SOCIAL COMPETENCE FORMATION AS A FACTOR OF FULL PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE PENAL OFFICERS

The article examines the process and features of social competence development of departmental universities` cadets as future penal officers. The concept of “competence-based model of personnel training” is characterized. In modern social and cultural conditions, the effectiveness of the upbringing process is associated with the creation of a developing educational environment in society as a system of conditions and opportunities for personal self-development. The organization of upbringing as a pedagogical process in a university is considered as effective not only within the framework of traditional pedagogy, based on the principles of which the process of upbringing departmental universities` cadets is a unidirectional transfer of previous samples of cultural and historical experience and the reproduction of its already "ready" values, cultural forms, norms and rules of social interaction and communication. The main educational goals of higher education in modern social and economic conditions are analyzed, which consist in the formation of social and professional competence in graduates, in the upbringing of the cadet` personality of a departmental university with the qualities of civic responsibility and patriotism, actively participating in the economic and social, cultural life of the country.

Association of Arch Stiffness with Plantar Impulse Distribution during Walking, Running, and Gait Termination

The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between arch stiffness and relative regional impulse during walking, running, and stopping. A total of 61 asymptomatic male subjects volunteered to participate in the study. All were classified by calculating the arch stiffness index using 3-dimensional foot morphological scanning. Plantar pressure distribution data were collected from participants using a Footscan pressure platform during gait tests that included walking, running, and gait termination. The stiff arches group (n = 19) and flexible arches group (n = 17) were included in the following data analysis. The results suggested that subjects with stiffer arches had a larger and smaller percentage of plantar impulse in the forefoot and rearfoot, respectively, than subjects with more flexible arches during walking and running. However, during gait termination, which included planned and unplanned gait stopping, the plantar impulse distribution pattern was found to be reversed. The current findings demonstrate that the distributional changes of plantar loading follow unidirectional transfer between the forefoot and the rearfoot on the plantar longitudinal axis. Moreover, the patterns of impulse distribution are also different based on different gait task mechanisms.

Reflections on the Grammatical Category of before, after and since Introducing Non-finite -ing Clauses: A Corpus Approach

<p>English language learners may be confused in identifying the grammatical category of such conjunctive expressions as <em>before, after </em>and<em> since</em> introducing non-finite <em>-ing</em> clauses. In this article, we will conduct a corpus-based investigation of hypotactic conjunctions and conjunctive prepositions following the principle of unidirectional transfer in grammatical metaphor proposed by He and Yang (2014) within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The research concludes that hypotactic conjunctions tend to transfer to zero conjunctions and <em>before, after </em>and<em> since</em> introducing non-finite <em>-ing</em> clauses should be included into the grammatical category of conjunctive prepositions.</p>

Semantic characterization of terms as a trace of terminological dependency

Over the past decades, English has become the predominant language for the transfer of specialized knowledge, which conditions the creation of new lexical units in other codes. This conditioning can result in terminological dependency, a linguistic phenomenon arising from a unidirectional transfer of specialized denominations between two languages. Terminological neology in potentially dependent codes such as Spanish reflects the way the importation of units from English involves a set of linguistic asymmetries that affects the conceptual configuration of specialized domains by the importing community of scientists. In this article, we propose a three-step analysis in order to detect and measure the terminological dependency of Spanish on English in the domain of Alzheimer’s Disease, based on the semantic characterization of a set of specialized neologisms related to this domain. After analysing the semantic features of these units in English, we found a significant, though not exact, correlation between the uniformity of certain semantic aspects and the degree of terminological dependency observed in their equivalents in Spanish.

The Coevolution of Phycobilisomes: Molecular Structure Adapting to Functional Evolution

Phycobilisome is the major light-harvesting complex in cyanobacteria and red alga. It consists of phycobiliproteins and their associated linker peptides which play key role in absorption and unidirectional transfer of light energy and the stability of the whole complex system, respectively. Former researches on the evolution among PBPs and linker peptides had mainly focused on the phylogenetic analysis and selective evolution. Coevolution is the change that the conformation of one residue is interrupted by mutation and a compensatory change selected for in its interacting partner. Here, coevolutionary analysis of allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin and covariation analysis of linker peptides were performed. Coevolution analyses reveal that these sites are significantly correlated, showing strong evidence of the functional and structural importance of interactions among these residues. According to interprotein coevolution analysis, less interaction was found between PBPs and linker peptides. Our results also revealed the correlations between the coevolution and adaptive selection in PBS were not directly related, but probably demonstrated by the sites coupled under physical-chemical interactions.

Nest-mate recognition template of guard honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) is modified by wax comb transfer

In recognition, discriminators use sensory information to make decisions. For example, honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) entrance guards discriminate between nest-mates and intruders by comparing their odours with a template of the colony odour. Comb wax plays a major role in honeybee recognition. We measured the rejection rates of nest-mate and non-nest-mate worker bees by entrance guards before and after a unidirectional transfer of wax comb from a ‘comb donor’ hive to a ‘comb receiver’ hive. Our results showed a significant effect that occurred in one direction. Guards in the comb receiver hive became more accepting of non-nest-mates from the comb donor hive (rejection decreased from 70 to 47%); however, guards in the comb donor hive did not become more accepting of bees from the comb receiver hive. These data strongly support the hypothesis that the transfer of wax comb increases the acceptance of non-nest-mates not by changing the odour of the bees, but by changing the template used by guards.

Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective–noun strings by preschool bilingual children

One hypothesis holds that bilingual children's cross-linguistic transfer occurs in spontaneous production when there is structural overlap between the two languages and ambiguity in at least one language (Döpke, 1998; Hulk and Müller, 2000). This study tested whether overlap/ambiguity of adjective–noun strings in English and French predicted transfer. In English, there is only one order (adjective–noun) while in French both adjective–noun and noun–adjective order are allowed, with the latter as the default. Unidirectional transfer from English to French was predicted. 35 French–English preschool bilingual children (and 35 age-matched English monolinguals and 10 French monolinguals) were asked to name pictures by using an adjective–noun string. In addition to the reversing adjective–noun strings in French as predicted by the overlap/ambiguity hypothesis, the bilingual children reversed more adjective–noun strings in English than monolinguals. It is proposed that cross-linguistic transfer might better be understood as an epiphenomenon of speech production.

Insertion Mutations in pilEDifferentially Alter Gonococcal Pilin Antigenic Variation

ABSTRACT Pilus antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeoccurs by the high-frequency, unidirectional transfer of DNA sequences from one of several silent pilin loci (pilS) into the expressed pilin gene (pilE), resulting in a change in the primary pilin protein sequence. Previously, we investigated the effects of large or small heterologous insertions in conserved and variable portions of a pilS copy on antigenic variation. We observed differential effects on pilin recombination by the various insertions, and the severity of the defect correlated with the disruption or displacement of a conserved pilin DNA sequence called cys2. In this study, we show that disruption or displacement of thepilE cys2 sequence by the same insertions or a deletion also affects pilin recombination. However, in contrast to the insertions in pilS, the analogous insertions inpilE impaired, but did not block, recombination of the flanking pilin sequences. These results, the change in the spectrum of donor silent copies used during variation, and our previous results with pilS mutations show that the donor pilSand recipient pilE play different roles in antigenic variation. We conclude that when high-frequency recombination mechanisms are blocked, alternative mechanisms are operative.