Kajian Predasi Catfish terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Demam Berdarah Dengue

Aedes aegypti acts as a primary vector of the dengue virus which causes Indonesia to become a dengue-endemic country. Chemical and physical vector control methods to prevent the spread of DHF are considered less effective so that additional biological vector control is needed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential ability of catfish predation as Ae. aegypti vector controller. This paper was prepared by reviewing eight Indonesian research journals, eight international research journals, reports and regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the University of Florida Entomology and Nematology, and one textbook. The results showed that the predation ability of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias garipenus) was 80.3% greater on average than Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Oreochromis niloticus as well as the predation ability of Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) with an average of 79.6%. larger than Anabas testudineus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Poecilia reticulata. Further experimental research to deepen scientific information on the predation ability of various catfish species against Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae are still needed. Cooperation between fields and communities is also needed to prevent the spread of dengue disease properly. Mosquito larvae eating fish belonging to catfish species, namely African sharptooth catfish (Clarias garipenus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) have the potential to be a new biological vector controller because they have very high predation power compared to other mosquito larvae eating fish.

Download Full-text

Insecticide resistance in dengue vectors from hotspots in Selangor, Malaysia

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. e0009205

Author(s):

Rosilawati Rasli ◽

Yoon Ling Cheong ◽

M. Khairuddin Che Ibrahim ◽

Siti Futri Farahininajua Fikri ◽

Rusydi Najmuddin Norzali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

World Health ◽

Dengue Vector ◽

Organophosphate Insecticide ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽

Dengue Vector Control

Background In Malaysia, dengue remains a top priority disease and usage of insecticides is the main method for dengue vector control. Limited baseline insecticide resistance data in dengue hotspots has prompted us to conduct this study. The present study reports the use of a map on the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to provide a quick visualization and overview of the distribution of insecticide resistance. Method and results The insecticide resistance status of Aedes populations collected from 24 dengue hotspot areas from the period of December 2018 until June 2019 was proactively monitored using the World Health Organization standard protocol for adult and larval susceptibility testing was conducted, together with elucidation of the mechanisms involved in observed resistance. For resistance monitoring, susceptibility to three adulticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion) was tested, as well as susceptibility to the larvicide, temephos. Data showed significant resistance to both deltamethrin and permethrin (pyrethroid insecticides), and to malathion (organophosphate insecticide) in all sampled Aedes aegypti populations, while variable resistance patterns were found in the sampled Aedes albopictus populations. Temephos resistance was observed when larvae were tested using the diagnostic dosage of 0.012mg/L but not at the operational dosage of 1mg/L for both species. Conclusion The present study highlights evidence of a potential threat to the effectiveness of insecticides currently used in dengue vector control, and the urgent requirement for insecticide resistance management to be integrated into the National Dengue Control Program.

Download Full-text

Insecticide resistance and genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. e0008492 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafi Ur Rahman ◽

Luciano Veiga Cosme ◽

Monique Melo Costa ◽

Luana Carrara ◽

José Bento Pereira Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Control Program ◽

Positive Control ◽

World Health ◽

Janeiro State

Vector control largely relies on neurotoxic chemicals, and insecticide resistance (IR) directly threatens their effectiveness. In some cases, specific alleles cause IR, and knowledge of the genetic diversity and gene flow among mosquito populations is crucial to track their arrival, rise, and spread. Here we evaluated Aedes aegypti populations’ susceptibility status, collected in 2016 from six different municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), to temephos, pyriproxyfen, malathion, and deltamethrin. We collected eggs of Ae. aegypti in Campos dos Goytacazes (Cgy), Itaperuna (Ipn), Iguaba Grande (Igg), Itaboraí (Ibr), Mangaratiba (Mgr), and Vassouras (Vsr). We followed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and investigated the degree of susceptibility/resistance of mosquitoes to these insecticides. We used the Rockefeller strain as a susceptible positive control. We genotyped the V1016I and F1534C knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles using qPCR TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Besides, with the use of Ae. aegypti SNP-chip, we performed genomic population analyses by genotyping more than 15,000 biallelic SNPs in mosquitoes from each population. We added previous data from populations from other countries to evaluate the ancestry of RJ populations. All RJ Ae. aegypti populations were susceptible to pyriproxyfen and malathion and highly resistant to deltamethrin. The resistance ratios for temephos was below 3,0 in Cgy, Ibr, and Igg populations, representing the lowest rates since IR monitoring started in this Brazilian region. We found the kdr alleles in high frequencies in all populations, partially justifying the observed resistance to pyrethroid. Population genetics analysis showed that Ae. aegypti revealed potential higher migration among some RJ localities and low genetic structure for most of them. Future population genetic studies, together with IR data in Ae aegypti on a broader scale, can help us predict the gene flow within and among the Brazilian States, allowing us to track the dynamics of arrival and changes in the frequency of IR alleles, and providing critical information to improving vector control program.

Download Full-text

A Challenge for a Unique Dengue Vector Control Programme: Assessment of the Spatial Variation of Insecticide Resistance Status amongst Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Populations in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6619175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rasika Dalpadado ◽

Nayana Gunathilaka ◽

Deepika Amarasinghe ◽

Lahiru Udayanaga

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Vector Control ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Medical Officer ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Susceptibility Status

Background. To date, dengue is considered an important public health problem in Sri Lanka. Irrational use of insecticides without evidence-based applications has primed the development of resistance in mosquito vectors. Method. The present study investigated the resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in three selected Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas (i.e., Attanagalla, Dompe, and Negombo) in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka. Entomological surveys were performed using ovitraps and larval collections. Larval bioassays were carried out to determine the LC50, LC90, and LC95 and susceptibility status for organophosphate temephos, whereas adult bioassays were performed to test the 0.03% deltamethrin and 0.8% malathion susceptibility. Results. The study revealed that the temephos concentrations required to control Ae. aegypti (13.7-17.7 times) and Ae. albopictus (4.6-7.6 times) are higher than the diagnostic concentration (0.012 mg/L) proposed by the World Health Organization. The highest resistance levels were observed for both Ae. aegypti ( 14 ± 1.87 ) and Ae. albopictus ( 36 ± 1.87 ) collected from the Negombo MOH area. Therefore, the WHO recommended diagnostic concentration is no longer effective in controlling Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae in these areas. Both the dengue vectors have evolved a high level of insecticide resistance to malathion and deltamethrin in the Gampaha District except Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in rural areas. Further, vectors in rural areas are indicated susceptible (>98%) to pyrethroids and emergence of resistance (<97%) for organophosphate insecticides. Conclusion. The results of this study warrant the vector management authorities on the proper application of insecticides and rational use in vector control. The susceptibility status of vector mosquitoes should be continuously monitored especially in dengue-endemic areas parallel to the routine surveillance programme. Further molecular studies are strongly recommended to determine the Knockdown Resistance (kdr) mutations among Aedes populations.

Download Full-text

The effect of some insecticides on the larvae of Aedes aegypti in Jeddah Governorate, Makah Province, Kingdom Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.2.0128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 043-048

Author(s):

Mohi Eldin Abdallah M Mohammed ◽

Omar Yousof M Ali ◽

Ashraf Abd El-Salam H Mangoud ◽

Mutaman Ali A Kehail

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Vector Control Program ◽

Pirimiphos Methyl ◽

Lc50 And Lc90

Mosquitoes can act as vectors for many disease-causing viruses and parasites through carrying these organisms from person to person. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti larvae to some insecticides in Jeddah Governorate. Mosquito larvae were collected from all the available breeding sites in Jeddah municipalities using standard larval collection kits. The diagnostic doses (LC50 and LC90) were calculated from the mortality and concentration data. The larvicides Pirimiphos methyl, Fenitrothion, Bifenthrin and Cypermethrin were tested against the larvae of Ae. aegypti mosquito. The results showed positive correlation between the concentrations under investigation and mortality% of the treated larvae. Cypermethrin gave strong effect against Ae. aegypti larvae (LD50 0.0015 ml/L) followed by Pirimiphos methyl (LD50 0.0020 ml/L), Bifenthrin (LD50 0.039 ml/L), and at last rank Fenitrothion (0.041 ml/L). The same trend was obtained in LD90s. Ae. aegypti in Jeddah was susceptible to Bifenthrin, Cypermethrin, Pirimiphos methyl and Fenitrothion. Further studies should be run to conduct an intensive and appropriate vector control program in Jeddah Governorate.

Download Full-text

Resistance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations to Deltamethrin, Permethrin, and Temephos in Cambodia

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539517753876 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 158-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sébastien Boyer ◽

Sergio Lopes ◽

Didot Prasetyo ◽

John Hustedt ◽

Ay Sao Sarady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Sensitive Strain ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban Classification ◽

Dengue Transmission ◽

Primary Vector ◽

Health Organization

Dengue fever is a major public health concern, including 185,000 annual cases in Cambodia. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for dengue transmission and is targeted with insecticide treatments. This study characterized the insecticide resistance status of Ae aegypti from rural and urban locations. The susceptibility to temephos, permethrin, and deltamethrin of Ae aegypti was evaluated in accordance with World Health Organization instructions. All the field populations showed lower mortality rate to temephos compared with the sensitive strain with resistance ratio 50 (RR50) varying from 3.3 to 33.78 and RR90 from 4.2 to 47 compared with the sensitive strain, demonstrating a generalized resistance of larvae to the temephos in Cambodia. Ae aegypti adult populations were highly resistant to permethrin regardless of province or rural/urban classification with an average mortality of 0.02%. Seven of the 8 field populations showed resistance to deltamethrin. These results are alarming for dengue vector control, as widespread resistance may compromise the entomological impact of larval control operations. Innovative vector control tools are needed to replace ineffective pesticides in Cambodia.

Download Full-text

Determination of Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Samonsabar)

Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal ◽

10.34299/mhsrj.00917 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 16-22

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare

World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries use traditional medicines, mostly natural plant products, for their primary health care needs. In the past few decades, the medicinal value of plants has been assumed more important dimension owing largely to the discovery that extracts from plants contain not only primary metabolites but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural compounds with biological activities and therefore attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess ability to protect the body from damage due to free radical-induced oxidative stress. The purpose of current study was to determine the antioxidant activities and bioactive components of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) (Samonsabar) seeds by using UV Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Aqueous extract of fennel seeds showed more antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.28 ug/ml) than ethanolic extract (IC50: 0.83 ug/ml) and comparable to standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid (IC50: 0.59 ug/ml). GC-MS analysis was fruitful in identification of compounds based on peak area, retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, MS Fragmentions and pharmacological actions. Ten bioactive phytochemical compounds from aqueous extracts and 11 from ethanolic extract of fennel seeds were identified. These findings indicated that fennel seeds are potential to provide preventive properties against oxidative damage. These results will give scientific information for quality control of indigenous drug to herbal medicine users and local practitioners using fennel for different types of ailments

Download Full-text

Predicting Aedes aegypti infestation using landscape and thermal features

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78755-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Lorenz ◽

Marcia C. Castro ◽

Patricia M. P. Trindade ◽

Maurício L. Nogueira ◽

Mariana de Oliveira Lage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Land Surface ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Winter Season ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Thermal Features

AbstractIdentifying Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the design of effective vector control strategies. Remote sensing techniques offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability. In this study, we evaluated the association between urban landscape, thermal features, and mosquito infestations. Entomological surveys were conducted between 2016 and 2019 in Vila Toninho, a neighborhood of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, in which the numbers of adult female Ae. aegypti were recorded monthly and grouped by season for three years. We used data from 2016 to 2018 to build the model and data from summer of 2019 to validate it. WorldView-3 satellite images were used to extract land cover classes, and land surface temperature data were obtained using the Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). A multilevel negative binomial model was fitted to the data, which showed that the winter season has the greatest influence on decreases in mosquito abundance. Green areas and pavements were negatively associated, and a higher cover of asbestos roofs and exposed soil was positively associated with the presence of adult females. These features are related to socio-economic factors but also provide favorable breeding conditions for mosquitos. The application of remote sensing technologies has significant potential for optimizing vector control strategies, future mosquito suppression, and outbreak prediction.

Download Full-text

Larvicidal Effectiveness of Azolla pinnata against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) with Its Effects on Larval Morphology and Visualization of Behavioural Response

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2018/1383186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nor Shaida Husna Zulkrnin ◽

Nurul Nadiah Rozhan ◽

Nur Amanina Zulkfili ◽

Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff ◽

Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Control Program ◽

Test Method ◽

World Health ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Aquatic Fern ◽

Significant Difference

Dengue is vector-borne diseases with 390 million infections per year extending over 120 countries of the world. Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector for dengue viral infections for humans. Current focus on application of natural product against mosquito vectors has been the main priority for research due to its eco-safety. The extensive use of chemical insecticides has led to severe health problems, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to human and nontarget species, and development of insecticide resistance on mosquitoes. Azolla pinnata is an aquatic fern and predominantly used as feed in poultry industry and as fertilizer in agricultural field for enhancing the fertility of rice paddy soil. The present study was conducted to explore the larvicidal efficacy of A. pinnata using fresh and powdered form against late third-stage larvae (6 days, 5 mm in larvae body length) of Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The larvicidal bioassays were performed using World Health Organization standard larval susceptibility test method for different concentration for powdered and fresh A. pinnata. Powdered A. pinnata concentration used during larvicidal bioassay ranges from 500ppm to 2000ppm; meanwhile, fresh A. pinnata ranges from 500ppm to 9,000,000 ppm. The highest mortality was at 1853 ppm for powdered A. pinnata compared with fresh A. pinnata at 2,521,535 ppm, while the LC50 for both powdered and fresh A. pinnata recorded at 1262 ppm and 1853 ppm, respectively. Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference on Ae. aegypti larval mortality (F=30.439, df=1, p≤0.001) and concentration (F=20.002, df=1, p≤0.001) compared to powdered and fresh A. pinnata at 24-hour bioassay test. In conclusion, the powdered A. pinnata serves as a good larvicidal agent against Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and this study provided information on the lethal concentration that may have potential for a more eco-friendly Aedes mosquito control program.

Download Full-text