Integration of Energetic Model for Ferromagnetic Hysteresis in Finite Volume Method for Electromagnetic Field Calculation

In this article, a coupled algorithm between the control volume method and the hysteresis dynamic energetic model for ferromagnetic hysteresis is presented. To illustrate the dynamic behavior of ferromagnetic materials, the quasi-static model is extended by adding two components to the applied magnetic field “Hedd”, and “Hexc”. The added fields are related to the excess losses and classical eddy losses. Thus, two new supplementary coefficients are added to the model parameters. The determination of those coefficients is attained by measuring the energy density for two distinct frequencies. This model introducing the magnetic induction as an independent variable is presented in order to be directly used in time-stepping finite volume calculations applied to the magnetic vector potential formulation. The calculated results are validated by experiences performed in an Epstein’s frame. To check the effectiveness of this model combined with the control volume method in the time domain, the obtained results are compared with experiments.

What is winter? Modelling spatial variation in bat host traits and hibernation and their implications for overwintering energetics

White-nose syndrome (WNS) has decimated hibernating bat populations across eastern and central North America for over a decade. Disease severity is driven by the interaction between bat characteristics, the cold-loving fungal agent, and the hibernation environment. While we further improve hibernation energetics models, we have yet to examine how spatial heterogeneity in host traits is linked to survival in this disease system. Here we develop predictive spatial models of body mass for the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and reassess previous definitions of the duration of hibernation of this species. Using data from published literature, public databases, local experts, and our own fieldwork, we fit a series of generalized linear models with hypothesized abiotic drivers to create distribution-wide predictions of pre-hibernation body fat and hibernation duration. Our results provide improved estimations of hibernation duration and identify a scaling relationship between body mass and body fat; this relationship allows for the first continuous estimates of pre-hibernation body mass and fat across the species’ distribution. We used these results to inform a hibernation energetic model to create spatially-varying fat use estimates for M. lucifugus. These results predict that WNS mortality of newly and soon-to-be infected M. lucifugus populations in western North America may be comparable to the substantial die-off observed in eastern and central populations.

ENERGY-ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF AGROECOSYSTEM OF WEST KAZAKHSTAN

The negative balance of the reproduction of soil energy indicates a deep ecological and energy crisis in agriculture. Analyzed: indicators of the use of biological factors, such as solar energy and the energy of soil fertility, affect the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural production; the efficiency of using solar energy and the coefficient of its efficiency. The required level of productivity has been determined to maintain the annual deficit-free soil balance in the western region of Kazakhstan. The necessity of state regulation to determine the critical threshold of the yield level to compensate for the deficiency of soil energy at the expense of other sources of organic matter has been substantiated. For the modernization and ecological optimization of agriculture, a bio-energetic model of individual crop rotations was built, which also includes indicators of crop yield, the degree of mineralization of soil organic matter and some other standard indicators.

Energetic Model Of Neuropsychic Disorders Formation Of Schizoid Register

The article proposes an energy model of the formation of the schizoid structure of the nervous psyche, clinical scales of schizoidy and regression, types of neuropsychiatric defect and determining the schizoid register of neuropsychiatric disorders. Energy modules of functioning of nervous mentality are distinguished.

Simulations of Phage T7 Capsid Expansion Reveal the Role of Molecular Sterics on Dynamics

Molecular dynamics techniques provide numerous strategies for investigating biomolecular energetics, though quantitative analysis is often only accessible for relatively small (frequently monomeric) systems. To address this limit, we use simulations in combination with a simplified energetic model to study complex rearrangements in a large assembly. We use cryo-EM reconstructions to simulate the DNA packaging-associated 3 nm expansion of the protein shell of an initially assembled phage T7 capsid (called procapsid or capsid I). This is accompanied by a disorder–order transition and expansion-associated externalization displacement of the 420 N-terminal tails of the shell proteins. For the simulations, we use an all-atom structure-based model (1.07 million atoms), which is specifically designed to probe the influence of molecular sterics on dynamics. We find that the rate at which the N-terminal tails undergo translocation depends heavily on their position within hexons and pentons. Specifically, trans-shell displacements of the hexon E subunits are the most frequent and hexon A subunits are the least frequent. The simulations also implicate numerous tail translocation intermediates during tail translocation that involve topological traps, as well as sterically induced barriers. The presented study establishes a foundation for understanding the precise relationship between molecular structure and phage maturation.

A Linguistic Theory of Chromatic Harmonic Substitution and Progression in the Diatonic Unconscious

The chapter constructs an energetic model of harmonic progression in which tense chords are signifiers of tonal functions (Riemann’s T, S, and D functions). The paradigm adopts the linguistic axes that Lacan mapped as metaphor and metonymy, which were crucial to the formation of a human subject at whose center lies désir. The theoretical claims build on the recent work of David Lewin (2007), Richard Cohn (2012a), Steven Rings (2011a), Dmitri Tymoczko (2011a), Brian Hyer (2011), and others but also reevaluate the earlier work of Ernest Kurth (1920), Hugo Riemann (1893), and Ernö Lendvai (1993). The chapter seeks to account for voice leading, modulation, and tonal diversity in a broad range of works

Depression as an Escape from Burden of Life

This study aims to explore the inner world of people suffering from depressive disorder. Four people hospitalized in Prague Psychiatric Centre were interviewed. Method of Grounded Theory and discursive analysis revealed a specific way of depressive thinking and experiencing the self and the outer world. Depressive individuals manifest deficit in introspection. They do not perceive themselves as the authors of their lives and they show a tendency to look for external, estranged meanings of life. Combination of these attributes was found to be possible psychological cause leading towards the outburst of depressive disorder. Significant similarities were found between research results and C.G. Jung´s understanding of depressed people, which he describes through energetic model of libido.

Energy Cost of Running Under Hypogravity in Well-Trained Runners and Triathletes: A Biomechanical Perspective

Hypogravity treadmills have become a popular training tool in distance running and triathlon. Counter-intuitively, tibial acceleration load is not attenuated by hypogravity unloading during running, while, equally surprisingly, leaps become flatter instead of higher. To explain these effects from a biomechanical perspective, Polet, Schroeder, and Bertram (2017) recently developed an energetic model for hypogravity running and validated it with recreational athletes at a constant jogging speed. The present study was conducted to refine that model for competitive athletes at relevant running speeds of 12–22 km h−1 and gravity levels of 100 %, 80 % and 60 %. Based on new experimental data on 15 well-trained runners in treadmill tests until volitional exhaustion, the enhanced semi-empirical model well describes energy expenditure and the observed biomechanical effects of hypogravity running. Remarkably, anaerobic contributions led to an increase in energy cost per meter for speeds above 16–18 km h−1 (p < 0.001), irrespective of hypogravity unloading. Moreover, some converging trends were observed that might reflect general adaptations in running motor control for optimization of efficiency. In essence, the outcome of this research might help sports scientists and practitioners to design running programs for specific training stimuli, e.g. conditioning of anaerobic energy metabolism.

Kinetic Energy Recovery System for Urban Mobility

The aim of this work is to discuss the possibility to store energy on board electric vehicles by means of flywheels as alternative to common batteries. A detailed optimization of the power storage system for the mini-car Icar0 ZD-1 with a target autonomy of 50 km in urban context is carried out. A preliminary designed is then made considering the power consumption in urban context accounting for the full power-train energetic model. Material, geometry and motor have been selected to fit all the vehicle space requirements considering also that flywheels operate in vacuum environment. In particular, attention is focused on some critical aspects like the effect of vibrations transmitted to the flywheel. For this reason, induced gyroscopic effects are considered both in straight and during turns. Finally, a possible bearing configuration is presented.