In vitro Neutralisation Potential of Metal-Herbal (Copper-Leucas zeylanica) Nanocomposite (MHNC) against Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus Venoms

Snake-bite gives rise to significant socio-economic, and limitations of antivenom have raised the necessity for the development of novel neutralising compounds. The present study concentrates on evaluating the neutralisation potential of Copper nanoparticles, Leucas zeylanica leaf extracts and Metal-Herbal Nanocomposite (MHNC) against Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venoms. The antigenic potency of snake venoms was determined by gel precipitation test. Leucas zeylanica leaves were used for extraction, and extracts were further purified by column chromatography. Size of Leucas zeylanica extract was found to be 86.7±7.1nm and 249.4±27.3nm for MHNC. Zeta potential values determined the Stability of the MHNC. MHNC showed higher neutralisation to venoms than the Leucas zeylanica extracts. In direct hemolysis, the efficiency of Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venoms treated with Leucas zeylanica leaf extract was found to be 30% and 27.2%, whereas MHNC showed 16.1% against Naja naja venom and 17.1% Bungarus caeruleus venom. From Indirect analysis, Naja naja and Bungarus caeruleus venom were able to produce 28mm and 26mm diameter hemolytic halo zones. On treatment with MHNC, the zones were reduced to 15mm and 11mm than Leucas zeylanica extract. This result indicates the MHNC can be used for the treatment of snake bites.

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The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

Bacterial Empire ◽

10.36547/be.2019.2.1.19-25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Murni Halim

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Natural Drugs ◽

Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extract on Pathogenic Agents Dragon Fruit Plant

Jurnal Biota ◽

10.19109/10.19109/biota.v6i2.6236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Trio Ageng Prayitno ◽

Nuril Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Fruit Plants ◽

Pathogenic Agents

The use of antimicrobials from plant extracts has not been used optimally to control pathogenic agents in dragon fruit plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the antimicrobial activity of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaf extracts on pathogenic agents of dragon fruit plants in vitro. The research method is laboratory research with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The antimicrobial concentrations of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract used six types including 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with four replications. The research sample was the leaf of zodia (E. suaveolens), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum strain Malang. Test the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extracts on the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum using the disc-diffusion method and wells method. The research instrument was used the observation sheet of the diameter of inhibition zone indicated by the clear zone. The diameter of inhibition zone data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum (P <0.05). These results recommend zodia (E. suaveolens) leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for dragon fruit plant pathogens.

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Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antidiabetic efficiency of isopropanolic leaf extract of pimenta racemosa

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj.2020.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

Anitha T A ◽

Pakutharivu T ◽

Nirubama K ◽

Akshaya V

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Pimenta Racemosa

The traditional herbal medicines are mainly obtained from plants are used in the management of Diabetes mellitus. The main objective of this work was to assess the presence of phytochemical compounds and to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of isopropanolic extracts of Pimenta racemosa leaves by studying their α-amylase inhibitory activity and glucose transport across yeast cells. Screening of phytochemicals showed positive results for alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, and results of in vitro α-amylase inhibitory studies demonstrated there was a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibitory activity by the isopropanolic leaf extracts of Pimenta racemosa. At a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the extract showed a percentage inhibition 33.6 and for 5 mg/ml it was 91.2. The glucose uptake study was also studied through yeast cells by analyzing theamount of glucose remaining in the medium after a specific time intervals. It serves as an indicator for the capability of isopropanolic leaf extracts of Pimenta racemosa to transport the glucose into yeast cells. As a result, we found that the isopropanolic leaf extract of Pimenta racemosa have inhibitory activity against αamylase and also, which is efficient in glucose uptake. This therapeutic potentiality of Pimenta racemosa could be exploited in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Further studies are also required to elucidate whether the plant have antidiabetic potential by in vivo for corroborating the traditional claim of the plant.

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In vitro anti-venom potential of various solvent based leaf extracts of Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottler ex Vahl) Wight against Naja naja and Daboia russelli

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2020.113687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 269 ◽

pp. 113687

Author(s):

V.S. Hansiya ◽

N. Geetha

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extracts ◽

Naja Naja

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The Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Invasive Effect of Leaf Extracts of Blueberry Plants Treated with Methyl Jasmonate on Human Gastric Cancer In Vitro Is Related to Their Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9010045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alejandra Ribera-Fonseca ◽

Danae Jiménez ◽

Pamela Leal ◽

Ismael Riquelme ◽

Juan Carlos Roa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Human Gastric Cancer ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

And Migration ◽

Related Proteins

Gastric cancer is the third main cause of cancerous tumors in humans in Chile. It is well-accepted that a diet rich in antioxidant plants could help in fighting cancer. Blueberry is a fruit crop with a high content of antioxidants. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a phytohormone involved in plant defenses under stress conditions. The exogenous application of MeJA can improve the antioxidant properties in plants. We studied in vitro and in vivo anticancer action on human gastric cancer (cell line AGS) and the antioxidant properties of extracts from blueberry plants untreated and treated with MeJA. The results demonstrated that leaf extracts displayed a higher inhibition of cancer cell viability as well as greater antioxidant properties compared to fruit extracts. Besides, MeJA applications to plants improved the antioxidant properties of leaf extracts (mainly anthocyanins), increasing their inhibition levels on cell viability and migration. It is noteworthy that leaf extract from MeJA-treated plants significantly decreased cancer cell migration and expression of gastric cancer-related proteins, mainly related to the mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Interestingly, in all cases the anticancer and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts were strongly related. Despite highlighted outcomes, in vivo results did not indicate significant differences in Helicobacter pylori colonization nor inflammation levels in Mongolian gerbils unfed and fed with blueberry leaf extract. Our findings demonstrated that MeJA increased antioxidant compounds, mainly anthocyanins, and decreased the viability and migration capacity of AGS cells. In addition, leaf extracts from MeJA-treated plants were also able to decrease the expression of gastric cancer-related proteins. Our outcomes also revealed that the anthocyanin-rich fraction of blueberry leaf extracts showed higher in vitro antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects than the crude leaf extracts. However, it is still uncertain whether the leaf extracts rich in anthocyanins of blueberry plants are capable of exerting a chemopreventive or chemoprotective effect against gastric cancer on an in vivo model.

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Study on antifungal potency of Terminalia cattapa, Piper betle, Psidium guajava, and Andrographis peniculata on the growth of Aphanomyces in vitro

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.4.115-123 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Sri Nuryati ◽

. Rahman ◽

. Taukhid

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Aquatic Fungi ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Natural Material ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Prevention Activity

An effort to prevent aquatic fungi Aphanomyces sp. infection on fish using natural material can be an economically way, easy to find the materials, easy to apply and safe for environment. The antifungal potency and efficacy of scalded-leaf extract of Terminalia cattapa, Piper betle, Psidium guajava and Andrographis peniculata on prevention of Aphanomyces sp. growth in vitro in GYA medium. Scalding was performed in the water at 50°C. Concentration of leaf extracts tested was 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/L. The results of study showed that Terminalia cattapa in a dosage of 40 g/L had the best prevention activity, followed by Piper betle in the same dosage. Psidium guajava and Andrographis peniculata had no prevention activity on growth of Aphanomyces sp. Keywords: antifungal, Terminalia cattapa, Piper betle, Psidium guajava, Andrographis peniculata growth, Aohanomyces sp. ABSTRAK Upaya penanggulangan infeksi cendawan akuatik Aphanomyces sp. pada ikan menggunakan bahan alami dapat menjadi cara yang ekonomis ekonomis, bahan mudah didapat, mudah diterapkan dan aman bagi lingkungan. Potensi antifungi dan efektivitas ekstrak seduh daun ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), sirih (Piper betle), jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan sambiloto (Andrographis peniculata) terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Aphanomyces sp. dilakukan secara in vitro dalam media biakan GYA. Penyeduhan dilakukan menggunakan pelarut air dengan suhu 50°C. Konsentrasi yang diuji adalah 0, 10, 20, 40 dan 80 gr/L untuk masing-masing bahan. Aktivitas penghambatan paling baik terhadap cendawan diperoleh dari ekstrak seduh daun ketapang 40 g/L dan diikuti oleh ekstrak seduh daun sirih dengan konsentrasi yang sama. Jambu biji dan sambiloto tidak menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan Aphanomyces sp. Kata kunci: antifungi, ketapang, sirih, jambu biji, sambiloto dan Aphanomyces sp.

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Development and Optimization of Proniosomal Gel Containing Etodolac: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-vivo Evaluation

Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet) ◽

10.30827/ars.v62i3.17944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 290-304

Author(s):

Moreshwar Patil ◽

Prashant Pandit ◽

Pavan Udavant ◽

Sandeep Sonawane ◽

Deepak Bhambere

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Vesicle Size ◽

Skin Delivery ◽

The Stability

Introduction: Etodolac is used in the treatment of acute pain and inflammation. It has low solubility because of high hydrophobicity and it is reported that upon oral administration shows gastric disturbances. This encourages the development of topical vesicular formulation. Method: In this work we used coacervation-phase separation method for the development of etodolac loaded vesicular system by using non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol and soya lecithin. Central composite design (rotatble) was used to optimize the concentrations of soy lecithin, surfactant and cholesterol. The prepared formulations were characterized by number of vesicles formed, vesicle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro permeation, ex-vivo permeation and anti-inflammatory study. Results: Etodolac was successfully entrapped in all formulations having efficiency in the range of 74.36% to 90.85%, which was more at 4 °C than room temperature. When hydrated with water; niosome in the range of 54 to 141 (per cubic mm) were spontaneously produced. The results of in-vitro diffusion study revealed that etodolac was released in the range of 71.86 to 97.16% over a period of 24 hrs. The average vesicle size of optimized formulation was found 211.9 nm with PDI of 0.5. The observed responses i.e. % encapsulation efficiency and drug release were 74.12 and 95.08 respectively. The zeta potential was -19.4mV revealed the stability of formulation which was further confirmed by no changes in drug content and drug release after stability studies. The % inhibition in paw volume was 40.52% and 43.61% for test and marketed proniosomal gel. Conclusion: Proniosomal gel formulation was stable and could enhance skin delivery of etodolac because of excellent permeation capability of vesicular system.

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In vitro pharmacological attributes and metabolite’s fingerprinting of Conocarpus lancifolius

Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas ◽

10.37360/blacpma.21.20.6.47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 660-671

Author(s):

Syed Ali Raza ◽

◽

Maqsood Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽

Sadia Bashir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Acetylcholine Esterase ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Ethanolic Extraction ◽

Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Search for safe antioxidants and novel nutraceuticals urged to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholine esterase and anti-lipoxygenase activity of various leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius. Extraction was optimized from freeze dried plant extracts quenched with liquid nitrogen using water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Maximum extract yield, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were obtained in case of ethanolic extraction. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging in terms of IC50 value of 55.26 µg/mL was observed for ethanolic leaf extract. The acetylcholine esterase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities (IC50) were also observed for ethanolic extract. These findings for ethanolic extract were statistically significant when compared with other extracts (ρ<0.05). The haemolytic % values indicated that all extracts were associated with very low or negligible toxicity. The epicatechin, isorhamnetin, rutin, scopoleptin, skimmianine, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, cornoside, creatinine, choline, pyruvic acid, α-hydroxybutyric acid, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin were identified as major functional metabolites in ethanolic leaf extract of C. lancifolius by 1H-NMR. The identified metabolites were probably responsible for the pharmacological properties of C. lancifolius. The findings may be utilized as pharmacological leads for drug development and food fortification.

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Antivenom Effects of 1,2,3-Triazoles againstBothrops jararacaandLachesis mutaSnakes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/294289 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thaisa F. S. Domingos ◽

Laura de A. Moura ◽

Carla Carvalho ◽

Vinícius R. Campos ◽

Alessandro K. Jordão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Snake Venoms ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Biological Assays ◽

Snake Bites ◽

Lachesis Muta

Snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins of both enzymes and nonenzymes, which are responsible for producing several biological effects. Human envenomation by snake bites particularly those of the viperid family induces a complex pathophysiological picture characterized by spectacular changes in hemostasis and frequently hemorrhage is also seen. The present work reports the ability of six of a series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives to inhibit some pharmacological effects caused by the venoms ofBothrops jararacaandLachesis muta.In vitroassays showed that these compounds were impaired in a concentration-dependent manner, the fibrinogen or plasma clotting, hemolysis, and proteolysis produced by both venoms. Moreover, these compounds inhibited biological effectsin vivoas well. Mice treated with these compounds were fully protected from hemorrhagic lesions caused by such venoms. But, only theB. jararacaedema-inducing activity was neutralized by the triazoles. So the inhibitory effect of triazoles derivatives against somein vitroandin vivobiological assays of snake venoms points to promising aspects that may indicate them as molecular models to improve the production of effective antivenom or to complement antivenom neutralization, especially the local pathological effects, which are partially neutralized by antivenoms.

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In Vitro and In Silico Screening and Characterization of Antimicrobial Napin Bioactive Protein in Brassica juncea and Moringa oleifera

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26072080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2080

Author(s):

Sangeeta Chandrashekar ◽

Raman Vijayakumar ◽

Ramachandran Chelliah ◽

Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽

Inamul Hasan Madar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Inhibition Concentration ◽

Potent Inhibition

The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extracts and coagulant protein for their potential application in water treatment. Bacterial cell aggregation and growth kinetics studies were employed for thirteen bacterial strains with different concentrations of leaf extracts and coagulant protein. Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOS) and coagulant protein showed cell aggregation against ten bacterial strains, whereas leaf extract alone showed growth inhibition of five bacterial strains for up to 6 h and five bacterial strains for up to 3 h. Brassica juncea leaf extract (BJS) showed growth inhibition for up to 6 h, and three bacterial strains showed inhibition for up to 3 h. The highest inhibition concentration with 2.5 mg/mL was 19 mm, and furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.5 mg/mL) and MBC (1.5 mg/mL) were determined to have a higher antibacterial effect for <3 KDa peptides. Based on LCMS analysis, napin was identified in both MOS and BJS; furthermore, the mode of action of napin peptide was determined on lipoprotein X complex (LpxC) and four-chained structured binding protein of bacterial type II topoisomerase (4PLB). The docking analysis has exhibited moderate to potent inhibition with a range of dock score −912.9 Kcal/mol. Thus, it possesses antibacterial-coagulant potential bioactive peptides present in the Moringa oleifera purified protein (MOP) and Brassica juncea purified protein (BJP) that could act as an effective antimicrobial agent to replace currently available antibiotics. The result implies that MOP and Brassica juncea purified coagulant (BJP) proteins may perform a wide degree of antibacterial functions against different pathogens.

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