On the question of carcinogenesis in superinvasive opisthorchiasis

Retrospective analysis of foreign literature present in PubMed was carried out with the purpose to define possible influence of superinvasive opisthorchiasis on possible development of cholangiocellular carcinoma. After the research we conclude that O. Felineus doesn’t have an entry point during the initiation stage of carcinogenesis but rather acts as a promotor of cholangiocarcinoma (СС), and therefore cannot be considered a primary cause of the disease without additional influence of another carcinogens and specific factors that increase the probability of cholangiocarcinoma development (chronic inflammation, free radicals). Keywords: superinvasive opisthorchiasis, parasitism, immune system, carcinogenesis.

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Haptoglobin and Its Related Protein, Zonulin—What Is Their Role in Spondyloarthropathy?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10051131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1131

Author(s):

Magdalena Chmielińska ◽

Marzena Olesińska ◽

Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽

Dariusz Szukiewicz

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Immune System ◽

Potential Role ◽

Acute Phase Protein ◽

Related Protein ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Phase Protein ◽

Its Polymorphism

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein which supports the immune response and protects tissues from free radicals. Its concentration correlates with disease activity in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The Hp polymorphism determines the functional differences between Hp1 and Hp2 protein products. The role of the Hp polymorphism has been demonstrated in many diseases. In particular, the Hp 2-2 phenotype has been associated with the unfavorable course of some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Its potential role in modulating the immune system in SpA is still unknown. This article contains pathophysiological considerations on the potential relationship between Hp, its polymorphism and SpA.

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Mechanisms of virus immune evasion lead to development from chronic inflammation to cancer formation associated with human papillomavirus infection

Oncology Reviews ◽

10.4081/oncol.2012.e17 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Masachika Senba ◽

Naoki Mori

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Immune System ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Mhc Class I ◽

Immune Evasion ◽

Latency Period ◽

Class I ◽

Presentation Pathway

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has developed strategies to escape eradication by innate and adaptive immunity. Immune response evasion has been considered an important aspect of HPV persistence, which is the main contributing factor leading to HPV-related cancers. HPV-induced cancers expressing viral oncogenes E6 and E7 are potentially recognized by the immune system. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are patrolled by natural killer cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes, respectively. This system of recognition is a main target for the strategies of immune evasion deployed by viruses. The viral immune evasion proteins constitute useful tools to block defined stages of the MHC class I presentation pathway, and in this way HPV avoids the host immune response. The long latency period from initial infection to persistence signifies that HPV evolves mechanisms to escape the immune response. It has now been established that there are oncogenic mechanisms by which E7 binds to and degrades tumor suppressor Rb, while E6 binds to and inactivates tumor suppressor p53. Therefore, interaction of p53 and pRb proteins can give rise to an increased immortalization and genomic instability. Overexpression of NF-kB in cervical and penile cancers suggests that NF-kB activation is a key modulator in driving chronic inflammation to cancer. HPV oncogene-mediated suppression of NF-kB activity contributes to HPV escape from the immune system. This review focuses on the diverse mechanisms of the virus immune evasion with HPV that leads to chronic inflammation and cancer.

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PENENTUAN KADAR VITAMIN C BEBERAPA JENIS CABAI (Capsicum sp.) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Jurnal Kimia Riset ◽

10.20473/jkr.v3i1.8874 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Lilis Rosmainar Tambunan ◽

Widia Ningsih ◽

Ni Putu Ayu ◽

Haula Nanda

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Immune System ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

The Body ◽

Red Pepper ◽

Pepper Sample

Vitamin C is one of the nutrients that act as antioxidants and effectively overcome free radicals that can damage cells or tissues, including protecting the lens from oxidative damage caused by radiation. Vitamin C is widely found in fruits, and vegetables, one of them in chili. Vitamin C in chili has a function as a good antioxidant for the body (able to increase the immune system absorbed by calcium in the body. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin C contained in some types of chili using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method and conduct a preliminary test. The highest levels of vitamin C obtained by using spectrophotometric method at 200 nm wavelength were on red curly pepper (50 g/100 g) and followed by chili jablay orange-red (38 g/100 g), green cayenne (29 g/100 g), red pepper large (22 g/100 g), and large green chili (9 g/100 g). While based on preliminary test it was found that all chilies contain saponins, as well as only large red pepper (sample 1) and red curly pepper (sample 4) containing flavonoids Keywords: capsicum, chilly, spectrophotometry

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Acute-phase responses and adipocytokines

Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0058_update_001 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 424-430

Author(s):

Elena Neumann ◽

Klaus Frommer ◽

Ulf Müller-Ladner

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Immune System ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cell Types ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Different Cell Types

Adipokines, also called adipocytokines, are highly bioactive substances mainly expressed by adipose tissue. In addition to adipocytes, different cell types resident in various tissues produce adipokines under pathophysiological conditions. Adipokines include a growing number of pluripotent molecules such as adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin. Since distinct effects of adipokines on inflammation have been described, their influence on the (innate) immune system has been investigated in rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. This review gives an overview on the current knowledge about the influence which adipokines have on the immune system and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases.

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Antioxidants the Powerful New Weapons in the Fight Against Periodontal Diseases

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1671959 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 085-090 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Baljeet Singh ◽

Shivani Bhickta ◽

Rajesh Gupta ◽

Sachin Goyal ◽

Ram Gupta

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Extracellular Release

AbstractThe human inflammatory periodontal diseases are amongst the most common of chronic diseases. The predominant inflammatory cell (96%) within the healthy connective tissue and epithelium of the gingiva is polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL). Periodontopathic bacteria in the gingivomucosal tissue may functionally activate PMNLs leading to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronic inflammation subjects the nearby cells to elevated levels of free radicals (ROS) due to extracellular release from phagocytic cells. Antioxidants block the process of oxidation by neutralizing free radicals. In doing so, the antioxidant themselves become oxidized. Because of this, there is a constant need to replenish our antioxidant resources.

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Interactions between cells of a syngeneic immune system involving products of the major histocompatibility complex

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1978.0062 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 202 (1146) ◽

pp. 177-189

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Immune System ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Interacting Proteins ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Specific Factors ◽

And Control

Many different products of the major histocompatibility complex play important roles in the induction and control of the immune response. Some are involved in the presentation of antigen to different subsets of lymphocytes. Others participate in systems of interacting proteins consisting of antigen specific factors and their acceptors which regulate the immune response. The nature and possible mechanism of action of certain of these products are reviewed.

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Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Cancer With Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters: A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors

Journal of Oncology Practice ◽

10.1200/jop.2012.000595 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e8-e12 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Daniel H. Ahn ◽

Henrik Bo Illum ◽

David H. Wang ◽

Anant Sharma ◽

Jonathan E. Dowell

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Central Venous Catheters ◽

Central Venous ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Specific Factors

Specific factors significantly increase the risk of upper extremity venous thrombosis in patients with cancer with PICCs, whereas use of anti-platelet agents seems to have a protective effect against it.

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Investigation of anti-arthritic potential of ethanol extract of Hibiscus platinifolius

International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences ◽

10.26452/irjpas.v9i1.1168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Jogu Chandrudu

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Intervertebral Disks ◽

Caudal Vertebrae ◽

Medicinal Use ◽

Serum Biochemical

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which causes chronic inflammation in the joints n even affects the healthy tissues in the body because their immune system attacks their body's tissues. This process creates an inflammatory response of the synovium, which is synovitis secondary to hyperplasia of the synovial cells. In their research, Locally available plants are verified on their therapeutic use. Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which causes chronic inflammation in the joints n even affects the healthy tissues in the body because their immune system attacks their body’s tissue. In Literature survey, it is revealed that the plant Hibiscus platinifolius (Malvaceae) is used as an ethnic folklore medicine for arthritis than other medicinal use. Primary inflammatory response consists of swelling of oedematous with multiple joints mainly in hind paws then within hours; it develops at the inoculation site. Later it involves the development of inflamed peri articular swelling in the limbs and of erythematous nodules and segmental radial swellings and ridgings which encircling the tail adjacent to the intervertebral disks of the caudal vertebrae. According to the reports, it has shown that the formation of bone was broadly reduced while bone resorption was increased in arthritic disease. In blood and liver, the FA activity increases then N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and it shows the effect not only on the serum biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT and ALP but also on haematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, Hb% and ESR.

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