Possibilities of using leaves cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a medicinal plant material (review)

Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known as a food plant. However, in folk medicine in many countries, the roots and leaves of chicory are used as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic agent. In this regard, a promising direction of research is a detailed study of the biological characteristics and chemical composition of this plant in order to substantiate its use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The article presents an analysis of the available information on the botanical classification and biological characteristics, agricultural technology, chemical composition and the use of the aerial part of the cultivated common chicory in scientific and folk medicine. Possible resources for collecting chicory leaves are wild-growing populations, as well as varieties of root chicory, which is grown in Russia as an industrial crop. Under natural conditions, chicory occupies disturbed habitats characterized by low soil fertility, pollution with heavy metals, and increased competition with other ruderal plants. While in the conditions of culture, the best agroecological conditions for growing plants are provided, accelerating their development and contributing to accumulation of biologically active substances in greater quantities, compared with wild ones. In this regard, a promising direction of research is to study the influence of various factors (illumination, temperature, weather conditions, agrotechnical measures, varietal characteristics, growth regulators) on the content, qualitative composition and dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the leaves of cultivated common chicory.

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF JUNGAR MULLEIN (VERBASCUM SONGARICUM SCHRENK) AS A MEDICINAL RAW MATERIAL

В этой статье представлена общая информация о химических и лечебных свойствах коровяка джунгарского (Verbascum songaricum Schrenk). Написано о перспективности и актуальности изучения коровяка джунгарского (Verbascum songaricum Schrenk) как лекарственного растительного сырья This article provides general information on the chemical and medicinal properties of the Djungarian mullein (Verbascum songaricum Schrenk). It is written about the prospects and relevance of the study of the Djungarian mullein (Verbascum songaricum Schrenk) as a medicinal plant material

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF TABLETS CONTAINING PHYTOSUBSTANCES FOR APPLICATION IN COMPLEX CVD THERAPY

Currently, the most deadly diseases in the world medical practice are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The causes of CVD are incorrect lifestyle, which is currently often observed in our society. People do not exercise enough, eat fatty foods, fast food, experience stress, smoke (including drugs), and abuse alcohol. Active research is underway to find new drugs, but most of them are chemical drugs that usually have adverse events. The solution to the problem can be the use of medicines based on official medicinal plant material (MPM). It is worth noting the feasibility of using MPM and phytotherapy in the treatment of human diseases. The popularity of herbal medicine is due to the naturalness of phytopreparations, their low degree of allergenicity and toxicity, and easy assimilation by the human body of substances of plant origin.

HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS comparison of the chemical composition of flowers from two Arnica species grown in Poland

Summary Introduction: Arnica flowers are used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. According to EMA only endangered Arnica montana provides the medicinal plant material. However, some European countries also allow the use of A. chamissonis flowers, whose chemical composition is not known in detail. Objective: The aim of the study was to recognize and compare the chemical composition of A. montana and A. chamissonis flowers collected from plants cultivated in Poland. Methods: HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis comprised phenolic acids, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones. Results: Thirty eight flavonoids and phenolic acids were recognized and quantified, with patuletin, 6-methoxykaempferol and quercetin present only in A. chamissonis flowers. Moreover, helenalin and acetyl-dihydrohelenalin were identified. Conclusion: A. montana and A. chamissonis flowers from plants grown in Poland possess similar composition of simple phenols and polyphenols, present in concentration slightly higher in A. montana. Helenalin and dihydrohelenalin esters identified in arnica flowers from various regions of Europe were not detected.

Comparative Characteristics of Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Sea Buckthorn Fruits by Various Methods

Introduction. Recently, much attention has been paid to the primary assessment of the pharmacological effect of various drugs using in vivo and in vitro tests. It is known that such a medicinal plant as sea buckthorn, in its phytochemical composition is rich in natural antioxidants: carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, etc. In some publications there is information about the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn and fatty oil based on them. However, information on the comparative characteristics of the use of various methods for determining the antioxidant activity of this type of medicinal plant material and the results obtained are not found in the scientific literature.Aim. The aim of this work was a comparative determination of the antioxidant activity of medicinal plant material of buckthorn fruits of various species of buckthorn.Materials and methods. The total antioxidant activity of water and water-alcohol extracts from the fruits of sea buckthorn fruits was determined using various techniques recommended in the literature. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by permanganometric titration, in vitro inhibition of adrenaline autooxidation, and also in a biological model, Parametium caudatum cell culture.Results and discussion. The effect of the extractant polarity on the value of antioxidant activity was studied. It was found that the highest content of antioxidants in the extraction is observed when using 96 % ethanol as an extractant.Conclusion. Using three methods, the prospects of using sea buckthorn fruits and preparations based on them as a source of antioxidants are shown.

Study on the development of liquid extract of cardiotonic action

At the Department of Industrial Pharmacy of the National University of Pharmacy, a complex cardiotonic action extract containing extracts of Crataegus охуaсanta fruits, Leonurus cardiaca herb, Melissa officinalis herb and Humulus lupulus seedballs in equals proportions is being developed. The purpose of work was to determine the quantitative yield of biologically active substances, depending on the degree of depletion of medicinal plant raw materials extractant. Each medicinal plant raw material used in obtaining the extract was tested for compliance with the incoming normative documents and crushed. Percolation was performed using a laboratory percolator. As an extractant, 70% ethyl alcohol was used. The extraction process was carried out till obtaining a total extract of DER 1:10. For each separately collected sample of the liquid extract, the dry residue was determined using the Sartorius MA150C moisture analyzer (Germany). The extraction process was monitored by quantifying the polyphenolic compounds in extracts obtained in portions with DER step 1: 1 spectrophotometrically on the Evolution 60s spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The maximum yield of polyphenolic compounds is observed from Humulus lupulus. The smallest amount of polyphenolic compounds is extracted from the grass of Melissa officinalis and Crataegus oxyacanta. This trend is maintained for all variants of the ratio of raw materials/extractant. According to the physical and chemical research, the presence of polyphenolic nature substances in the composition of the extractions of the investigated medicinal plant material and the total extract has been confirmed. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds is removed from the following medicinal plant material – Humulus lupulus. The results correlate with earlier studies to determine the multiplicity of extraction by dry residue in the extract and extractions of individual plant materials.

A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BUCKTHORN BERRIES (HIPPOPHAES RHAMNOIDES L.) OF VARIOUS VARIETIES

A comparative study of the phytochemical composition of the fruit of buckthorn berries of various varieties cultivated on the territory of the European part of Russia. Identified varietal patterns of accumulation of various groups of biologically active substances (BAS) with the fruits of this plant make it possible to recommend certain sorts for further development of new herbal medicinal preparations based on this medicinal plant material. So, from the point of view of the solvent used, «Nivelena» and «Botanical Flavor» can be considered the most balanced varieties for obtaining aqueous medicinal forms (infusions and broths) containing water-soluble BAS groups. To create the alcohol dosage forms (tinctures, including matrix homeopathic and extracts), the most suitable varieties can be considered «Rowan» and «Capital».

ETERMINATION OF PIGMENTS IN RAW MATERIALS OF A WILLOW TRIANDRA (SALIX TRIANDRA L.)

It is known that various types of willow contain a rich polyphenolic complex of biologically active substances (BAS) (phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids). The same substances are found in the Salix triandra. In view of the fact that oral administration of dried medicinal plant material is now expedient, it is also of interest to study other BASs contained in the plant, in particular, the pigments. Using as an example a willow bine, it is shown that when determining the chlorophyll content in dried plant raw materials, it is necessary to take into account the fact of the pheophytin formation. Using the TLC method, pigments of the willow are found in leaves (bines): β-carotene, chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin and xanthophyll. When using the spectrophotometric method, it is found that the content of chlorophylls in a the willow bines varies from 0.032 to 0.18% and depends on the place of growth and seasonal factors (amount of sunlight, temperature and ecology of the environment). These values are almost 2 times different from the content of chlorophylls in leaves, but their amount can contribute to the pharmacological effect by oral intake of dried and powdered willow bines. It is found that when extracting the raw material with hexane, the content of the sum of carotenoids in terms of β-carotene is found to be not more than 2.5 mg /% in both leaves and bines of Salix triandra.