THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB) OF EMPLOYEES AT TERENGGANU'S GOVERNMENT LINKED COMPANIES (GLCS): A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study provides a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of transformational leadership on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among employees in Terengganu's Government Linked Companies (GLCs). In this context, this paper mainly aims at providing a new perspective to understand the occurrence of organizational commitment. It seeks to intrinsically enhance the employees for their discretionary behaviours to the organization's activities. To date, only limited studies are available that consider OCB as a connection developer between transformational leadership and organizational commitment. Organizational commitment is a critical concept with multiple antecedents and implications for organizational performance, goals, employee turnover, and work satisfaction. Employees' commitment to their jobs and organizations is determined by situational and dispositional factors, or by a combination of the two. This study examines how leaders' influences drive employees' OCB and its relationship with organizational commitment. The framework suggests that transformational leadership has a direct influence on organizational commitment and employees’ OCB. It is hypothesised that OCB both directly influence and mediate transformational leadership on organizational commitment.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CROSS BORDER ENTREPRENEURSHIP - GEOGRAPHICAL, THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL GAPS

Cross Border Entrepreneurship (CBE) contributes to regional economic development through international opportunities recognition and exploitation. This study tends to explore and review the CBE literature to find the gaps by systematically investigating the existing literature guide by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement. This study emphasis on the country’s classification, perspective area, methods of study, as well as underpinning theories. It reveals 32 relevant research topics of the literature of CBE and highlights four main gaps. First, previous studies of CBE are yet to explore extensively in transition and developing countries. Second, areas of study lack focus on the process of identifying critical issues of CBE. Third, qualitative strategies which enable the specification of new output findings of the CBE are yet explored. Lastly, experiential learning theory, agency theory, financial theory, cash flow theory, locational condition theory, behavioural internationalization process theory, entrepreneurial opportunities theory, and human capital theory yet be utilized and diversified to develop a new understanding of a variety of challenging phenomena in the CBE studies.

INFLUENCE OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION TO BRAND AWARENESS AND BRAND IMAGE TOWARD PURCHASE INTENTION OF LOCAL FASHION PRODUCT

Many young Indonesian entrepreneurs have opened clothing brands to introduce local fashion products that are not inferior to other well-known brands. Business owners are still confused about how they can increase brand awareness and brand image through effective information dissemination methods. This really affects several things in the business they have, such as sales, followers on social media, consumers, etc. Therefore, this research aims to identify Integrated marketing communications methods can affect brand awareness and brand image toward the purchase intention of local fashion products by using smart PLS analysis. This time, the object of the questionnaire this time is using a local brand from Dama Kara. Six hypotheses are proposed based on the needs you want to analyse and a quantitative approach was adopted with 215 respondents. This study confirmed that one of the most influential factors on purchase intention towards local fashion products is sales promotion, in which people will purchase local fashion products if they get many promotions that are offered from the local fashion brand they want to buy. According to the data processing results, there are two aspects that influence brand image and brand awareness: advertising and sales promotion. Thus, this finding highlights the need to analyse many local fashion brands in Indonesia more deeply and more specifically so that they can find out the problems that occur in each local fashion brand in Indonesia and get perspectives from various consumers from various local fashion brands. These findings from this research will be used as a recommendation for the Look at Me brand to develop a sustainable marketing strategy for the more specific Indonesian target market with methods from integrated marketing communication.

ENABLING EMPLOYMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY (PWD): READINESS, COMMITMENT, AND DISPOSITION OF MALAYSIAN EMPLOYERS

People with disabilities (PWD) struggle with prejudices, narrow-mindedness, and maltreatment. This situation has brought many questions on how the public serves them. Concerning PWDs' employment, the source of income and the wellbeing of this community frequently be neglected and depreciated. The research issues a call to this agenda and suggests action to empower employment among PWD. Descriptive quantitative research was employed to 136 employers from various industries. This article reports three variables: readiness, commitment, and disposition of industrial players on hiring PWD. The results of the study describe that employers are more likely to hire PWD in their organization based on their readiness and commitment, however, the disposition was discouraging. The types of disabilities, industries and ethnicities of the PWD contribute to a major decision when hiring PWD. Employment of PWDs is afflicted by skeptical and dubious perspectives due to their capabilities and capacities to fulfill job responsibilities. With encouragement and empowerment of skilled development programs, PWD is supposed to be allowed to join the workforce, performing a job that suits their impairment. Ongoing support must be advocated among the grassroots of the nations that ultimately flourish the life of PWD.

SUSTAINABLE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SMALL MEDIUM COFFEE FARMERS IN SUMEDANG REGENCY, INDONESIA

Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities. One of the coffee-producing areas in Indonesia is Sukawangi Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. As the sole actor in running a business, the business actor never calculates the production costs that arise into the cost element. One of the problems of SMEs is the lack of knowledge of SME entrepreneurs about good business management. The next problem faced by SME entrepreneurs is increasing their business competitiveness. Another problem of SMEs that often escapes the attention of UKM entrepreneurs is branding. The last mistake that many UKM players make is that many are not aware that manual bookkeeping is a serious problem for SMEs. In this study, the authors performed a literature synthesis to understand the underlying reasons for issues faced by SMEs about good business management. From the analysis, it can be concluded that consumer behaviour/ preferences/ shops; value chain/ geographical; sustainability/ environment; finance farming; regulation/ certification; and COVID-19 plays a significant part in determining the success of coffee production. Further studies should be performed to test this conceptual model in Indonesia. The results of the study can be useful for all the stakeholders in the coffee Industry, particularly the coffee farmers.

EFFECT OF MARKETING ETHICS AS A MODERATE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARKET ORIENTATION AND SME PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM SAUDI ARABIA

Literature has revealed, recently, the importance of market orientation (MO) for firm performance (SMEs); However, doubts still about how MO could improve SMEs performance exist due to the vagueness surrounding it. We examine marketing ethics (ME) that moderate the MO-SMEs relationship. A proposed model was analyzed empirically using a structural equation model (SEM) drawing on survey data for 408 manufacturing SMEs in Saudi Arabia. The results obtained show that MO positively affects performance for SMEs and, most significantly, this relationship is indirect as it is fully moderated by ME. These findings reveal MO improves performance when those firms make efforts in developing marketing ethics. the market orientation is significant, but it may not be sufficient to improve performance if the firm is unable to follow the marketing ethics practices.

SUSTAINING THE GROWTH OF RURAL SMEs: EFFECT OF FINANCIAL ACCESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN A FELDA SCHEME IN PAHANG

In Malaysia, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute more than one-third to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Past studies revealed that access to finance and entrepreneurial characteristics are often known as predictors of SMEs performance. Nonetheless, access to finance is still one of the pressing problems faced by SMEs in Malaysia. Studies on this topic have not been extensively explored particularly in the FELDA scheme. Hence, this paper attempts to investigate how access to finance and entrepreneurship characteristics affect SMEs business performance in the FELDA scheme. This study employed a survey research design. Data were collected from a sample of 368 SMEs and analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This study found the insignificant effect of access to finance on business performance. There was no significant effect of innovativeness and pro-activeness on business performance. Interestingly, risk-taking was directly related to SMEs business performance. Overall, findings imply that SMEs in the FELDA scheme have difficulties getting financial access, dare to take bold actions in business but they are lacking the propensity in introducing new business ideas and are not fast enough in taking advantage of new business opportunities. The paper recommends that government agencies should provide adequate business support and financial access to improve SMEs entrepreneurial capabilities and business performance.

THE NEED AND OPTION FOR STUDENT TO PURSUE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CAREER IN MALAYSIA HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS

The process of starting and managing a business venture of a company or organization is closely related to the field of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs have a responsibility to develop business plans so that they can acquire the financial and human resources available in the market. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic development of a country by creating many and various job opportunities for the people. Malaysia always strives to cultivate entrepreneurial interest among students, especially for students of the Institute of Higher Education so that they can pursue an entrepreneurial career after graduation. Nevertheless, the effort showed low impact in promoting due to the low number of graduates in the entrepreneurial career. This study was conducted to study the desire of students on the selection of entrepreneurial careers of students from 49 universities in Malaysia. A total of 280 IPT students agreed to participate in this study. For this study, the analysis of survey data with a set of questionnaires was distributed to the respondents online. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software used to obtain data analysis, descriptive analysis, and regression were done. Analysis of survey data found that students' desire for an entrepreneurial career is at a high level but the selection of students' entrepreneurial career is at a moderately high level only. Therefore, the Malaysian government needs to take action and provide appropriate measures to increase students' desire for entrepreneurial career choice.

BOARD DIVERSITY NETWORKS AND EARNINGS QUALITY IN MALAYSIA

This study examines the relationship between board diversity networks and earnings quality using different direct and indirect network centrality measures established by social network analysis. This study establishes the network pattern of 4416 directors consists of 4609 men and 407 women directors from a sample of 745 listed companies on Bursa Malaysia in 2011. Overall, the results show that there is a significant negative relationship between director networks and earnings quality. Additionally, the analysis on gender-based networks suggests that while the effect of men directors’ networks is consistent with the main network model, the women directors create a network which capable of enhancing the company’s earnings quality. The negative network effects on earnings quality most likely due to the reputation of social status, which eventually detriment the companies’ value.

CUSTOMER PREFERENCES ON SUSTAINABLE FASHION PURCHASES: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

This research purpose is to investigate customer motivation when purchasing sustainable fashion. These research objectives are to investigate customers' perception toward sustainable fashion, to determine the preferences of customers in buying sustainable fashion, and the range of price limits of customers in purchasing sustainable fashion. Therefore, for this research, there are several papers that are being reviewed and preliminary research being conducted. The literature analysis and preliminary studies have shown that customer preferences such as Price, Quality, Design, Brand Image, and Promotion influencing sustainable fashion purchases. Based on the literature review and preliminary study, this research was able to produce a simple conceptual framework. This research’ findings will be useful for fashion brand owners in developing their business. These findings can be useful to create pricing strategies, marketing strategies, and product strategies.