (AO), posterior-only (PO) and combined anterior-posterior (AP) spinal fusion are common surgical strategies. However, the choice of surgical strategy and application of Halo traction remain controversial. Few studies have shown and recommended posterior-only approach for cervical kyphosis correction in patients with NF-1. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of halo Traction combined with posterior-only approach correction for treatment of cervical kyphosis with NF-1. Methods Twenty-six patients with severe cervical kyphosis due to NF-1 were reviewed retrospectively between January 2010 and April 2018. All the cases underwent halo traction combined with posterior instrumentation and fusion surgery. Correction result, neurologic status and complications were analyzed. Results In this study, cervical kyphosis Cobb angle decreased from initial 61.3 ± 19.7 degrees to postoperative 10.6 ± 3.7 degrees (P<0.01), with total correction rate of 82.7%, which consist of 45.8% from halo traction and 36.9% from surgical correction. JOA scores were improved from preoperative 13.3 ± 1.6 to postoperative 16.2 ± 0.7 (P<0.01). Neurological status was also improved. There was no correction loss and the neurological status was stable in mean 43 months follow-up. Three patients experienced minor complications and one patient underwent a second surgery. Conclusion Halo traction combined with PO approach surgery is safe and effective method for cervical kyphosis correction in patients with NF-1. A satisfied correction result, and successful bone fusion can be achieved via this procedure, even improvement of neurological deficits can also be obtained. Our study suggested that halo traction combined with PO approach surgery is another consideration for cervical kyphosis correction in patients with NF-1.

Continuous Incremental Heavy Halo Traction Combined with Posterior-only Approach for Severe Cervical Kyphosis with Neurofibromatosis-1.

Background Surgical management of cervical kyphosis in patients with NF-1 is a challenging task. Presently, anterior-only (AO), posterior-only (PO) and combined anterior-posterior (AP) spinal fusion are common surgical strategies. However, the choice of surgical strategy and application of Halo traction remain controversial. Few studies have shown and recommended posterior-only approach for cervical kyphosis correction in patients with NF-1. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of Continuous-Incremental-Heavy Halo Traction (CIH-HT) combined with posterior-only approach for treatment of cervical kyphosis with NF-1. Methods 19 patients with severe cervical kyphosis due to NF-1 were reviewed retrospectively between January 2010 and April 2017. All the cases underwent CIH-HT combined with posterior instrumentation and fusion surgery. Correction result, neurologic status and complications were analyzed. Results In this study, cervical kyphosis Cobb angle decreased from initial 63.0 ± 21.0 degrees to postoperative 10.8 ± 4.0 degrees(P＜0.01),with total correction rate of 92%, which consist of 44% from CIH-HT and 48% from surgical correction. JOA scores were improved from preoperative 13.6±1.6 to postoperative 16.0±1.0(P＜0.01). Neurological status was also improved. There was no correction loss and the neurological status was stable in mean 3.7 years follow-up. The incidence of complications was 36.8% (7/19). Six patients underwent local complications and one patient underwent a second surgery. Conclusion CIH-HT combined PO approach is safe and effective method for cervical kyphosis correction in patients with NF-1. A satisfied correction result, and successful bone fusion can be achieved via this procedure, even improvement of neurological deficits can also be obtained. Our study suggested that CIH-HT combined PO approach is another consideration for cervical kyphosis correction in patients with NF-1. Key words : Neurofibromatosis-1; Cervical kyphosis; Continuous-Incremental-Heavy Halo Traction; posterior-only approach;

Infrared Stripe Correction Algorithm Based on Wavelet Analysis and Gradient Equalization

In the uncooled infrared imaging systems, owing to the non-uniformity of the amplifier in the readout circuit, the infrared image has obvious stripe noise, which greatly affects its quality. In this study, the generation mechanism of stripe noise is analyzed, and a new stripe correction algorithm based on wavelet analysis and gradient equalization is proposed, according to the single-direction distribution of the fixed image noise of infrared focal plane array. The raw infrared image is transformed by a wavelet transform, and the cumulative histogram of the vertical component is convolved by a Gaussian operator with a one-dimensional matrix, in order to achieve gradient equalization in the horizontal direction. In addition, the stripe noise is further separated from the edge texture by a guided filter. The algorithm is verified by simulating noised image and real infrared image, and the comparison experiment and qualitative and quantitative analysis with the current advanced algorithm show that the correction result of the algorithm in this paper is not only mild in visual effect, but also that the structural similarity (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) indexes can get the best result. It is shown that this algorithm can effectively remove stripe noise without losing details, and the correction performance of this method is better than the most advanced method.

Perbandingan Metode Koreksi Pencaran pada Data Hasil Alat Pemantau Kadar Glukosa Darah Non-Invasif

Scatter correction is one of the methods in data preprocessing that aim at eliminating the physical properties of the spectrum and reducing the variance between samples. The most commonly methods of scatter correction used are the Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) and Standard Normal Variate (SNV) methods. The MSC method corrects the spectrum by utilizing the results of simple linear regression parameter estimation. The SNV method performs spectral correction with the median and standard deviation. Another alternative method of scatter correction is the Orthogonal Scatter Correction (OSC) applying the principle of orthogonality. The methods used in this research were MSC, SNV, and OSC methods in order to correct the result data of non-invasive blood glucose measuring instrument. The result of this research showed that the time domain spectrum data and intensity had different amount so that the summarized data was needed. Furthermore, this research found that the OSC method with the five series of statistics gained a good correction result compared to the other methods. The OSC method produced a smaller average value of the variance than the other methods.

SNOW COVER MAPPING AND ICE AVALANCHE MONITORING FROM THE SATELLITE DATA OF THE SENTINELS

In order to monitor ice avalanches efficiently under disaster emergency conditions, a snow cover mapping method based on the satellite data of the Sentinels is proposed, in which the coherence and backscattering coefficient image of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data (Sentinel-1) is combined with the atmospheric correction result of multispectral data (Sentinel-2). The coherence image of the Sentinel-1 data could be segmented by a certain threshold to map snow cover, with the water bodies extracted from the backscattering coefficient image and removed from the coherence segment result. A snow confidence map from Sentinel-2 was used to map the snow cover, in which the confidence values of the snow cover were relatively high. The method can make full use of the acquired SAR image and multispectral image under emergency conditions, and the application potential of Sentinel data in the field of snow cover mapping is exploited. The monitoring frequency can be ensured because the areas obscured by thick clouds are remedied in the monitoring results. The Kappa coefficient of the monitoring results is 0.946, and the data processing time is less than 2&amp;thinsp;h, which meet the requirements of disaster emergency monitoring.

Resource Endowment and Export Diversification: Implications for Growth in Nigeria

This paper examined the relationship between resource endowment and export diversification and its implication for economic growth in Nigeria based on data from 1981 to 2015. The result of the Granger causality test suggests that unidirectional causality runs from oil production to economic growth, while export diversification does not granger cause economic growth. From the error correction result, it was established that export diversification positively impacts growth from the last two periods, while in the current period, it has negative effect on growth. This means that the key issue with Nigerian economy might not be structural but institutional. That is, even if the economy is diversified, the expected result may still be a ruse without appropriate economic institutional reform. The study concludes that specialisation is preferred to diversification for Nigeria in the current circumstance. Hence, the key issue to sustain growth in Nigeria is not in the number of productive sectors but in their efficiency.

An Improved FFT Discrete Spectrum Correction and Weighted Alogrithm

For the problem of spectrum correction in phase difference method, a weighed correction method starting from phase difference of secondary largest value is presented in this paper. By the analysis on correction error of maximum and the second largest value in phase difference method, It determines the maximum correction error and the second largest value and conducts error correction method of weighted joint calibration. In addition, it makes analysis on variance for correction result. Finally, the experimental result shows that the method can greatly improve spectral resolution than conventional phase difference method.

Study on Safety Correcting Landlide Method at Tailing Pond

The occurrence and the development mechanism of one small slide at a tailing pond slope at the Taihang mountain is analysed with the comprehensive exploration methods such as engineering geophysical prospecting and geological prospecting etc. It is brought forward that the small slide is a shallow layer crushed stone slide with the type of drawing – enlarging outside. The vertical prestressed anchor retaining earth wall is applied for correcting the slide with the economical and feasible correction principle. This method depends on the vertical prestressed force, pressed on the earth wall body which is made by the anchor in the foundation, to balance the sliding force of the slide mass. This method reaches the purpose of decreasing the masonry and the engineering price. The design thinking of the vertical prestressed anchor retaining earth wall is analyzed in details the construction technology and technique essentials is introduced in this paper. The efficiency of the method is indicated by its well correction result. This technique can offer reference for the similar geological disaster correction.

Application of Cluster Analysis and Trend Extraction in Wind Speed Series Consistency Correction

In recent years, as affected by climate change and human activities, wind speed shows an obvious downward trend. According to the following three correction methods : correction of the cluster analysis and mean equality, correction of the trend extraction, and the combination of the aforementioned two methods, the wind speed series which meets the consistency requirement of frequency calculation is obtained in this paper. Practical application shows that the correction methods have good adaptability, correction result and great practical value.