Parallel Algorithms for Solving Inverse Gravimetry Problems: Application for Earth’s Crust Density Models Creation

The paper describes a method of gravity data inversion, which is based on parallel algorithms. The choice of the density model of the initial approximation and the set on which the solution is sought guarantees the stability of the algorithms. We offer a new upward and downward continuation algorithm for separating the effects of shallow and deep sources. Using separated field of layers, the density distribution is restored in a form of 3D grid. We use the iterative parallel algorithms for the downward continuation and restoration of the density values (by solving the inverse linear gravity problem). The algorithms are based on the ideas of local minimization; they do not require a nonlinear minimization; they are easier to implement and have better stability. We also suggest an optimization of the gravity field calculation, which speeds up the inversion. A practical example of interpretation is presented for the gravity data of the Urals region, Russia.

Educating activity of Oleksandr Kolosok in Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts

The purpose of the article is to cover the teaching activities of Oleksandr Kolosok at the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts and to reveal its influence on the formation and development of higher choreographic education in Ukraine. Methodology. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical levels are used: analysis and generalization of scientific and theoretical bases of research, chronological method, interview method. Conclusions on the peculiarities of the pedagogical activity of O. P. Kolosоk are made on the basis of the analysis of the revealed complex of sources: pedagogical, methodical and creative achievements of the artist, own experience of communication with him, memories of colleagues and students. Scientific Novelty. The article covers for the first time the teaching activity of O. Kolosоk at the Department of Choreography (later the Department of Folk Choreography) at the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts; the teacher's work on the creation of the professional discipline "Ukrainian folk-stage dance" and the peculiarities of teaching the discipline "Art of the choreographer" are analyzed; materials of interviews with the teacher and his students and colleagues were put into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The teaching activity of Professor O. P. Kolosоk was aimed at the development of folk dance traditions in a harmonious and logical combination with the expressive means of academic choreographic art and the best achievements of the modern world performing culture. Thanks to his efforts, the discipline "Ukrainian folk-stage dance" was introduced into the system of training choreographers in the higher school of Ukraine, and today the teaching of choreographic art in higher education institutions is based on the methodological developments of folk dance theorists and practice O. Kolosоk. His work with students on mastering the art of choreography was multifaceted, and choreographer-director thinking reached deep sources of folk dance. Oleksandr Kolosok's many years of pedagogical activity were fruitful, and today many choreographers and choreographers, whom he nurtured, owe him their high professional level.

Paragenetic diversity of the composition garnets from kimberlites Nakyn field (Yakutia)

Studied the composition of garnets from three kimberlite bodies of Nakyn field (Nyurbinskaya and Botuobinskaya pipes, Markhinskaya dyke). Paragenetic specialization of garnets was determined on the basis of their chemical composition with use of the original MineralogicalAnalyse program. This program was specially created for paragenetic classification of kimberlite minerals and is currently capable of recognizing 41 paragenesis by the composition of garnets. The set of paragenetic groups determined by the program most fully characterizes paragenetic diversity of the composition garnets from kimberlites and associated placers to date. A significant difference was established between the kimberlite bodies of Nakyn field, both in the set of different garnet paragenesis and in their percentage. A distinctive feature of garnets this field is the increased content of eclogite paragenesis among them. Xenoliths of metamorphic basement rocks did not significantly affect the paragenetic association of garnets from studied kimberlite bodies. Using of the Mineralogical Analyse program allows one to judge both paragenetic affiliation of garnets and the deep sources of diamonds of specific kimberlite bodies.

Magnetoencephalography STOUT Method Adapted to Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for MR-Negative Insular Epilepsy: A Case Report

Epilepsy is one of the most challenging neurologic diseases confronted by human society. Approximately 30–40% of the worldwide epilepsy patients are diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy and require pre-surgery evaluation. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a unique technology that provides optimal spatial-temporal resolution and has become a powerful non-invasive imaging modality that can localize the interictal spikes and guide the implantation of intracranial electrodes. Currently, the most widely used MEG source estimation method for clinical applications is equivalent current dipoles (ECD). However, ECD has difficulties in precisely locating deep sources such as insular lobe. In contrast to ECD, another MEG source estimation method named spatio-temporal unifying tomography (STOUT) with spatial sparsity has particular advantages in locating deep sources. In this case study, we recruited a 5 year-old female patient with insular lobe epilepsy and her seizure recurred in 1 year after receiving the radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) therapy. The STOUT method was adopted to locate deep sources for identifying the epileptic foci in epilepsy evaluation. MEG STOUT method strongly supported a stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG)-guided RF-TC operation, and the patient reported a satisfactory therapeutic effect. This case raises the possibility that STOUT method can be used particularly for the localization of deep sources, and successfully conducted RF-TC under the guidance of MEG STOUT results.

MEG source imaging detects optogenetically-induced activity in cortical and subcortical networks

Magnetoencephalography measures neuromagnetic activity with high temporal, and theoretically, high spatial resolution. We developed an experimental platform combining MEG-compatible optogenetic techniques in nonhuman primates for use as a functional brain-mapping platform. Here we show localization of optogenetically evoked signals to known sources in the superficial arcuate sulcus of cortex and in CA3 of hippocampus at a resolution of 750 µm3. We detect activation in subcortical, thalamic, and extended temporal structures, conforming to known anatomical and functional brain networks associated with the respective sites of stimulation. This demonstrates that high-resolution localization of experimentally produced deep sources is possible within an intact brain. This approach is suitable for exploring causal relationships between discrete brain regions through precise optogenetic control and simultaneous whole brain MEG recording with high-resolution magnetic source imaging (MSI).

The Miracle of Mercy and the Mandate of Justice

Daniela Augustine’s The Spirit and the Common Good continues her project of imagining the Christian life as a life given to iconizing the creator and thus sanctifying the creation. Drawing on the deep sources of Orthodox theology and post-modern philosophy, she casts a vision of the common good drawn by the church’s participation in the Spirit’s ‘world-mending artistry’. This review asks what her work means for American Pentecostals in the context of the current social upheaval and political reckoning.

The use of simultaneous stereo-electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography in localising the epileptogenic focus in refractory focal epilepsy

Both magnetoencephalography and stereo-electroencephalography are used in presurgical epilepsy assessment, with contrasting advantages and limitations. It is not known whether simultaneous stereo-electroencephalography-magnetoencephalography recording confers an advantage over both individual modalities, in particular whether magnetoencephalography can provide spatial context to epileptiform activity seen on stereo-electroencephalography. 24 adult and paediatric patients who underwent stereo-electroencephalography study for pre-surgical evaluation of drug-resistant focal epilepsy, were recorded using simultaneous stereo-electroencephalography-magnetoencephalography, of which 14 had abnormal interictal activity during recording. The 14 patients were divided into two groups; those with detected superficial (n = 7) and deep (n = 7) brain interictal activity. Interictal spikes were independently identified in stereo-electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography. Magnetoencephalography dipoles were derived using a distributed inverse method. There was no significant difference between stereo-electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography in detecting superficial spikes (p = 0.135) and stereo-electroencephalography was significantly better at detecting deep spikes (p = 0.002). Mean distance across patients between stereo-electroencephalography channel with highest average spike amplitude and magnetoencephalography dipole was 20.7+/- 4.4 mm. for superficial sources, and 17.8 +/- 3.7 mm. for deep sources, even though for some of the latter (n = 4) no magnetoencephalography spikes were detected and magnetoencephalography dipole was fitted to a stereo-electroencephalography interictal activity triggered average. Removal of magnetoencephalography dipole was associated with 1 year seizure freedom in 6/7 patients with superficial source, and 5/6 patients with deep source. Although stereo-electroencephalography has greater sensitivity in identifying interictal activity from deeper sources, a magnetoencephalography source can be localised using stereo-electroencephalography information, thereby providing useful whole brain context to stereo-electroencephalography and potential role in epilepsy surgery planning.In the largest case series to date, Vivekananda et al. perform simultaneous magnetoencephalography and stereo-electroencephalography in refractory focal epilepsy patients. They demonstrate that for deep brain epileptogenic foci, magnetoencephalography dipoles could be derived from average stereo-electroencephalography data, thereby overcoming a traditional limitation of magnetoencephalography of reduced sensitivity for deep sources.

Geophysical-Structural Framework in a Mineralized Region of Northwesternmost Camaquã Basin, Southern Brazil

Airborne and ground magnetic and gravimetric maps provide important information about the spatial distribution of causative sources in the geological substrate. These sources normally have different physical and geometric properties and are located at different depths, making it difficult to identify the geological features that correspond to the sources. Filtering and enhancement techniques can be used to highlight features in potential field anomalies (such as center and edges of sources). Also, these techniques remove associated noise, isolate shallow from deep sources, and estimate depths. We applied enhancement and depth estimation techniques in airborne and ground potential field data to delineate a subsurface structural framework of two copper occurrences (Victor Teixeira and Capão Grande) in the northwestern border of Camaquã Basin with the Sul-Riograndense Shield. Our results confirmed previously recognized structures and revealed an interconnected structural framework, which has an estimated depth of 170 m by Euler solutions. This configuration suggests a possible connection between the two mineralization outcrops, which are separated by a distance of 2,300 m.

Volcano flank dynamics: breakthroughs delivered by space technologies

<p>Flank dynamics is an ensemble of phenomena observable in many volcanoes, caused by shallow (e.g. material erosion) or deep sources (e.g. tectonics or magma dynamics). Whatever its origin, the most evident effect of flank dynamics is the continuous/steady movement of the flanks of the volcano. The interaction between gravity, tectonics and magma dynamics produce deep-seated, steady-state movement of large sectors of the volcanoes (sometimes called “persistent flank motion” or “volcanic spreading”), whose effects may be severe, either when it evolves in sudden transient acceleration (producing flank collapses or landslides) or when the steady movement damages essential infrastructures or inhabited areas.</p><p>Before space-based observations begun, the knowledge of flank dynamics was limited in terms of areal dimension, magnitude and evolution. Since the 90s, first the GPS, then the SAR interferometry have produced a dramatic shift in the capacity to measure ground deformations at the scale of the volcano. GPS and InSAR now give a complete picture of the persistent flank motion and allow inferring the processes inducing this phenomenon. All this impacts the ability to improve the Hazard Assessment and Risk Reduction related to the persistent flank dynamics. Some worldwide examples are reported in the presentation, among of which from Supersite volcanoes. In particular, Mt. Etna offers the opportunity to make some considerations on the benefit of these improvements in hazard assessment of the flank dynamics.</p>