An investigation on fuel carrier’s price rise impacts on the consumer price inflation in Iran

Introduction: Oil is one of the primary commodities of all countries globally and is, in essence, the energy base of all that we know as transportation. Therefore, price fluctuations of derivatives, especially fuel and oil derivatives, are the policymakers’ main concerns because they can cause serious problems, such as inflation in commodity prices. Objective: The impact of fuel carriers’ prices on the consumer price index remains a subject of debate and research. This paper aims to develop a model to define the inflation regime in Iran and then investigate the impact of gasoline and diesel price on the total inflation rate. Method: In this study, using the central bank time series and available data on energy balance and World Bank data banks, a non-linear distributed online delay regression modeling is developed to analyze the relationship between fuel price and essential commodity inflation. Results: The results show that there is an impact of gasoline price on inflation. It does not have much effect in the long term, but diesel can somewhat influence raising prices, which can exacerbate poverty in the community that needs special attention. Conclusion: It was also found that diesel’s price is harmful to the economy because it can stimulate inflation in the long term. However, in the short term, diesel does not cause any significant inflation in the prices. While gasoline prices can have many short-term social effects, this paper suggests that the Iranian government control diesel fuel prices prevent long-term inflation in inflation and consumer price rate.

An investigation of oil and gas geopolitical situation in the eastern Mediterranean region

: One of the focal points of the global energy struggle in recent years has been storytelling in the Eastern Mediterranean. Greece and the Greek Cypriot government (GCA), in cooperation with Egypt and Israel, are implementing a containment strategy against Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) in the region. Turkey’s response to this plan was an exclusive agreement with Libya. Turkey and Libya have signed a memorandum of understanding between the government of national reconciliation on limiting the maritime jurisdiction of the new continental shelf in the Eastern Mediterranean - the only borders of the lottery’s economic zone. Greece could act with other countries, and it is said that Turkey’s competence will be ratified in the face of agreements that may restrict movement. The United States and the European Union (EU) also sought to share gas with European countries against Turkey, Israel, and the GCA. This article focuses on Libya’s ongoing competition, given Libya’s oil geopolitics and challenges in the eastern Mediterranean region. This paper briefly investigates the energy geopolitics in the eastern Mediterranean and North African region; this paper aims to conclude the diverse opinions led by various interests and points of view and propose a solution for the ever-growing tensions in this region.

Cellulose and Nanocellulose Productions from Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production

Abstract:: Biofuel is an emerging fuel to replace the conventional fuel used in transportation. With intensive research efforts, a new number of novel technologies having high potential for sustainable development have been developed to extensively utilize the biomass with zero waste. Cellulose and nanocellulose is becoming as one of the most targeted polymers to convert in to biofuel. It is being obtained from different plants parts. However, a concern is that the source of sustainable feedstocks for cellulosic component as desired process under different circumstances to produce biofuel. This study reviews concisely the cellulosic component, nanocellulose, isolation and extraction by different pretreatment technologies envisaging enzy-matic hydrolysis, biochemical conversion process and different plant feedstock as biofuel production. Particular attentions are paid to first generation of biofuel, second generation of biofuel and third generation of biofuel in regards to nanocellulose applications. The most common feedstocks lignocellulosic biomass is extensively discussed in the later part. The review also aims to present different methods of syntheses of nanocellulose, cellulose production from biomass and their applica-tion towards the biofuel production.

A State‐of‐the‐art Review on a Thermochemical Conversion of Carbonaceous Materials: Production of Synthesis gas by Co-gasification ProcessPart I

Objective: Energy is one of the most significant inputs for development and economic growth. Jordan faces big internal and regional challenges concerns. One of these challenges is the growing Electricity demand, which accompanied by a shortage of available natural resources. Locally, Jordan is generating very limited Electrical energy that contributes only 2.4% of total energy consumption. Therefore, providing reliable and affordable Electricity in Jordan is considered one of the National Energy Strategy. The off-grid energy generating technologies can provide a more reliable supply and has a great potential to supply power to remote and rural areas. It is more environmentally friendly, cost-efficient, and operates independently without relying on multiple public utilities. The purpose of this research is to study gasification technology as one of a renewable energy source that can provide a more reliable supply and has a great potential to supply power to remote and rural areas. The gasification of the carbonaceous material is a method to produce syngas. Such technology is a process used to converts carbonaceous materials to synthetic gas to use as energy. In the gasification process, the most common materials used are Biomass. This technology has many challenges, such as low energy density, low heating value, higher tar content, and unstable supply. To overcome these disadvantages, Biomass and coal have been employed in a single process called the co-gasification. Although this method improved the process of co-gasification various factors influenced such a process. These factors include flow geometry, where the gasifier is classified for several types: entrained flow gasifier, moving bed gasifier, and fluidized bed gasifier. Other factors are gasification agent, operation conditions (temperature, pressure), heating rate, feedstock composition, fuel blending ratio, and particle size, where it is influenced by the percentage of the gases and ratio between produced (CO, CO2, CH4, H2). Methods: Previous works and research. of the gases and ratio between produced (CO, CO2, CH4, H2). Results: Compared the production of synthesis gas by co-gasification process. of the gases and ratio between produced (CO, CO2, CH4, H2). Conclusion: This paper presented the co-gasification process from the literature. Then, the comparison was made between the co-gasification process and normal gasification to determine the main factors that impact these processes, which will attend to future improving gasification. The gasification agents is one of factors that influence the gasification process, which depends on the gasifier design and operation. The other factor that can affect the co-gasification is temperature.

Disasters as Catalysts for Energy Transition.

: The concept of disaster as a positive force for change seems intuitive, but is covered only occasionally in the energy transition literature. We review disaster risk and recovery literature to assess how these types of transformations may be different, and provide a change pathway within the popular Multi-Level Perspective framework. While incumbent systems are by definition stable (making change difficult), disaster can override these challenges by providing simultaneous disruption at all structure levels. By exceeding the capacity of the regime and its established processes and practices, disaster provides an opportunity to reformat social structures through reconstruction and recovery processes. Importantly, significant disruption has the ability to plasticize the landscape for a short timeframe, with potential change within a finite deviation from existing trends. During this disruptive period, the regime and landscape become co-dependent, with any meso-level void filled by a combination of new and reconstructed fragments, working to restore the stability of the foundation. The new regime must then satisfy the resultant set of socially dictated conditions set by the revised landscape to maintain the new structure. The challenge then is not to be restrained by swift recovery of the previous regime, and to form a new set of conditions to deliver improved outcomes that better balance the needs of natural and anthropogenic systems.

A Conversion Efficiency Determination of High Efficiency Solar Cells with Parabolic Dish Concentrating System

Aims: Field test for the conversion efficiency determination of high concentrating solar cells with parabolic dish concentrating system in a tropical location. Background: Typical solar cell system using in a tropical location is a fixed panel via commercial grade mono crystalline, poly crystalline or amorphous solar panels. They have low conversion efficiency so they need wide area to enhance the electrical energy. The consequence is low yielding in terms of economics and unpopular used in urban zone. Objective: To test for the conversion efficiency determination of high concentrating solar cells with parabolic dish concentrating system in a tropical location. Method: The research was conducted at the top of Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University(NRRU) Science Center Building, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The four multi junction solar cells were connected together to receive the reflecting concentrated sunlight from the parabolic dish. I also determined the conversion efficiency of the 160 watts peak mono crystalline solar cell panel for a comparing purpose. Multi junction solar cells with parabolic dish concentrating and cooling systems, solar cell panel, pyrheliometer, pyranometer and light sensor were set up on the dual axes sun tracker. Data were gathered every 5 minutes all day from January 2018 to February 2019 for all 3 seasons via the automatic data logging system. Result: The results had presented that the average conversion efficiency of high concentrating solar cell module with parabolic dish concentrating system for 100x and of the 160 watts peak mono crystalline solar cell panel were 15.18% and 9.46% respectively, with the percentage difference of 56.45%. While, the average output powers per unit area per year of multi junction solar cells with concentrating system and mono crystalline solar cell panel were 98,544.92watt/m2 and 664.37watt/m2 respectively, with the ratio of 148.33. Conclusion: It is clearly seen that, in terms of conversion efficiency and output power per unit area per year, the multi junction solar cells with parabolic dish concentrating system has more advantage than the typical mono crystalline solar cell panel. Other: Especially for economical aspect, the utilization of parabolic dish concentrating system with MJ solar cells can reduce the land investment cost and also encourage of solar cell utilization not only in rural but also in urban for the tropical climate countries.

Modeling and Experiment on Combustion Characteristics for Biomass Rotary Burner

Background: A biomass pellet rotary burner was chosen as the research object in order to study the influence of excess air coefficient on the combustion efficiency. The finite element simulation model of biomass rotary burner was established. Methods: The computational fluid dynamics software was applied to simulate the combustion characteristics of biomass rotary burner in steady condition and the effects of excess air ratio on pressure field, velocity field and temperature field was analyzed. Results: The results show that the flow velocity inside the burner gradually increases with the increase of inlet velocity and the maximum combustion temperature is also appeared in the middle part of the combustion chamber. Conclusion: When the excess air coefficient is 1.0 with the secondary air outlet velocity of 4.16 m/s, the maximum temperature of the rotary combustion chamber is 2730K with the secondary air outlet velocity of 6.66 m/s. When the excess air ratio is 1.6, the maximum temperature of the rotary combustion chamber is 2410K. When the air ratio is 2.4, the maximum temperature of the rotary combustion chamber is 2340K with the secondary air outlet velocity of 9.99 m/s. The best excess air coefficient is 1.0. The experimental value of combustion temperature of biomass rotary burner is in good agreement with the simulation results.

Structural, Morphological, Vibrational, Thermal and Optical Properties of ZnS Quantum Dots in the Polymer Matrix

<P>Background: Nanotechnology is believed to be a future for new human generations. Among different emerging materials, the Nanocomposites (NCs) would be on front line. The aim of the current study is provide a way to synthesis the ZnS-polyacrylamide NCs with emphasizes on the effect of aging in polymer on its various physical properties. </P><P> Objectives: To prepare and study the properties of ZnS-Polymer NCs with drying time in polymer matrix. </P><P> Methods: ZnS-polyacrylamide NCs samples were synthesized by adding aqueous suspension of ZnS Nanoparticles (NPs) in Sol of acrylamide: bisacrylamide copolymer. These samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. </P><P> Results: From XRD data analysis, nano phase and zinc blend structure of the material is confirmed. From SEM images, the pristine ZnS NPs show spherical morphology, and this texture is still preserved in the polymer composites. FT-IR confirms that there is strong interaction between polymer chain and ZnS NPs. The TGA results indicate that the incorporation of the NPs impacts the thermal properties of the ZnS-polymer NCs and displaying higher thermal stability than the pure polymer matrix. The optical data predicts the band gap and Quantum Confinement Effect (QCE) and reduction of ZnS NPs within the polymer matrix. These NCs show emission in blue region with decreases in intensity with drying time. </P><P> Conclusion: ZnS NPs incorporated in polyacrylamide ware prepared by copolymer technique. Structural analysis confirms zinc blend structure. The vibration spectra of composites samples predicts an interaction between different functional groups of polymer with the metal sulfide. These NCs show an enhanced thermally stability. The observed optical band show a red shift and quantum confinement effect. Size calculated by XRD and optical data shows good correlation with each other. The PL spectra of the NCs exhibits a broad blue emission with excitation (λex = 320 nm). The visible region emission could be originating from the radiative recombination involving defect states within the ZnS nanocrystals energy band.</P>