PICKERING EMULSION TECHNOLOGY IN FABRICATE CELLULOSE FOAM FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTE

PICKERING EMULSION TECHNOLOGY IN FABRICATE CELLULOSE FOAM FROM OILPALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTE. Cellulose from the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste can make a porous material. This study aims to make cellulose foam with Pickering emulsion technology used cellulose nanofiber as a Pickering agent. The mechanism of Pickering emulsion is learned from foamability and stability of foam in the presence of various concentrations of surfactant. The result showed that using Pickering emulsion technology only needed surfactant with a small concentration to improve foamability and stability. The addition of CNF indeed improved the stability and foamability with the Pickering effect. The stability test shows that the foam stabilized with CNF appeared to be relatively stable. In contrast to the CNF free system, the foams were collapse in three days tested. Structures of foam was characterized using an optical microscope and showed that the foam was composed into two- or three dimensional microstructures formed by gas bubble of wet foam in random orientations. This process generated the lightweight Cellulose foam from OPEFB waste, with a density of 0.07 g/cm3. Using Pickering emulsion technology to make cellulose foam can be one way to overcome OPEFB waste and this foam is potential for various applications.

Isolation of Textile Waste Cellulose Nanofibrillated Fibre Reinforced in Polylactic Acid-Chitin Biodegradable Composite for Green Packaging Application

Textile waste cellulose nanofibrillated fibre has been reported with excellent strength reinforcement ability in other biopolymers. In this research cellulose nanofibrilated fibre (CNF) was isolated from the textile waste cotton fabrics with combined supercritical carbon dioxide and high-pressure homogenisation. The isolated CNF was used to enhance the polylactic acid/chitin (PLA/chitin) properties. The properties enhancement effect of the CNF was studied by characterising the PLA/chitin/CNF biocomposite for improved mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The tensile properties, impact strength, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and the PLA/chitin/CNF biocomposite wettability were studied. The result showed that the tensile strength, elongation, tensile modulus, and impact strength improved significantly with chitin and CNF compared with the neat PLA. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) morphological images showed uniform distribution and dispersion of the three polymers in each other, which corroborate the improvement in mechanical properties. The biocomposite’s water absorption increased more than the neat PLA, and the contact angle was reduced. The results of the ternary blend compared with PLA/chitin binary blend showed significant enhancement with CNF. This showed that the three polymers’ combination resulted in a better material property than the binary blend.

Cellulose and Nanocellulose Productions from Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production

Abstract:: Biofuel is an emerging fuel to replace the conventional fuel used in transportation. With intensive research efforts, a new number of novel technologies having high potential for sustainable development have been developed to extensively utilize the biomass with zero waste. Cellulose and nanocellulose is becoming as one of the most targeted polymers to convert in to biofuel. It is being obtained from different plants parts. However, a concern is that the source of sustainable feedstocks for cellulosic component as desired process under different circumstances to produce biofuel. This study reviews concisely the cellulosic component, nanocellulose, isolation and extraction by different pretreatment technologies envisaging enzy-matic hydrolysis, biochemical conversion process and different plant feedstock as biofuel production. Particular attentions are paid to first generation of biofuel, second generation of biofuel and third generation of biofuel in regards to nanocellulose applications. The most common feedstocks lignocellulosic biomass is extensively discussed in the later part. The review also aims to present different methods of syntheses of nanocellulose, cellulose production from biomass and their applica-tion towards the biofuel production.

Karakteristik dan Aplikasi Selulosa Kulit Jagung Pada Pengembangan Hidrogel

Corn is one of the staple food crops widely consumed by Indonesians, thus has potensial in producing an abundant amount of corn husk waste. Cellulose contained in corn husk is about 44%, so the material has the potential to be source of natural fiber cellulose. The development of hydrogels from natural polymers such as cellulose is very promising especially for biomaterial application. Cellulose fiber was obtained through several stages: dewaxing, pulping, delignification, bleaching and cellulose purification. This study aimed to determine the most effective solvent in cellulose extraction of corn husk, the research carried out with different solvent such as, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrocloric acid (HCl). Based on the functional group formed on the analysis of FTIR, shows that the extraction method using H2O2 as solvent can remove hemicellulose and lignin from the cellulose structure and the most white cellulose fiber obtained from the extraction with H2O2 solvent. Cellulose obtained from previous step was used for hydrogel production. The hydrogel showed different absorption capacity depend on temperature and ratio of glutaraldehide to cellulose. The highest water absorption capacity of 250% obtained by hidrogel with ratio 1:2 at 25oC.