scholarly journals Integrating Role of the Conception of Language Personality in the Development of the Theory of Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-301
Author(s):  
Irina V. Shaposhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Human Formation ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Network Approaches

The article discusses the psycholinguistic explication of the phenomenon of the Russian language personality (RLP) on the experimentally obtained associative-verbal-network (AVN) model at the end of the XXth century and the methodological contribution of the RLP conception, proposed by Yu.N. Karaulov, to the development of a general theory of language. As a human-species-specific universal, LP can be studied within an interdisciplinary approach which suggests a complementary synthesis of the latest methodological and factological achievements in different branches of human sciences. All the facets of language functioning (systemic-structural, historical-cultural, psychological, and socio-communicative), that were highlighted earlier by Yu.N. Karaulov, are subject of interdisciplinary consideration, integrated within the conception of LP. Thus, conditions are created for a complementary use of the structural theory of language (whereby the language is viewed as an external object ) and a current theory of language within a person . Network approaches, widely used in a number of human sciences, help to identify different aspects of human formation. Yu.N. Karaulov proved that LP can be explicated only as a culturally-specific variety on the AVN model. This allows the author of the article to refer to the notion of intentional personality , that has been proposed by ethnologists and cultural anthropologists for their studies of the motivational aspects in socio-communicative interactions within a single cultural community. The author finds it appropriate to extrapolate the concept intentionality to the LP as a sense-generating and sense-organizing entity setting more-or-less flexible systematic stability to the persons internal image of the world and projecting this, often illogically organized, systematicity to the AVN. The advantages of using AVN model, in contrast to other network approaches, consist in its being capable to reflect the dominant socio-communicative attitudes which developed spontaneously by a natural order of emergence as the result of socialization of the studied community members. The author proceeds from an assumption about semantic accentuations of the LP as the units of analysis which are represented by fluctuations of associative dominants at the macrostructure and microlevels of the AVN; the empirical findings collected in the AVN may be regarded as initial data encouraging investigators to build hypotheses about the psychodynamic processes reflecting variability in socio-communicative environment. The range of fluctuations of the associative dominants at the turn of the century is shown as the statistic dimensions of the RLP in the network from the newest Russian regional associative database СИБАС1 [2008-2013] and СИБАС2 [2014-2020] in comparison with the Russian associative thesaurus (RAS) previously obtained by Russian psycholinguists, with Yu.N. Karaulovs active participation, in the years of perestroika [1988-1997].

scholarly journals The importance of motivation, weapons, and foul odors in driving encounter competition in carnivores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Allen ◽  
CC Wilmers ◽  
LM Elbroch ◽  
JM Golla ◽  
Heiko Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Interference Competition ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Ecological Society ◽  
Strategic Behaviors ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

© 2016 by the Ecological Society of America. Encounter competition is interference competition in which animals directly contend for resources. Ecological theory predicts the trait that determines the resource holding potential (RHP), and hence the winner of encounter competition, is most often body size or mass. The difficulties of observing encounter competition in complex organisms in natural environments, however, has limited opportunities to test this theory across diverse species. We studied the outcome of encounter competition contests among mesocarnivores at deer carcasses in California to determine the most important variables for winning these contests. We found some support for current theory in that body mass is important in determining the winner of encounter competition, but we found that other factors including hunger and species-specific traits were also important. In particular, our top models were "strength and hunger" and "size and hunger," with models emphasizing the complexity of variables influencing outcomes of encounter competition. In addition, our wins above predicted (WAP) statistic suggests that an important aspect that determines the winner of encounter competition is species-specific advantages that increase their RHP, as bobcats (Lynx rufus) and spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis) won more often than predicted based on mass. In complex organisms, such as mesocarnivores, species-specific adaptations, including strategic behaviors, aggressiveness, and weapons, contribute to competitive advantages and may allow certain species to take control or defend resources better than others. Our results help explain how interspecific competition shapes the occurrence patterns of species in ecological communities.

scholarly journals Historiografía de la regionalización en Colombia: una mirada institucional e interdisciplinar, 1902-1987

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-67
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Rueda Enciso ◽  
Renzo Ramírez Bacca
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Normal School ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
National University

El artículo ofrece una revisión historiográfica sobre la construcción de tipológicas regionales del caso colombiano. Tienen en cuenta sus dinámicas y aportes académicos e institucionales, en algunos casos, para rendir cuenta de la limitación de los enfoques, y en otros para ofrecerlo a modo de contexto. Los aportes de la Academia Colombiana de Historia, la Escuela Normal Superior, el Instituto Etnológico Nacional, la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, entre otras instituciones; pero también de académicos como López de Mesa, Zalamea Borda, García Nossa, Vila Dinarés, Hernández de Alba Lesmes,  Guhl Nimtz, Fornaguera, Abadía Morales, Jaramillo Uribe, Gutiérrez de Pineda y Fals Borda, entre otros autores, son revisados de modo cronológico y lineal entre 1902-1987. La pregunta central es: ¿cuáles son los inicios, tendencias y fuentes de la regionalización colombiana? Su respuesta se apoya en una revisión bibliográfica crítica de autores y fuentes de los principales exponentes de una visión regional nacional del país. Palabras clave: regionalización, historiografía, región, ciencias sociales y humanas, Colombia  Historiography of regionalization in Colombia:  an institutional and interdisciplinary approach 1902-1987AbstractThe article offers a historiographical review about construction of regional typologies of the Colombian case. It takes into account its dynamics, and the academic and institutional contributions, in some cases to account for the limitation of the approaches, and in others, to offer them by way of context. The contributions of the Colombian Academy of History, the Superior Normal School, the National Ethnological Institute , National University of Colombia , among other institutions, but also of academic as López de Mesa, Zalamea Borda, García Nossa,  Vila Dinarés, Hernandez de Alba Lesmes, Guhl Nimtz, Fornaguera Abbey Morales, Jaramillo Uribe, Gutiérrez de Pineda and Fals Borda, among others, are reviewed in chronological and linear fashion between 1902-1987. The central question is: what are the early, tendencies and sources of regionalization in Colombian? Its answer is based on a critical review of literature authors, and the main sources of the exponents of a regional vision national for the country. Keywords: regionalization, historiography, region, social and human sciences, Colombia.

scholarly journals The return to water in ancestral Xenopus was accompanied by a novel mechanism for producing and shaping vocal signals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Kwong-Brown ◽  
Martha L. Tobias ◽  
Damian O. Elias ◽  
Ian C. Hall ◽  
Coen P.H. Elemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Species Divergence ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Resonance Modes ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Vocal Signals ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractSpecies-specific vocal signals allow listeners to locate potential mates. During the tetrapod transition from water to land, lungs replaced gills, allowing expiration to drive sound production. Several groups, e.g. cetaceans and some frogs, then returned to water. Here we explore how air-driven sound production changed upon re-entry and how essential acoustic information on species identity was preserved in the secondarily aquatic frog Xenopus. We filmed movements of cartilage and muscles during evoked sound production in isolated larynges. Our results refute the current theory for Xenopus vocalization, cavitation, and instead favor sound production by mechanical excitation of laryngeal resonance modes following rapid separation of laryngeal arytenoid discs. The resulting frequency resonance modes (dyads) are intrinsic to the larynx rather than due to neuromuscular control. We show that dyads are a distinctive acoustic signature across species. While dyad component frequencies overlap across species, their ratio is shared within each Xenopus clade and thus provide information on species identity, potentially facilitating both conspecific localization and ancient species divergence.

RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
JELENA LEPOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Shaping Business Managers’ English in BBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Ramji Timalsina
Keyword(s):  
Technical Writing ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Business Administrators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Of Language

This article analyses how the current course of English in Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Tribhuvan University has used interdisciplinary approach in teaching English for business communication to would-be business administrators. To prepare the background and methodology of the analysis, the history of such courses in the global context is reviewed and certain parameters are devised based on B.F. Skinner’s theory of language shaping. It is found that the course has maintained the international standard and so is appropriate for aspiring business managers. The integration of language, literature, technical writing skills and business management related contents has made the course useful and difficult to handle at the same time. Active and motivated participants of both the course instructor and the learners is necessary to make the course successful with the achievement of the objectives the curriculum devised.

scholarly journals CONTEXTUALISING KNOWLEDGE AS THE BASIS OF NEW MODEL SCHOOL TEACHER PREPARATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Natalija Stefanova ◽  
Natal’ja Shubina
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
General Education ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Model Building ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Model ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
State Educational

Processes of convergence and integration that characterize contemporary society naturally seep into the education system, first of all at school. Proof of this are the modern State educational standards for general education in Russia, which focuses on the formation, along with subject, metasubject  educational results. However, the preparation of teachers is based on subject principle, which hampers the realization of interdisciplinary integration laid down in standards. Increase massif operated knowledge from different disciplinary areas requires new approaches to formation of teachers’ professional skills, primarily, the ability to constantly replenish and build their personal knowledge. Currently, the development of creative abilities of presentation and interpretation training information that is interdisciplinary in nature. An interdisciplinary approach in teaching alters the level and quality of learning. The basis for this approach in the preparation of teachers can become idea of knowledge contextualization. The aim of this paper is theoretical and experimental justification of the need to build a new model of teacher preparation, capable to participate in solving the problems of the integration of school subjects. Methods of theoretical analysis (system, historical and problematic), as well as methods of design and experimental work are used. The article presents the results of experimental work undertaken to search for a new model of teacher preparation, capable to participate in the integration of school subjects (for example mathematics and Russian language), concepts, laid down in model building, revealed the prior directions of its implementation.  

CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E DIREITOS MULTICULTURAIS: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE DIREITO E CIÊNCIAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Betriz Vianna Mendes ◽  
Lúcia Da Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Environmental Rights

From an interdisciplinary approach, focused on human sciences, this work is concerned with action situations that have occurred in protected environmental areas. these action situations do not involve only questions regarding socio- environmental rights and obligations seen from a state juridical point of view – here we are dealing with the superposition of two constitutionally protected domains: environment and cultural diversity. these actions also lead us to reflect on the importance and limits of scientific knowledge, on the positivated rights, and on the state itself as legitimate delineators, capable of defining and managing brazilian public policies, in particular those destined to the protection of the environmental and cultural.

scholarly journals Language, Religion and Ethnicity at the Schools with Russian and Polish Language of Instruction in Lithuania: Practices of (Non)Recognition of Cultural Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Šliavaitė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
School Community ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

The paper focuses on the ethnic and religious diversity of school community members at the selected schools and investigates whether and how this diversity is acknowledged and managed in the schooling sector. The paper overviews how research participants perceive the interrelation between language, ethnicity and confession, as well as what ways schools use to deal with religious diversity in their communities. The empirical material comes from qualitative interviews with teachers of religion and members of administration at schools with the Polish and the Russian language of instruction in multi-ethnic urban sites in Lithuania, as well as interviews with members of Catholic or Russian Orthodox communities. The data indicates that school strategies to manage cultural diversity of school community are diverse, but schools where ethnicity and religion are seen as closely related can serve as agents of socialisation into a particular religious or ethnic group and in constructing ethno-confessional identities.

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